Penguin habitats: span the oceans and coasts of the Southern Hemisphere, including islands and remote continental regions, with species adapted to both cold climates such as Antarctica and warmer climates such as the Galapagos Islands and the coasts of Africa and South America.

The Penguins' diet: consists of seafood such as fish, squid and crustaceans, with the diet varying depending on the species and geographic location.

Behavior and Reproduction (curiosities):

1. Monogamy:

Many penguins are monogamous and can remain with the same partner for several years.

2. Fasting:

Some species, such as the emperor penguin, can fast for long periods, such as more than two months while incubating their eggs.

3. Chicks:

Penguin chicks are called chicks.

Penguin protection: actions range from direct intervention, such as the rescue and rehabilitation of stranded animals, to large-scale conservation measures, such as the creation of marine protected areas.

Marine Animal Research and Rehabilitation Institute (IPRAM):

a non-profit institution that operates primarily in Espírito Santo, with extensive work providing care to stranded, weakened penguins, as well as other marine species.

Name: Carcharodon carcharias better known as the great white shark.

Habitat: inhabits almost all oceans, preferring temperate and tropical waters, but is found from the surface to about 1,300 meters deep, in coastal and oceanic regions

Diet: The great white shark's diet varies with age and includes fish, turtles, seabirds, dolphins, seals, sea lions, and other whales.

conservation status: It is listed as "Vulnerable" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species.

Curiosity: The great white shark was one of the species originally described by Carlos Linnaeus in his 10th edition of Systema Naturae of 1758, in which it was identified as an amphibian and received the scientific name Squalus carcharias, Squalus being the genus in which he placed all sharks.

How to protect: To protect the great white shark, we can reduce bycatch and seafood consumption, support conservation efforts that demystify these animals, and promote environmental education so people understand the importance of these predators in the food chain.

ONG: https://www.ifaw.org/ca-en/journal/shark-facts-statistics

Source: https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubar%C3%A3o-branco

• Giovanna, Sophia V, Alice.

This species inhabits the circumpolar Southern Ocean, mainly around Antarctica. It can also be found off southern South America, southern Africa, and southern New Zealand. It lives in extremely deep waters, typically ranging from 20 to 2,000 meters (about 66 to 6,562 feet) depth Conservation Status

The colossal squid is listed as a species of Least Concern by the IUCN. Its deep and remote habitat makes human interactions rare. It also receives protection under the Antarctic Treaty Interesting Facts

It is one of the largest invertebrates on Earth by mass. Some specimens may weigh over 500 kg (1,100 lb) and reach lengths up to 14 m (~46 ft) including tentacles The colossal squid possesses the largest eyes known in the animal kingdom, with an estimated diameter of 27 to 40 cm (~10–16 in) It’s the only member of its family (Cranchiidae) that features hooks on its arms and tentacles, aiding in prey capture As an ambush predator, it feeds on fish like Antarctic toothfish, other squid, and possibly its own species (cannibalism). Its predators include sperm whales, sleeper sharks, and other deep-sea predators Conservation Action (Reduce Plastic in Oceans)

An excellent, trusted NGO working actively to reduce ocean plastic pollution is The Ocean Cleanup. They develop and deploy innovative technologies to:

Intercept plastic in rivers before it empties into oceans

Clean existing ocean plastic, such as in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch They aim to remove 90% of floating ocean plastic by 2040 and have already removed hundreds of thousands of kilograms of plastic

cientific name:Physeter Macrochepalus

habitat:all the world's oceans, preferring deep, temperate or tropical waters far from the coast, especially where it can hunt its prey,

habitat:squid, including giant squid, and other cephalopods, such as octopuses and cuttlefish. They also feed on deep-sea fish and rays.

conservation status:conservation status Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List,

curiosity:The sperm whale is famous for having the largest brain in the animal kingdom and for being the largest toothed, carnivorous cetacean in the world. It dives to great depths in search of giant squid, using its echolocation ability and a special organ, the spermaceti, to compensate for pressure and find prey in the dark.

protection action:the prohibition of commercial whaling by the International Whaling Commission (IWC) moratorium since 1986, the creation of marine reserves, environmental monitoring in oil regions, and the conservation of habitats through the end of marine littering and the reduction of underwater noise

ONG LINK:
Whale & Dolphin Conservation | Help Protect Whales & Dolphin

WDC

https://adopt-us.whales.org › donate-to-save › whales

diet: The dolphin's diet predominantly carnivorus ,varying according to species and habitat, but generally includes fish, squid and crustaceans such as shrimp. conservation status: the conversation status of dolphins varies greatly among species, ranging from "least concern" to "critically endangered." some species, such as the gangetic dolphin, are endangered due to pollution and dam construction. curiosities: Dolphins have their own names, sleep with one brain hemisphere at a time, and use echolocation to communicate and find food, rather than smell. They are social animals that live in groups, collaborate with fishermen, and have deep social relationships. Other interesting facts include their ability to reflect themselves in mirrors, the way they communicate with clicks and associates, the rapid regeneration of their skin, and their impressive leaps.

protective actions: avoid microplastics: do not use cosmetics or products that contain plastic microbeads

fonte: https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/animais/golfinhos.htm, foto

https://www.wilddolphinproject.org/

Sea angels are found worldwide in cold and temperate waters. They typically live in the midwater zone, from the surface to 2,000 feet deep (600 meters). Our research partner, MBARI, has sighted sea angels as deep as 5,921 feet (1,805 meters).

Diet:

Sea angels are predators that devour other swimming snails, including sea butterflies. One species, Clione limacina, is a very selective eater — it feeds exclusively on sea butterflies in the genus Limacina.

When the sea angel comes in contact with a prey item, it pushes out finger-like tentacles from its head that grab onto the prey. The sea angel then uses hook-like appendages to pull the prey out of its shell and into the sea angel’s gut. The whole process can take from two to 45 minutes.

Conservation status:

Ocean acidification and increasing ocean temperatures may leave sea angels with little to eat. They feed on sea butterflies, whose shells are made from calcium carbonate. As the chemistry of the ocean changes, less calcite and aragonite are available to animals to build their shells and can result in smaller populations.

Curiosities:

Sea angels have small wings compared to their relatives the sea butterflies, but they are very strong swimmers. Using a sculling motion, sea angels are able to swim fast and maneuver quickly

Sea angels are an important food source for several animals including jellies, ctenophores, fishes, baleen whales, and birds. In the dimly lit waters of the deep sea, the sea angel’s transparent body helps it hide from predators.

Protective actions:

Reduce plastic use by choosing reusable items and proper disposal, consume sustainable seafood, conserve water and energy to reduce your carbon footprint, choose reef-safe sunscreens, and participate in local clean-up efforts. Support ocean-friendly policies, learn about marine ecosystems, and avoid disturbing wildlife to make a broader impact.

Font:

monterey bay aquarium

🐢 Hawksbill Turtle

Common name: Hawksbill Turtle

Scientific name: Eretmochelys imbricata

Habitat: Warm tropical and subtropical seas, especially coral reefs and shallow coastal areas. They are found in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans.

Diet: They mainly eat sea sponges, but also consume algae, sea anemones, jellyfish, and small invertebrates. By controlling sponge populations, they help corals grow and reefs stay healthy.

Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN Red List). Their population has declined by more than 80% in the last century.

Lifespan: Can live 30–50 years in the wild.

Curiosity: Their beautifully patterned shell has historically been used to make jewelry and ornaments, which sadly led to overhunting. Today, international trade of hawksbill shells is banned.

💡 Why Are They Important?

Hawksbill turtles are known as “reef gardeners” because they keep sponge populations under control. Without them, sponges would overgrow and suffocate corals, damaging entire reef ecosystems. Protecting hawksbill turtles means protecting coral reefs and thousands of marine species that depend on them.

✅ Protection Action

👉 “Protect coral reefs, avoid buying turtle products, and reduce plastic pollution in the ocean.”

WWF: Hawksbill Turtle – WWF Brazil

https://share.google/7YTBlTzArHhMEUGPo

NOAA Fisheries: Hawksbill Turtle

Font: https://www.metropoles.com/ciencia/agua-viva-supera-tamanho-baleia

Diet: Predatory by nature, it hunts and feeds on small fish, plankton, ctenophorae and other smaller species of Jellyfish, but it also serves as food for other animals such as the Leather Turtle (which has this Aqua-Viva as its main diet), the Moonfish, some seabirds, and also Anemones.

Font: https://pt.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanea_capillata

Conservation status: According to scientists from CSIRO—Australia's government-run scientific research organization—while pollution, overfishing, global warming, and the resulting environmental imbalance are a plague for many marine species, they are all a boon for the lion's mane jellyfish. The researchers explained that there is still little data on the explosion in the jellyfish population. However, they do know some consequences: in addition to more accidents with swimmers, some fish species may disappear after the lion's mane jellyfish devour all their eggs. Like lionfish, lion's mane jellyfish can also contribute to marine environmental imbalance.

Font: https://www.megacurioso.com.br/animais-sinistros/44609-agua-viva-juba-de-leao-conheca-a-criatura-que-esta-dominando-os-mares.htm

curiosities: The lion’s mane jelly is the largest sea jelly among the over 200 species that make up the class of the true jellies, Scyphozoa. The genus name, Cyanea, is derived from the Greek ‘kyanos” which means dark blue. The first species described in the genus was dark blue. The Latin ‘capillus’ means hair and presumably describes this jelly’s many tentacles. The common name, lion’s mane, describes the perceived resemblance of the tentacles and their typical color to that of a lion’s mane. Because of their appearance, these jellies have been described as a mop hiding under a dinner plate.The lion’s mane jelly is the largest sea jelly among the over 200 species that make up the class of the true jellies, Scyphozoa. The genus name, Cyanea, is derived from the Greek ‘kyanos” which means dark blue. The first species described in the genus was dark blue. The Latin ‘capillus’ means hair and presumably describes this jelly’s many tentacles. The common name, lion’s mane, describes the perceived resemblance of the tentacles and their typical color to that of a lion’s mane. Because of their appearance, these jellies have been described as a mop hiding under a dinner plate.

Font: https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/busca?q=Agua-viva-juba-de-le%C3%A3o+habitat