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      <title>IGCSE Keywords by Georgina Hardiman</title>
      <link>https://padlet.com/georginahardiman/Bookmarks</link>
      <description>Find out the definition (no copy and pasting!) &amp; insert a youtube example</description>
      <language>en-us</language>
      <pubDate>2021-08-17 07:56:49 UTC</pubDate>
      <lastBuildDate>2021-09-07 13:51:25 UTC</lastBuildDate>
      <webMaster>hello@padlet.com</webMaster>
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      <item>
         <title>David-Rudiments </title>
         <author>georginahardiman</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/georginahardiman/Bookmarks/wish/1693094230</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>1. Dynamic markings: was it loud or quiet&nbsp;<br><br>2. Tempo markings:&nbsp; was it fast or really slow&nbsp;<br><br>3. Expression markings: How can we create music&nbsp;<br><br>4. Staccato: it have a dot above or below that it tell you to play it short and detached<br><br>5. Legato: it was a smooth flowing manner&nbsp;<br><br>6. Treble clef: right hand can make high level of pitched<br><br>7. Alto clef: It only for violin but the middle line of the staff is the note C<br><br>8. Key signatures (flats - only up to 4): In the major key it have Bb,Eb,Ab,Db<br><br>9. Key signatures (sharp - only up to 4): Sharp -G,D,A,E<br><br>10. Major: sound angle and pleasant<br><br>11. Minor: the sound it make sad and suspense&nbsp;<br><br>12. Time Signatures: It was the number on the top&nbsp;</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2021-08-24 06:41:28 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/georginahardiman/Bookmarks/wish/1693094230</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Rudiments - Quan</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/georginahardiman/Bookmarks/wish/1693130700</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>1. Dynamic markings: how loud or quite the music is (forte = loud, piano = quiet)<br>2. Tempo markings:&nbsp; how quick or slow the music is (andante = normal, allegro = fast, lento = slow)<br>3. Expression markings: how to play the music (dolce = sweet, leggiero = gentle, agitato = agitated)<br>4. Staccato: shortened duration, detached<br>5. Legato: notes are played smoothly and connected<br>6. Treble clef: used for the right hand in piano, and used for high-pitched instruments (violin, flute, oboe, saxophone)<br>7. Alto clef: used for violas (C is in the middle)<br>8. Key signatures: flat - F, Bb, Eb, Ab<br>9. Key signatures: sharp - G, D, A, E<br>10. Major: sound happy and pleasant<br>11. Minor: sound sad and depressing<br>12. Time signatures: number at the top = how many beat in a bar, number at the bottom = type of beat (4 = crochet, 8 = quaver) e.g: 2/2, 4/4, 3/4, 8/8</div><div><br><br><br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2021-08-24 07:00:43 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/georginahardiman/Bookmarks/wish/1693130700</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>SOPHIA - RUDIMENTS</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/georginahardiman/Bookmarks/wish/1693145034</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>1. DYNAMIC - how loud and quiet that the music have played (volume) .&nbsp;<br>2. TEMPO - the speed of the music&nbsp;<br>3. EXPRESSION - the way you played the note. example: pp (very quiet) ff (very loud)<br>4. STACCATO - short and detached&nbsp;<br>5. smooth<br>6. TREBLE CLEF - higher sounding notes(use for right hands piano)&nbsp;<br>7. ALTO CLEF - used for viola<br>8. KEY SIGNATURES: flat -F,&nbsp; Bb, Eb, Ab, Db<br>9. KEY SIGNATURES: sharp - G, D, A, E<br>10. MAJOR : happy sound in music<br>11. MINOR: sad sound in music<br>12. TIME SIGNATURE: top numbers - how many beat contain in 1 bar-line<br>bottom numbers : each beat equal a crochet/quaver/minim/...<br><br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2021-08-24 07:08:33 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/georginahardiman/Bookmarks/wish/1693145034</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Bao - Rudiments</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/georginahardiman/Bookmarks/wish/1693145085</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>1. Dynamic markings means the variation in loudness in notes and phrases e.g F, P, MF, MP,...&nbsp;<br>2.Tempo markings :<br>- adante<br>- lento<br>- allegro<br>- moderato<br>-&nbsp; presto<br>3. Expression markings:<br>- Cresc<br>-decresc<br>4. Staccato means detached note&nbsp;<br>5. Legato means play smoothly, with no gaps between the notes.<br>6. Treble clef : used to play high notes&nbsp;<br>7. alto clef : used for violas ( C is in the middle)<br>8. key signatures flats : Bb, F, Ab, Eb<br>9. key signatures sharp:&nbsp; E, G, D, A&nbsp;<br>10. major: happy tone<br>11. Minor: depressong tone<br>12. Time signatures: numer at the top shows us how many beat in a bar, number at the bottom shows us the type of beat e.g 4/4 6/8 3/4 2/4,...<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2021-08-24 07:08:35 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/georginahardiman/Bookmarks/wish/1693145085</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Lam - Rudiments</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/georginahardiman/Bookmarks/wish/1693145783</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Dynamic markings will tell the musician to play a music loudly or softly. e.g. Forte - louder, Piano - softer<br><br>Tempo markings will tell the musician to play a music faster or slower. e.g. Adagio - slow, Allegro - fast<br><br>Expression markings will tell the musician the way the piece of music should be performed as a whole. e.g. Romanitco - lovely and romantic, Adirato - angry and grumpy<br><br>Staccato is a type of music articulation that tells the musician to play short and abrupt notes.<br><br>Legato is a type of music articulation that tells the musician to play smooth and connected notes.<br><br>Treble clef is a clef that is placed on G and is above middle C. Is used in piano, guitar, flute etc.<br><br>Alto clef is a clef placed on middle C and is used in violas.<br><br>Key signatures: flat - F, Bb, Eb, Ab<br><br>Key signatures: sharp - G, D, A, E<br><br>Major is a scale that sounds happy and cheerful<br><br>Minor is a scale that sounds sad and sorrowful<br><br>Time signatures is the 2 numbers at the start of every bar of music. The top number indicates how many beat in a bar, the number at the bottom indicates the type of beat in a bar (2 = minim, 4 = crotchet, 8 = quaver) e.g. 2/2, 4/4, 3/4, 2/4, 5/8.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2021-08-24 07:09:00 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/georginahardiman/Bookmarks/wish/1693145783</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Rudiments - Peter</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/georginahardiman/Bookmarks/wish/1693157982</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Dynamics marking: To show the volume of a part of the piece. F = forte, p = piano.&nbsp;<br><br>Tempo marking: To mark the speed of the piece, usually by using Italian words. Adante: Slowly, Allegro: Fast.<br><br>Expression markings: Small notes added to show how the note should be expressed. Calmato: Calmly; Misterioso: Mysteriously.<br><br>Staccato: Playing a note sharply and separately from others, this is usually by playing quickly. Marked by having a dot at the bottom of the note or above if the note is reversed.<br>&nbsp;<br>Legato: Opposite to staccato, legato is to play the notes connectively, smoothing from one to the other. Marked by a line drawing from the beginning note of the legato to the ending one.<br><br><br>Treble clef: A marking that is used to indicate how notes are displayed on the 5 lines. The first line at the bottom is E, and counting upward. Middle C is at the line below the first line, therefore, this is usually to play quite high note instruments.<br><br><br>Alto clef: A marking that is used to indicate how notes are ordered on the lines. Alto clef is kind of between treble clef and bass clef. The middle C is on the 3rd line, right at the middle.&nbsp;<br><br><br>Key signatures: Flats - F, Bb, Eb, Ab.&nbsp;<br><br>Key signatures: Sharp - G, D, A, E.<br><br>Major: To mark that the piece is happy and joyful.&nbsp;<br><br>Minor: To mark that the piece is not happy and joyful.&nbsp;<br><br>Time signature: To show how many beats are there in one bar and the type of beat.&nbsp;<br>4 - Crochet beat, 2 - Minim beat,<br>8 - Quaver beat.<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2021-08-24 07:16:00 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/georginahardiman/Bookmarks/wish/1693157982</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>linh -Rudiments </title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/georginahardiman/Bookmarks/wish/1693159365</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>1. The term dynamics means how quietly or loudly the music is. E.g F- forte means loud, P- piano means soft&nbsp;<br>2. The term tempo means the speed at a which a piece of music should be played. E.g Allegro- means fast, adagio- means slow<br>3.Expression shows how the note should be play in the music E.g Leggiero means gentle, Misterioso means mysteriously, Adirato means angry<br>4. The term Staccato means that notes should be played short and sharp like jumping up. Eg It is indicated by short vertical strokes or dots above or below the note.&nbsp;<br>5. The term legato means tied together or connected this indicates that musical notes are played or sung smoothly and connected. Eg this ‘ )’ but turn 90 degree clockwise<br>6. Treble Clef is a Clef placing G above middle C.&nbsp; This is used for the right hand in piano and many others.<br>7. Alto Clef is a coed placing middle C on the middle line of the staff, and is used for viola.<br>8. Key signature is a western notation. Flat : Ab Db Gb Cb<br>9. Key signature sharp : G D A E<br>10. Major: create a bright happy tone&nbsp;<br>11. Minor: create a sad tone<br>12.Time signature can be seen in front of every bar of music. The time signature is a notational convention used in western musical notation to specify how many beats are contained in each bar. and which note value is equivalent to a beat. Eg . 4/4, 2/4 , 1/2 3/3<br>The number in the top indicates how many beat is in a bar the number below is the type of beat in a bar.<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2021-08-24 07:16:43 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/georginahardiman/Bookmarks/wish/1693159365</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>hannah-rudiments</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/georginahardiman/Bookmarks/wish/1693168591</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>1.dynamics marking: how loudly or softly to play a piece of music<br>2. tempo marking: the pace or speed at which a section of music is played.<br>3. expression marking: special symbols that describe other modifications<br>4.stacato: A dot above or below a note tells you to play it short and detache<br>5. Legato:play the notes&nbsp; smoothly&nbsp;<br>6: Treble clef:a clef placing G&nbsp;<br>7. Alto clef:the C clef when placed on the musical staff&nbsp;<br>8. Key signatures flat:the notes made low in a given key signature<br>9.Key signatures sharp:the notes that are made high in a given key signature<br>10.major:scale in which the third scale degree<br>11. minor:seven-note musical scale<br>12.time signatures: the beat</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2021-08-24 07:22:37 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/georginahardiman/Bookmarks/wish/1693168591</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Rudiments-Khanh Linh</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/georginahardiman/Bookmarks/wish/1693169348</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>1. <strong>Dynamic markings</strong>: Italian words to shows the volume of a sound or note<br><em>e.g: p=piano, f=forte</em><br>2. <strong>Tempo markings</strong>: Italian words to show how fast a piece or a section of music should be played<br><em>e.g: moderato = play moderately, allegro= lively and fast<br></em>3.<strong> Expression markings</strong>: notations that describe to the musician how to perform the music, including volume, tempo, etc<br><em>e.g: romantico, pacato,dolore<br></em>4. <strong>Staccato</strong>: played the note sharply and separated from each others<br>5. <strong>Legato</strong>: played smoothly and continuosly between notes<br>6. <strong>Treble clef</strong>: most commonly used clef <br>7. <strong>Alto clef</strong>: a clef placing middle C on the middle line of the staff, now used chiefly for viola music<br>8. <strong>Key signatures (flats)</strong>: written as b ,visual symbol, printed on a musical staff, that indicates what key a section of music is written in<br><em>e.g: F, Bb, Eb,Ab</em><br>9. <strong>Key signatures (sharp)</strong>: written as # <br><em>e.g: C, G, D, A<br></em>10. <strong>Major</strong>: a scale in which the third scale degree is a major third above the tonic note,mainly used in happy muic<br>11. <strong>Minor</strong>: the third degree is a minor third above the tonic, mainly used in sad pieces<br>12. <strong>Time signatures:</strong> a music notation, the top figure shows the number of beats in a bar, the bottom figure shows the note value that receives one beat.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2021-08-24 07:23:07 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/georginahardiman/Bookmarks/wish/1693169348</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Rudiment-Khiem</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/georginahardiman/Bookmarks/wish/1693171190</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Dynamic: volume&nbsp;</div><div>Tempo: speed and pace</div><div>Expression: how the notes are played</div><div>Staccato: the notes are played sharply and detached</div><div>Legato: smoothly with no gaps between notes</div><div>Treble cleff: higher notes&nbsp;</div><div>Alto cleff: used for the viola</div><div>Key signatures:</div><ul><li>flats: F, Bb, Db, Ab</li><li>Sharp: D, A, G, E</li></ul><div>Major: happier sounds</div><div>Minor: unhappy sounds</div><div>Time signature: numbers to show beats in a bar line and how long a beat is</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2021-08-24 07:24:09 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/georginahardiman/Bookmarks/wish/1693171190</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Jenny - Rudiment </title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/georginahardiman/Bookmarks/wish/1693175344</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>1. Dynamic: The variation of volume levels(f = loud, p = quite)<br>2. Tempo: The speed of the music played (andante = normal, allegro = fast, lento = slow)<br>3. Expression: How the notes is played&nbsp;<br>4. Staccato: sharply detached and short<br>5. Legato: the notes is played in a smoothly<br>6. Treble clef: use for higher pitch notes and played by the right hand<br>7. Alto clef: notes played for violas<br>8. Key Signature ( Flats ): F, Bb, Eb, Ab<br>9. Key Signature ( Sharp): G, D, A, E<br>10. Major: The keys for the happy tone<br>11. Minor:&nbsp; The keys for the dramatic tone<br>12. Time Signature: number at the top = how many beat in 1 bar, number at the bottom = type of beat ( e.g. 2/4, 4/4, C, 2/2,...)</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2021-08-24 07:26:35 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/georginahardiman/Bookmarks/wish/1693175344</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Rudiment-Chan</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/georginahardiman/Bookmarks/wish/1719623469</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Tempo: speed and pace<br>Dynamic: volume&nbsp;</div><div>Expression: how the notes are played</div><div>Staccato: the notes are played sharply and detached<br>Alto cleff: used for the viola</div><div>Treble cleff: higher notes&nbsp;</div><div>Legato: smoothly with no gaps between notes</div><div>Key signatures:</div><ul><li>flats: F, Bb, Db, Ab</li><li>Sharp: D, A, G, E</li></ul><div>Time signature: numbers to show beats in a bar line and how long a beat is</div><div>Major: happier sounds</div><div>Minor: unhappy sounds</div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2021-09-06 15:42:43 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/georginahardiman/Bookmarks/wish/1719623469</guid>
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