Past to Present by Mrs. Braunstein

Topic 1,2 or 3 and a Title, like "Topic 1: Persons Who Challenged the Narrative" or Topic 2: Persons who supported others, or Topic 3: Immigration and Prejudice

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Overall Visual

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Group Names "By: Mickey Mouse, Minnie Mouse, Tigger, Roo"

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A) Primary Information and a Photo

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B) Historical Example & a Photo

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C) Modern Example/Info and a Photo

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Sample Format

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Topic 3: Immigration Bias

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Kaito Kobayashi, Alexander Shkumatov, James Farquharson, and Clara Bern

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Group Names: Kyra, Lea, Tyler, Josh

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Topic 2:

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Topic One, People Who Challenged the Dominant Narrative

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Kate Ridgway, Connor, Shayla Mukerji, Niharika Prachanda

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Topic 1: People Who Challenged the Dominant Narrative

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a) Korematsu's Efforts to Disrupt the Dominant Narrative

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Fred Korematsu was a young Japanese American who lived in California when Japan attacked Pearl Harbor. When the government issued order 9066 to remove all people of Japanese ancestry from the coast, he claimed he was a Spanish Hawaiian. He resisted interment ran away and became a fugitive. When Korematsu was discovered, he appealed to the Supreme Court in Korematsu vs. the United States, but the court upheld the constitutionality of the order. Even after his case was lost, he still continued to fight racism that caused inequities in Japanese American’s lives. Four decades after the Supreme Court ruling, the order was overturned due to new evidence surfaced that was withheld from the courts by the government during the war.

Historical Example

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An example of bias towards immigrants in history occurred in 1882 with the first major restriction law, the Chinese Exclusion Act. This act placed a 10-year ban on Chinese laborers from immigrating to the United States. The act excluded them from the country with the penalty of imprisonment and deportation. Before the Exclusion Act Chinese laborers immigrated to the country in search of jobs and to make money to send back home. They built railroads as the US began to spread West and those railroads ultimately led to the progression of America as a industrial powerhouse.

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A) He was a Japanese American. When the US had Executive Order 9066 he refused to go to the concentration camps because he knew he did nothing wrong. He was then arrested and convicted for defying the government’s order. His case went all the way to the Supreme Court and in 1944, the court ruled against him arguing that them going to the camps was a military necessity. Later in 1983, Peter Irons and Aiko Herzig-Yoshinaga found documents proving that the Japanese Americans never committed acts of treason to justify their going to the camps. This allowed him to reopen his case and that year, his conviction was overturned.

C)Somebody at present time whose efforts are trying to disrupt the dominant narrative and current struggle

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On 3/4/24(monday), there was an Israel executive conference keynote. During the conference, Barak Regev, an engineer protested against Project Nimbus, a $1.2 billion Israeli government contract for cloud services with Google and Amazon. The engineer argued that the project endangered Palestinian community members and called for an end. The protester was then later fired from google. “I refuse to build technology that powers genocide or surveillance”

https://youtube.com/shorts/TnlK6zB7rX4?si=fwKODPqX8C0d6Au0

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B) Rosa Parks was a historical figure who tried to disrupt the dominant narrative of African Americans being less than other people. She fought for the Civil Rights movement when she refused to give her bus seat up to a white man. She and others boycotted the bus station for over a year leading to the Supreme Court ruling that bus segregation was unconstitutional

B) Historical Example & Photo

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Dred Scott V John F.A. Sandford

The Dred Scott versus John Sandford is one of the biggest historical cases that had a huge disruption in the current narrative at the time. This case was big because slavery was still legal in some parts of the country. Dred Scott’s trial shaped the way we live today by changing the narrative that colored people weren't just slaves. Because of him and the impact that he made being chained up in court and what his case meant to the people, helping to turn the trajectory of the country into a much better place. Dred Scott’s effort to become a free man changed how way the world saw African Americans and slaves.

Modern Examples

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Executive Order 13769 (the Muslim ban)
Issued by President Trumpto protect the US against terrorism. It sought to prevent the admission of foreign nationals who might exploit U.S. immigration for malevolent purposes. Revoked by President Biden in 2021.
Immigration and Customs Enforcement raiding workplaces and arresting undocumented workers.
This targets specific industries/ethnic groups, especially Hispanics and Latinos.
Arizona’s SB 1070: law enforcement can enquire about immigration status when doing routine stops.
Police are allowed to pull over anyone and question them about immigration status meaning that Hispanics/Latinos can be targeted.
Trump’s zero tolerance policy
This allows the US government to separate parents and children.

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Research more and explain about the feelings against immigrants that led to the Japanese American internment

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Before the attack at Pearl Harbor, many Japanese people were immigrating to and thriving in the West Coast economy. Many white businessmen became resentful of that and wanted legislation against Japanese immigrants, saying their presence was a “menace” and that they were a threat to white “labor”. After Pearl Harbor, businesses began discriminating against Japanese people, and eventually, they were placed in internment camps through Executive Order 9066.

C) Modern Person Who Countered a Dominant Narrative

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Joan Fleischman is a doctor in the MYA network, a group of abortion providers that advocate for normalized early-pregnancy abortion. She countered the dominant narrative around early pregnancy abortion that depicted illustrations of fetuses with a baby-like appearance inside a pregnant woman as early as a few weeks. She did so by taking real photos of pregnancy tissue after abortion and distributing them to news outlets such as The Guardian and The New York Times. The surprising appearance of the pregnancy tissue which looked like white fuzz or lint served as an alternative to the graphic illustrations many pro-life advocates used, and changed many people's emotional view of early pregnancy abortion.

Topic 1: Those who challenged the dominant narrative

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Topic 2: Research more about those, like the neighbor, who tried to help the Japanese Americans at the time of internment.

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Modern Example/info and photo

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C) In modern times, figures like Malala actively challenge social norms. Malala, an advocate for girls' education, bravely defied what was known to be "right" and resisted Taliban oppression in Pakistan. Malala inspires change and contributs to a more inclusive society everywhere.

Another historical figure: Dred Scott

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In the 1850s, Dred Scott was a slave in Missouri. He and his wife sued for their freedom on the grounds that they lived on land where slavery was illegal. This case unfortunately ruled that enslaved people were not citizens of the United States and, therefore, could not expect any protection from the federal government or the courts, not citizenship. This ruling was used to uphold slavery and strip the rights of African Americans. Although we was not successful, he is comparable to Korematsu in their courage to challenge the status quo of

Topic 1: Those who challenges the dominant narrative

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Who was Fred Korematsu?

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Fred Korematsu was an American Civil Rights activist and he was against Japanese Americans being interned during World War II. He stood up for what he believed and as a result, he was arrested and later on sent to the internment camps. He was born in Oakland, California on January 30, 1919. He was held in Presidio Stockade when he was arrested on May 30, 1942. He wanted Congress to pass the Civil Liberties Act of 1988. The purpose of this act was to give a public apology and compensation to Japanese Americans who were incarcerated. In 1998, he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom. In conclusion of the case, the court ruled in a 6 to 3 decision in which the government had the ability to arrest Korematsu and intern him under Executive Order 9066. Korematsu didn’t have to do any of this, but instead he fought for what he believed was the right thing to do and as a result, the Civil Liberities Act of 1988 was successful.

Abby, Monika, Lucas, Aana

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Names: Shivani, Shane, Ethan, Aanya

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Research more about those, like the neighbor, who tried to help the Japanese Americans at the time of internment.

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President Jimmy Carter called for a committee to investigate the internment of Japanese Americans. The committee concluded that Japanese Americans were interned because of racial prejudice and not because they posed a threat. Congress issued an apology and gave $20,000 to survivors of the camps. The Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians was created to review the forced relocation and internment.

Nico Lee, Mia Molina, Cassandra Colaizzi, Brandon Chatterjee, Von Roberts

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Manya, Alan, Amia, and Rohan

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Topic 1: Those who challenges the dominant narrative

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Other Historical Figure:

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Suzanne Spaak: Spaak gave up her comfortable life with her family to join the National Movement Against Racism (NMAR). The organization worked to aid in the escape of the Jewish affected by the Nazis. She accepted every assignment with courage, spending much of her time underground helping to get the Jewish to safety. Spaak also used her high social status to knock on the doors of those in power to remind them they were responsible for acting against the persecution of the Jewish and opponents of the regime.

John Brown: Brown was a white abolitionist who worked with the Underground Railroad to free slaves. He also encouraged an insurrection at Harpers Ferry in West Virginia. Brown thought that for slavery to end, violence was needed. He and his team killed five pro-slavery settlers, an example of the lengths he was willing to go for those who were oppressed.

A) Primary Information +Photo

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Fred Koramatsu was a Japanese American Civil Rights activist who defied the militarily enforced mass incarceration of Japanese Americans taking the matter to the Supreme Court. He lost the case, however, years later in 1981, documents previously hidden from the Supreme Court by the FBI revealed that there was no evidence justifying the mass incarceration of Japanese Americans. Thus Fred finally won the case nearly 40 years later from when he started it. He was then awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom for his exemplary actions in the name of Civil Rights by President Bill Clinton in the weeks following. He then passed away on December 7th 2020 in Tokyo.

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Fred Korematsu

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Fred Korematsu was 19 when Japan attacked Pearl Harbor. Later, President Roosevelt signed the Executive Order 9066. Korematsu tried to evade the order by getting another identity, but he was caught and sent to prison, that was when he met an attorney who wanted to help him fight his case. When Korematsu was sent to Tanforan he faced backlash from his community but he fought on. At his Supreme Court case Korematsu argued that the convictions and removal order were unconstitutional, however, the Court affirmed the convictions. Later, nearly 40 years after the original case was reopened and he went back to fight again and the Supreme Court overruled their conviction.

b) Similar Historical Figure

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Somebody similar to Korematsu at the time was Philip A. Randolph. He was born in 1889. In 1917 he began writing for the Messenger. In his writings, Randolph advocated for peace and equality. A few years later, Randolph was asked to become president of the “Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters” union, which encountered great success against the massive corporation, Pullman. In 1940 Randolph was organizing 100,000 people to march on Washington to demand anti-discrimination laws. President Roosevelt was forced to issue an executive order, declaring the unconstitutionality of discrimination in the employment of black Americans in government defense industries. In 1947 He demanded that the government integrate the armed forces. Randolph was one of the pioneers of peaceful protest and inspired future civil rights activists like Martin Luther King.

Another Historical Figure: MLK

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Martin Luther King Jr. was a figure who, like Fred Korematsu, worked to disrupt the dominant narrative of racism and segregation against African Americans. MLK was born on Janurary 15, 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia. He was a prominent leader of the American civil rights movement from 1955 to 1968. During his time segregation and racial tensions were high and African Americans had no equality or fair rights. Racism was accepted and many people thought that whites were superior and African Americans didn’t deserve equality. MLK fought to disprove and advocate for equal rights among people of all races. He led nonviolent resistances and acts of civil disobedience to fight for his beliefs. He inspired people with his speeches of an equal future he envisioned. His efforts catalyzed legislative changes in the US, taking steps towards equality.

extended thoughts, current issues:

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Another more recent case that is still ongoing is unfolding in Phoenix. There are regular spontaneous raids on homeless encampments. During these raids, the homeless do not get warnings, there are no other adequate places to shelter, and property is destroyed. The dominant narrative is that they should be removed but the American Civil Liberty Union of Arizona is working against these raids and working against the dominant narrative.

Present Time: Hind Khoudary

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A 29 year old journalist on the Gaza-strip, native to Gaza. She dedicates her life to documenting the stories of her people, and sharing witness to the suffering in Gaza. She shares her information across instagram, challenging censors that may hide her content from viewers due to her “controversial” content. Hind has documented her life in Gaza and the conflict occurring since November of 2023, by sharing articles and struggles of what happens on a daily basis. Every day she risks her life opposing censorship and challenging Israel’s dominant narrative, as 90 Palestinian journalists have been killed since the surge in conflict on October 7th, 2023.

Another more recent related case which is still ongoing is currently unfolding in Phoenix. There are regular spontaneous raids on homeless encampments. Within these raids, the unsheltered people do not get warnings, there are no other adequate places to shelter, and a lot of the time property is destroyed. The dominant narrative is that they should be removed but the American Civil Liberty Union of Arizona is working against these raids and working against the dominant narrative.

2024-03-12 17:35:01 UTC

Another more recent related case which is still ongoing is currently unfolding in Phoenix Arizona. In Phoenix, there are regular spontaneous raids on homeless encampments. Within these raids, the unsheltered people do not get warnings, there are no other adequate places to shelter, and a lot of the time property is destroyed. The dominant narrative is that they should be removed but the American Civil Liberty Union of Arizona is working against these raids and working against the dominant narrative.

A) Korematsu's Efforts

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When FDR passed Executive Order 9066, Fred Korematsu deeply opposed it and felt that he had as many rights as any other American citizen. When the US Army first began removing Japanese Americans from their homes, he changed his identity to Clyde Sarah to escape the possibility of imprisonment. However on May 30th, Korematsu was arrested and taken to the Presidio Stockade. Korematsu tried to sue the U.S. for this unjust incarceration, but it didn’t end with a satisfying result. Korematsu claimed that Congress, the President, and the military authorities did not have the power to issue the relocation orders and that he was facing discrimination merely based on his race. The gov’t argued that the evacuation and relocation was necessary to protect the country and the federal appeals seemed to have agreed. After he lost, Korematsu continued to fight for the civil rights of all Americans but his original case was reopened nearly 40 years later and the Supreme Court overruled the convictions. Korematsu was even involved in getting Congress to pass the Civil Liberties Act of 1988, which gave a public apology and compensation for all Japanese Americans who were incarcerated.

B) Historical Example & Photo

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Dred Scott V John F.A. Sandford

Modern Example/info and photo

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Current Figures:

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Marianne Williamson was one of the Democratic candidates in the 2024 election who emphasized protection of the rights of LGBTQ+ individuals in the United States. She vowed that her administration would support the Equality Act and Equal Rights Amendment, including gender equality. She also pledged to appoint an attorney general with the priority of prosecuting hate crimes against the LGBTQ+ community, sees transgender murder and suicide rates as a national emergency, and more.

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