Demographic of the Speakers and their respected countries

2.1 What is IPA?
2.2 IPA Transcription of Sample Sentences

3.1 English in United Kingdom
3.2 English in America

4.1 What is a Phoneme?
4.2 Analysis

4.2.1 Rhoticity
4.2.2 Change of Vowels
4.2.3 Change of Diphtongs

4.1 What is a Prosody?
4.2 Analysis

4.2.1 Intonation
4.2.2 Stress

6.1 What is Lexical Variation?
6.2 Lexical Variation between BrE and AmE
6.3 Lexical Variation across UK (England)
6.4 Lexical Variation across US

7.1 What is Grammar/Syntactic Variation? 
7.2 Grammatical Variation in British vs American English
7.3 Analysis

7.3 Analysis
7.3.1 Nouns
7.3.2 Articles
7.3.3 Pronouns
7.3.4 Verbs
7.3.5 Tenses
7.3.6 Prepositions 
7.3.7 Punctuations
7.3.8 Adverbs

An American-born, with English as his mother tongue. 

A man born from mixed marriages, British-Pakistani, with English as his mother tongue.

• Introduced by:  John Wells 
• Year: 1982 
• English Accents speakers can be divided into 2 groups: Rhotic speakers and Non-rhotic speakers
• Rhotic speaker articulate the consonant /r/ whereas Non-rhotic speaker do not articulate the consonant /r/ hence:
  • British English speaker = Non-rhotic speaker
  • American English speaker = Rhotic speaker

• Diphtong is a gliding vowel in the articulation of which there is a continuous transition from one position to another. 
  • For example: the letter "i" in the word ice is represented as /ai/

"I would have not lose my only chance to get my dream job"

•  /ns/
•  /nt/
•  /nʧ/
• /mpl/

• vowel /ɑ:/ is before sounds /s/, /f/, and /t/ 

( e.g : pass )

• vowel /ɑ:s/ in BrE but /æs/ in AmE

 (e.g : glass )

• vowel /ɑ:t/ in Bre but /æf/ in Ame

(e.g : giraffe )

• American English has 5 diphtongs:

  • /eɪ/ 

  • /aɪ/ 

  • /aʊ/ 

  • /oʊ/

  • /ɔɪ/

• British English (BrE) and American English (AmE) has numerous varieties. 
• Several ways on how British English and American English differs from each other includes :

  • Vocabulary

  • Accent

  • Spelling

  • Grammar

(Some of these examples above along with other variations will be explored more in the portfolio).

• Most of the differences between BrE and AmE are minor and do not really affect one's understanding of English rules.

• -ogue: (BrE-AmE) Monologue-Monolog
• -y-: (Bre-AmE) Tyre-Tire, Pyjamas-Pajamas

• BrE: barrister, AmE: lawyer
• BrE: metro, underground tube, AmE: subway

• BrE: sweep under the carpet, AmE: sweep under the rug
• BrE: skeleton in the cupboard, AmE: skeleton in the closet
• BrE: blow one's trumpet, AmE: blow one's horn

• Collective nouns are considered singular in American English. But British English, mostly considers it as plural. 
• E.g: (AmE) The band is playing. (BrE) The band are playing. 
• BrE uses 'at' for preposition to relate to time and place. AmE uses 'on' for time and 'in' for place. 
• The Brits use 'shall' meanwhile the Americans use 'will' or 'should'.

• In the audio, our second speaker is a Rhotic speaker as he pronounced clearly the word "leisure" with "r" as in /lɛʒər/ meanwhile our first speaker dropped "r" when he pronounced the word as /lɛʒə/, making him a Non-rhotic speaker.

• Only pronounce the 'r' if it comes before a spoken vowel sound

(e.g: red, rude,here)

• This movement is not large because the second part of the diphthong is weak.
• The lips may be slightly rounded in anticipation of the glide towards /ʊ/

• grammatical meaning 

(e.g: different tones for types of questions)

• status of information

(e.g: main or subordinate/ finished or unfinished)

•  attitude 

(e.g: whether we’re certain or not/ have doubts or reservations )

• feelings

(e.g. whether we’re confident/ happy/ enthusiastic/ sad/ bored etc.)

• relational 

(e.g: how ‘open’, friendly or ‘closed’ we are towards a listener, or to communicate empathy or shared feeling)

Did you make[↑] that for us?

Did you make any new friends [↑]?

• It is l-o-n-g-e-r - com p-u-ter
• It is LOUDER - comPUTer
• It has a change in pitch from the syllables coming before and afterwards. The pitch of a stressed syllable is usually higher.
• It is said more clearly -The vowel sound is purer. Compare the first and last vowel sounds with the stressed sound.
• It uses larger facial movements - the jaw and lips move differently when a word is stressed. 

• Distinguish a word from another word

(e.g: desert and dessert)

• John entered the room. It was full of people.
• John entered the room, which was full of people. 
• When John entered, the room was full of people. 
• The room which John entered was full of people. 

Advertisement

Differences in American and British English grammar | article. Retrieved from https://www.onestopenglish.com/support-for-teaching-grammar/differences-in-american-and-british-english-grammar-article/152820.article

• 'I have no time' (BrE)

• 'I don't have any time' (AmE)

• Some of the grammar variation are now accepted and used frequently in BrE.
• However, some grammar structure may still be considered ungrammatical in some other variety. 
• Differences between AmE and BrE can be seen through the usage of nouns, pronouns, verbs, tenses, prepositions, auxiliaries, etc. 

7.3.1 Nouns

• Which team is losing? ✓
• Which team are losing? ✓
• His team are all sitting down. ✓

• Which team is losing? ✓
• Which team are losing? ✗

7.3.2 Articles

• an orange.
• a cat.

• a orange.

• He is in hospital.
• Members of staff.
• On average. 

• He is in the hospital.
• Members of the staff.
• On the average.  

7.3.3 Pronouns

• "If one loses one's tempter, one should apologize."

• "If one loses his temper, he should apologize." 

• BrE : Whom do you want to see?
• AmE : Who do you want to see? 

7.3.4 Verbs

• Shall we dance? 
• I shall go. (sometimes they use 'will' when speaking)

• I will go.

• Would we always tell you?
• You oughtn't to have done. 

• Should we always tell you?
• You shouldn't have done.

• Are you going to play with them?

• Are you gonna play with them? 

Past and Participle Forms of Verbs

7.3.5 Tenses

7.3.6 Prepositions

• BrE : I am currently at home. 
• AmE : I am currently home. 

• BrE : I'll see you on Monday.
• AmE : I'll see you Monday.

• BrE : He walked towards the post office.
• AmE : He walked toward the post office.

• BrE : It was hiding among the pile of clothing.
• AmE : It was hiding amongst the pile of clothing. 

• BrE : I'll be here at the weekend.
• AmE : I'll be here on the weekend. 

7.3.7 Punctuations

• BrE : Mother told me, "Go play with your brother". (double inverted commas)
• AmE : Mother told me, 'Go play with your brother'. (single inverted commas)

• BrE : My favorite animals are cats, rabbits and hamsters.
• AmE : My favorite animals are cats, rabbits, and hamsters. (usage of comma on the second to last item)

• BrE : post-war, co-operation.
• AmE : postwar, cooperation. 

7.3.8 Adverbs