Origin of the universe by

Introduction

alejandrardz2022 — 2024-09-02 13:38:51 UTC

There are many theories that claim to know the answer for the universe's origin. And although many are plausible, the most accepted one is the Big Bang theory, which suggests that the universe began from an extremely hot, dense point smaller than a subatomic particle. An unimaginable force caused the intense burst of energy from the tiny point in a fraction of a second distributing all the matter and energy in all directions. (Study.com. (n.d.). The Big Bang theory: Explanation and evidence. Study.com. https://study.com/academy/lesson/the-big-bang-theory-explanation-and-evidence.html)

Cover

alejandrardz2022 — 2024-09-02 13:56:13 UTC

Timeline "Origin of the universe"

Subject: Geography

Professor: Luis A. Calderón Cortés

Students: Maya A. Rodríguez González and Santiago F. Zaragoza Ortíz

Group: 51

Starting point

alejandrardz2022 — 2024-09-02 14:08:45 UTC

The Big Bang is used as a starting point to tell the story of how everything was created, and so, we'll discuss it like that.

Until the Big Bang, all of the energy in the universe was concentrated in an extremely small point (smaller than a subatomic particle such as a nucleus). With an explosion, the hot and dense tiny particle then gave birth to the present-day universe, which grew from smaller than the nucleus of an atom to bigger than a galaxy. (Study.com. (n.d.) The Big Bang Theory: Explanation and evidence. Study.com)

From there, things started to shift until it became the world we know today, starting from...

Right after the Big Bang (13.8 billion years ago)

alejandrardz2022 — 2024-09-02 14:11:25 UTC

Immediately After the Big Bang, the universe was composed of fundamental particles such as quarks, electrons, photons, and neutrinos. During this time, the universe underwent a rapid expansion known as inflation, where space itself expanded exponentially. As the universe expanded, it cooled, allowing the formation of protons and neutrons. Approximately 380,000 years after the Big Bang, the universe's temperature cooled enough to allow the formation of neutral atoms, enabling light to travel freely through the cosmos, an event known as recombination.

Galaxy Formation Period (-14 to 9 Billion Years Ago)

alejandrardz2022 — 2024-09-02 14:14:17 UTC

Galaxies began to form shortly after the Big Bang. During the first billion years, irregularities in the distribution of gas in the universe were amplified by gravity, leading to the formation of the first stars and galaxies. There are two main theories about how galaxies formed: the "top-down" model, which suggests that large clouds of gas collapsed to form proto-galaxies, and the "hierarchical clustering" or "bottom-up" model, which proposes that galaxies grew from mergers of smaller structures. Current evidence supports the bottom-up model, which also involves the influence of dark matter and galactic mergers.

Formation of the Sun and the Solar System (-5 Billion Years Ago)

alejandrardz2022 — 2024-09-02 14:20:38 UTC

The Sun formed about 4.6 billion years ago from a giant cloud of gas and dust known as the solar nebula. In time, this cloud collapsed under its own gravity, and a protoplanetary disk formed, causing most of the material accumulated in the center to form the Sun. The Sun is located in the Orion Arm of the Milky Way, about 25,000 to 28,000 light-years from the galactic center.

Formation of the Earth, the Planets, and the Moon (4.5 Billion Years Ago)

alejandrardz2022 — 2024-09-02 14:22:35 UTC

The Earth and the other planets in the solar system formed from the protoplanetary disk surrounding the young Sun. Through a process called accretion, particles of dust and gas clumped together to form planetesimals, which eventually became planets. Earth formed approximately 4.54 billion years ago. The Moon formed shortly after, likely as a result of a giant impact between the proto-Earth and a Mars-sized body called Theia. This impact ejected material into space that eventually coalesced to form the Moon.

Bibliography

alejandrardz2022 — 2024-09-02 14:26:42 UTC

LCO Global. (n.d.). Early universe. LCO Global. Retrieved September 2, 2024, from https://lco.global/spacebook/cosmology/early-universe/?t&utm_source=perplexity
Kincaid, B. (2011, March 22). Big bang: 10 steps that explain the universe. Space.com. Retrieved September 2, 2024, from https://www.space.com/13320-big-bang-universe-10-steps-explainer.html
Gorman, M. (2004, August 24). The sun: Formation, facts, and characteristics. Space.com. Retrieved September 2, 2024, from https://www.space.com/58-the-sun-formation-facts-and-characteristics.html
National History Museum. (n.d.). How did the moon form?. Natural History Museum. Retrieved September 2, 2024, from https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/how-did-the-moon-form.html
NASA. (n.d.). How the moon formed. NASA. Retrieved September 2, 2024, from https://science.nasa.gov/moon/formation/
Wikipedia contributors. (2024, August 30). History of Earth. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved September 2, 2024, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Earth