https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7 DIRECTIONS: Follow the directions and use the research compiled below to develop a solution to your group's problem. Be creative! There are no "wrong" answers. Think like an environmental engineer! en-us 2018-04-24 20:52:45 UTC 2024-10-10 02:22:13 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/icons/Xmastree.png kbaker53 https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/255034122 Use the images and text on this webpage to help you formulate your ideas.]]> 2018-04-24 20:59:40 UTC https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/255034122 kbaker53 https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/255034277 Design a stream that integrates (include) multiple elements of habitat restoration. 

Some suggested configurations of your product could include, but are not limited to: 
1. a bird’s eye view (looking down) of part of a stream, or 
2. a cross-section (looking at eye level) of a stream. 

Include a key, or legend, that identifies and explains the key features of your solution.]]> 2018-04-24 21:00:30 UTC https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/255034277 kbaker53 https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/255034733 Use supplies such as recycled cardboard, scraps of paper, white glue, etc. to construct a model that shows your design. 

1/4 cup of gravel, 1/4 cup of soil and several sticks are available. 

• You may also choose to collect four (4) specimens from around campus (vegetation or soil). 
• Please be respectful when harvesting plants--only cut small pieces, leaves, and leave the plant in tact. 
• Specimens may be no longer than 3 inches. 
• Please search quietly, as other classes are in session. 2 groups out at a time. 

]]> 2018-04-24 21:02:50 UTC https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/255034733 kbaker53 https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/255714956 Bird's eye view of part of a stream that follows a pool/riffle sequence]]> 2018-04-26 16:02:30 UTC https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/255714956 kbaker53 https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/255715222 Bird's eye view of part of a stream that follows a pool/riffle sequence]]> 2018-04-26 16:02:59 UTC https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/255715222 kbaker53 https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/255715621 2018-04-26 16:03:51 UTC https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/255715621 kbaker53 https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/255717061 2018-04-26 16:06:34 UTC https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/255717061 kbaker53 https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/255717967 Concrete channel v. natural design]]> 2018-04-26 16:08:23 UTC https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/255717967 kbaker53 https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/255718439 2018-04-26 16:09:27 UTC https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/255718439 kbaker53 https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/255718615 In the past, people would strip the sides of creeks to remove all vegetation and wood to avoid flooding; however leaving this woody "debris" actually mimics natural conditions and provides habitat for steelhead. ]]> 2018-04-26 16:09:50 UTC https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/255718615 kbaker53 https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/255718741 2018-04-26 16:10:06 UTC https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/255718741 kbaker53 https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/255718926 Riffles are areas in a stream that have gravel for spawning (migrating) steelhead to lay their eggs. 

Riffles form in areas where the velocity of the stream changes from fast to slow, and heavy pieces of gravel sink and settle in to the streambed. 

Pea- to apple-sized gravel is best for laying eggs (spawning). ]]> 2018-04-26 16:10:31 UTC https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/255718926 kbaker53 https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/255719488 Redwood trees placed in creek to provide cover for fish to avoid threats and predators. Tree logs also change the flow of water by acting like natural "dams" to create slower moving pools for fish to live and grow. ]]> 2018-04-26 16:11:40 UTC https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/255719488 kbaker53 https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/255722883 2018-04-26 16:18:25 UTC https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/255722883 kbaker53 https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/255723226 2018-04-26 16:19:05 UTC https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/255723226 kbaker53 https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/255727003 2018-04-26 16:26:36 UTC https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/255727003 kbaker53 https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/255727173 In a flowing stream, a riffle-pool sequence develops as a stream's flow alternates from areas of shallow to deeper water.  This pattern looks like a winding, meandering series "S" shaped river.

Pools are present as a stream "meanders" or curves. Riffles are present in the straighter, shallow areas in between curves.

This is different than concrete channels, which are straight, flat, and uniform. In straight concrete channels, water tends to flow too fast for eggs to survive or for small juveniles to rear (grow).]]> 2018-04-26 16:26:53 UTC https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/255727173 kbaker53 https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/255729570 2018-04-26 16:31:19 UTC https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/255729570 kbaker53 https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/255729827 In the past, streams were lined with concrete in an effort to reduce flooding and move water faster for water supply. We have learned that concrete channels may not solve these problems, and also create a significant impact to ecosystems. Habitat restoration returns concrete channels to a more natural condition. ]]> 2018-04-26 16:31:53 UTC https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/255729827 kbaker53 https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/255733489 Woody debris can be any fallen logs, trees, sticks, low hanging vegetation in a stream. This provides hiding areas for steelhead to escape danger and predators. ]]> 2018-04-26 16:38:59 UTC https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/255733489 kbaker53 https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/257006406 Pools are areas with slower moving deep water. Pools are formed in areas where the stream curves, and the flow undercuts the bank. Pools can also form behind woody debris that acts as a "dam" and creates areas of deeper water.

Steelhead are a cold water species, so deep water provides cooler temperatures.  Juvenile steelhead spend their time growing and maturing (rearing) in the slow, deep, cool water of pools. ]]> 2018-05-01 19:03:56 UTC https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/257006406 kbaker53 https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/257439924 A riparian corridor is a special ecosystem called an "ecotone", which is like an ecosystem between different ecosystems. Riparian corridors have characteristics of both aquatic and terrestrial (land) ecosystems. It is a natural interface between land and streams, creeks, or rivers. 

Riparian areas border streams, and are characterized by native, hydrophylic ("Water-loving") plants, such as willows, oaks, redwoods, alders, buckeyes (trees), and other understory bushes. ]]> 2018-05-02 20:23:11 UTC https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/257439924 kbaker53 https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/257442284 2018-05-02 20:31:07 UTC https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/257442284 kbaker53 https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/257442636 2018-05-02 20:32:27 UTC https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/257442636 kbaker53 https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/257451393 2018-05-02 21:08:26 UTC https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/257451393 kbaker53 https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/257451526 2018-05-02 21:08:59 UTC https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/257451526 kbaker53 https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/257451591 2018-05-02 21:09:17 UTC https://padlet.com/kbaker53/x9mcd2zbbfi7/wish/257451591