When Wales struggled to retain its independence and identity in the face of the Anglo – Norman Conquest and subsequent English rule.

Were mainly the descendants of the Normans who ruled England following the Norman Conquest by William the conqueror.

The coming of the Anglo – Normans at the end of the 12^th century from the coast of west wales to the coast of south east Ireland initiated a long period of involvement of England with Ireland.

They were forced out to Wales and Scotland, while England. In Roman times, reached the country a relatively high cultural level. 

When the Roman Empire dissolution under 400s invaded England by various Germanic peoples, mainly the Angles and Saxons from German coastal areas. Roman culture was crushed completely, and England was Christianized from Ireland on 500s. The Romans called the British Isles for Britannia. It was the Celts who lived in the British Isles. They were divided into 30 different groups of which the most significant was the Belgians in the West, briganterna in the north, Silures in South Wales and icenier in eastern England. The Roman military and statesman Julius Caesar (100-44 f. Kr.) Landed twice at the Britannia years 55 f. Kr. and year 54 f. Kr. The purpose of the landings was to find allies who could prevent the Belgians, who had fled to Britannia, to cross the English Channel to the Roman province of Belgica.

The first roman invasion of Britannia was led by Julius Caesar at 55 BC and 54 BC.

The war continued until 43 BC when Emperor Claudius was into power. At the time of the roman invasions were the Celtic tribes at war with each other and had rivalries with one other.

That was a major factor in the war between the roman and the Britannic Celts.

The Vikings began plundering a region that later in the 800s AD will be called Normandy which lays in the north-western

part of modern day France. Relations between Normandy and England were getting worst at the end of 10th century. Normandy became a launching point for attacks on the Britannic coast and later a launch point for an full fletched invasion on Britannia.

The Norman conquest was an invasion of French, Breton and Norman (Viking) troops which was formed as an army led by Duke William the second and later by William the Conqueror.

The Normans were the Vikings who conquered Normandy and settled there.

William the conqueror was the first Norman ruler of England. He ruled from 1066 to the year 1087. He conquered England with his amazing fleet and defeated the previous king Klarald at the battle at Hastings. After he won the battle was he crowned as king on Christmas in the city of London and gained Papal recognition.