Unit 2 Padlet by Paige Remington https://padlet.com/paige337/x79yb0jf76epik1c en-us 2020-06-24 02:53:13 UTC 2020-06-24 03:44:07 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f913.png 1. The two divisions of the ANS and alternate names associated with each. paige337 https://padlet.com/paige337/x79yb0jf76epik1c/wish/638201246 Sympathetic (Adrenergic)
         &
Parasympathetic (Cholinergic)

Source: "Autonomic Nervous System- Part 1" (Slide 4)
]]> 2020-06-24 02:55:12 UTC https://padlet.com/paige337/x79yb0jf76epik1c/wish/638201246 2. The neurotransmitters for each division paige337 https://padlet.com/paige337/x79yb0jf76epik1c/wish/638202153 Sympathetic Neurotransmitters: 
Acetylcholine (ACH), Norepinephrine (NE), Epinephrine (Epi), & Dopamine (DA).

Parasympathetic Neurotransmitters:
Acetylcholine (ACH).

Sources: "Autonomic Nervous System- Part 1" (Slide 10)
& "Autonomic Nervous System- Part 2" (Slide 6)
]]> 2020-06-24 02:56:41 UTC https://padlet.com/paige337/x79yb0jf76epik1c/wish/638202153 3. The locations where each NT is released in each division of the ANS. paige337 https://padlet.com/paige337/x79yb0jf76epik1c/wish/638202566 Sympathetic
Acetylcholine (ACH)- Ganglia (at presynaptic nerve endings)
Norepinephrine (NE)- Postganglionic nerve endings
Epinephrine (Epi)- Acts on adrenergic receptors
Dopamine (DA)- Stimulates alpha, beta & dopaminergic receptors

Parasympathetic
Acetylcholine (ACH)- Ganglia & postganglionic nerve endings

Sources: "Autonomic Nervous System- Part 1" (Slide 10) & "Autonomic Nervous System- Part 2" (Slide 6)
]]> 2020-06-24 02:57:25 UTC https://padlet.com/paige337/x79yb0jf76epik1c/wish/638202566 4. The receptors of each division with main locations of each receptor. paige337 https://padlet.com/paige337/x79yb0jf76epik1c/wish/638204054 Sympathetic Receptors
Alpha 1- Located on glands, smooth muscles, eyes, most arteries & veins
Alpha 2- Located throughout the CNS
Beta 1- Located on the heart
Beta 2- Located on smooth muscle, lungs, uterus, skeletal muscle arteries & coronary arteries

Parasympathetic Receptors
Muscarinic- Located on cardiac, smooth muscle, and glands
Nicotinic 1 (Nn)- Located at ganglia of parasympathetic & sympathetic nerves (synapse)
Nicotinic 2 (Nm)- Located at somatic neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle

Source: "Autonomic Nervous System- Part 1" (Slide 15) & "Autonomic Nervous System- Part 2 (Slide 5).
]]> 2020-06-24 02:59:23 UTC https://padlet.com/paige337/x79yb0jf76epik1c/wish/638204054 5. The end organ responses that occur when each transmitter is stimulated. List the specific organ and state what response is generated in that organ when stimulated by each ANS division. paige337 https://padlet.com/paige337/x79yb0jf76epik1c/wish/638204745 Sympathetic end organ responses
Adrenal medulla- Release of epinephrine
Arteries- Vasoconstriction (except coronary & skeletal muscle arteries are dilated)
Heart- Increased HR, AV conduction & contractility 
Intestines- Decreased GI motility & secretions
Post ganglionic Neurotransmitter- Norepinephrine released
Pupil of the eye- Dilation (mydriasis)
Lower Respiratory Passages- Bronchodilation
Urinary Bladder- Relaxation
Urinary Sphincter- Contraction

Parasympathetic end organ responses
Arteries- Most arteries are not supplied by parasympathetic nerves
Heart- Decreased HR, AV conduction & slight decrease in contractility
Intestines- Increased GI motility & secretions
Postganglionic NT- Acetylcholine released
Pupil of the eye- Constriction (myosis)
Lower Respiratory Passages- Bronchoconstriction
Urinary Bladder- Contraction
Urinary Sphincter- Relaxation

Source: "Autonomic Nervous System- Part 1" (Slide 11) & "Autonomic Nervous System- Part 2" (Slide 3).
]]> 2020-06-24 03:00:28 UTC https://padlet.com/paige337/x79yb0jf76epik1c/wish/638204745 6. The drug classifications for each division of the ANS. Under each classification, identify which receptors are interacted with, then include the action that occurs. paige337 https://padlet.com/paige337/x79yb0jf76epik1c/wish/638205450 Sympathetic 
Alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonists:

  • Alpha-1 receptor stimulated; Contraction of smooth muscle, blood vessels constrict, increases BP, vasoconstriction of nasal passages (decongestant effect).

Adrenergic Agonists:

  • Stimulates all Alpha & Beta receptors; Vasopressor-vasoconstriction, Increases BP (Alpha 1), Cardiac stimulant (Beta 1) & Bronchodilator (Beta 2).

Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blockers:

  • Binds to alpha-1 receptors & blocks them; Relaxation of smooth muscle, vasodilation (decreases BP), relaxes smooth muscle of ureters to increase urine flow. 

Beta-1 Adrenergic Agonists:

-> Low dose- Stimulates dopaminergic (d-1) receptors in kidneys; vasodilation & increased renal blood flow
-> Moderate dose- Stimulates beta-1 receptors (heart); Increased force of contraction & cardiac output
-> High dose- Stimulates alpha-1 receptors; Vasoconstriction (Increased BP).

Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonists:

  • Stimulates beta-2 receptors; Relaxation of smooth muscle of lungs (bronchodilation) & relaxation of smooth muscle of uterus

Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Drugs:

> Selective Beta-1 Blockers
  • Blocks beta-1 receptor (antagonizes beta-1 effect of NE and EPI); decreased force of contraction (negative ionotropic), decreased cardiac output (which results in decreased BP),  decreased HR (negative chronotropic), decreased conduction (negative dromotropic)

> Non-Selective Beta Blockers
  • Blocks beta-1 and beta-2 receptors; decreases force of contraction, cardiac output & BP, HR, & conduction. Can cause bronchoconstriction. 

Parasympathetic

Cholinergics/Parasympathomimetics:

> Direct-acting Cholinergic Agonists
  • Directly stimulate/bind to muscarinic receptors; mimics ACH

>Indirect-acting Cholinergic Agonists
  • Inhibits acetylcholinesterase (the enzyme that destroys ACH at the synapse); increases ACH

Anticholinergics/Parasympatholytics:
  • Bind to cholinergic receptor; acts as a blocking drug (competitive antagonism).

Sources: "Autonomic Nervous System- Part 1" (Slides 19-26) & "Autonomic Nervous System- Part 2" (Slides 9-15).
]]> 2020-06-24 03:01:32 UTC https://padlet.com/paige337/x79yb0jf76epik1c/wish/638205450 7. The specific drug examples found on your drug list under each drug classification paige337 https://padlet.com/paige337/x79yb0jf76epik1c/wish/638207394 Alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonists: ephedrine, phenylephrine (Neo-SynephrineⓇ)
 
Adrenergic Agonists: epinephrine (AdrenalinⓇ)
Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blockers: prazosin (MinipressⓇ), terazosin (HytrinⓇ), doxazosin (CarduraⓇ)

Beta-1 Adrenergic Agonist: dobutamine
 
Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonist: formoterol (ForadilⓇ), albuterol (Proventil(/VentolinⓇ), terbutaline (BrethineⓇ)
 
Beta Blockers:
  • Nonselective: nadolol (CorgardⓇ), propranolol (InderolⓇ), timolol (BlocadrenⓇ)
  • Selective: atenolol (TenorminⓇ), metoprolol (LopressorⓇ)
 
Direct Acting Cholinergic Agonist: acetylcholine, pilocarpine (PilocarⓇ), bethanechol (UrecholineⓇ)

Indirect Acting Cholinergic Agents: neostigmine (ProstigminⓇ)
 
Anticholinergic: atropine, dicyclomine (BentylⓇ)
 
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants:
  • Peripherally Acting
   Depolarizing Agent: succinylcholine
   Non-depolarizing Agent: rocuronium bromide (ZemuronⓇ)
   Direct Acting: dantrolene (DantriumⓇ)
  • Centrally Acting                           cyclobenzaprine (FlexerilⓇ), carisoprodol (SomaⓇ), methocarbamol (RobaxinⓇ), orphenadrine citrate (NorflexⓇ), chlorzoxazone  (Parafon Forte DSCⓇ), metaxalone (SkelaxinⓇ)

Source: "Master Drug List-Unit 2"
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