Hepatitis C by Nicholas Aparicio https://padlet.com/210749/x6bpj6vde24p By Nicholas Aparicio & Vie Meyers en-us 2019-03-10 16:12:33 UTC 2024-05-24 14:33:05 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/363613784/e68727eca7093ed883ee387fbefc5aed/Hepatitus_C_e_microscope.jpg Image of Hepatitis C 210749 https://padlet.com/210749/x6bpj6vde24p/wish/339724639 An electron microscope picture of hepatitis C
Link]]> 2019-03-10 19:26:44 UTC https://padlet.com/210749/x6bpj6vde24p/wish/339724639 HCV symptoms 210749 https://padlet.com/210749/x6bpj6vde24p/wish/339727705 Symptoms for acute HCV infection: 
  • Nausea
  • Fever
  • Jaundice (yellow skin)
  • Muscle aches
  • Symptoms may not appear
Symptoms for chronic HCV infection:
  • Symptoms caused by liver damage
  • Bleeding/bruising easily
  • Poor appetite
  • Weight loss
  • Fatigue
  • Jaundice
]]> 2019-03-10 19:49:23 UTC https://padlet.com/210749/x6bpj6vde24p/wish/339727705 Hepatitis C Overview 210749 https://padlet.com/210749/x6bpj6vde24p/wish/339729414  Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a virus  that causes inflammation of the liver. 

]]> 2019-03-10 20:01:37 UTC https://padlet.com/210749/x6bpj6vde24p/wish/339729414 HCV Transmission 210749 https://padlet.com/210749/x6bpj6vde24p/wish/339729499 Transmission: HCV can spread through infected blood, from mother to child, and sexually (although, the latter two are typically considered rare). It can spread to people without them knowing due to symptoms not always appearing.

]]> 2019-03-10 20:02:20 UTC https://padlet.com/210749/x6bpj6vde24p/wish/339729499 HCV complications 210749 https://padlet.com/210749/x6bpj6vde24p/wish/339729657 Cirrhosis (liver scarring) may lead to poor liver function.
HCV may cause liver cancer
Severe liver damage from HCV may lead to live failure]]> 2019-03-10 20:03:32 UTC https://padlet.com/210749/x6bpj6vde24p/wish/339729657 Vaccine for HCV? 210749 https://padlet.com/210749/x6bpj6vde24p/wish/339730154 No vaccine currently exists, but research is being done
Source for all connected posts:]]> 2019-03-10 20:07:41 UTC https://padlet.com/210749/x6bpj6vde24p/wish/339730154 Disease statistics 210749 https://padlet.com/210749/x6bpj6vde24p/wish/339730388 Approximately 71 million people have the chronic form of the disease
399,000 people die from the disease every year
60-80% of those infected have the chronic disease
15-30% risk of cirrhosis within 20 years
Can be treated with antivirals and cured, but people may not be diagnosed or have access]]> 2019-03-10 20:09:19 UTC https://padlet.com/210749/x6bpj6vde24p/wish/339730388 Hepatitis C history 210749 https://padlet.com/210749/x6bpj6vde24p/wish/339766158 A virus very similar to the HCV virus has been found in horses (linked), so that is a possibility for where the virus may have jumped species. However, HPV has been too long for its origin to be identified. As early as 400 BC, an epidemic of jaundice described by Hippocrates is theorized to have been caused by Hepatitis. HCV was only distinguished in the year 1975, and blood supplies were only checked for it as late as 1992. FDA approved anti-viral drug treatments in 1998.]]> 2019-03-11 00:17:47 UTC https://padlet.com/210749/x6bpj6vde24p/wish/339766158 Hepatitis C Structure 2101805 https://padlet.com/210749/x6bpj6vde24p/wish/340210405 DNA or RNA?
HCV is a single-strand RNA virus.

Are there any enzymes transmitted with the virus?
Yes! Glycoproteins E1 and E2 are especially insidious because they protect the virus from the immune system. They even act as a back-up system for each other because E2 protects E1 from the immune system. 

Is there a protein capsid?
There is a protein capsid, but not much is known about it due to HCV's complex structure and processes.

Is there a second layer or a tegument protein layer?
No. 

Is there an envelope lipid bilayer?
Yes. This is where the E1 and E2 glycoproteins are stored prior to infection.


]]> 2019-03-12 00:37:21 UTC https://padlet.com/210749/x6bpj6vde24p/wish/340210405 Mortality Rate 2101805 https://padlet.com/210749/x6bpj6vde24p/wish/340220976 Though it has no vaccine, Hepatitis C is generally a livable disease if treatment can be administered. However, in certain areas of the world, treatment and diagnosis can be difficult to access due to war, lack of a medical community, and poverty.

The most infected populations are Eastern Europe (1.5%) and the Mediterranean (2.3%). Prevalence in other regions is typically 0.5%-1%.

Specific populations, like those who share needles for illegal drugs, have much higher prevalence due to risky behavior. ]]> 2019-03-12 01:24:52 UTC https://padlet.com/210749/x6bpj6vde24p/wish/340220976 Hosts 2101805 https://padlet.com/210749/x6bpj6vde24p/wish/340223038 Who is at risk?
  • People who had blood transfusions, or organ donations before June 1992. This is when screening for HCV started.
  • Health care workers who suffer needle-stick accidents.
  • Drug users who share needles
  • Infants born to HCV mothers.

HCV doesn't discriminate; it is opportunistic and will attack anyone who comes in contact.
]]> 2019-03-12 01:32:20 UTC https://padlet.com/210749/x6bpj6vde24p/wish/340223038