Medical treatment in ER by Anna Niskanen https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8 By Laurea degree students in Nursing en-us 2018-10-25 12:58:34 UTC 2018-11-29 12:36:27 UTC hello@padlet.com Medical treatment niskanan https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/296906316 Give generic names and dosages. Also, give examples of trade names (mark it with ® to make it clear for others). What route do you usually use to give the medication? Is it a course or a single dose? 
Are there any side-effects?]]> 2018-10-25 13:02:43 UTC https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/296906316 Symptoms niskanan https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/296906456 Name the symptoms shortly. Who are the people who usually have this condition? ]]> 2018-10-25 13:03:00 UTC https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/296906456 Diagnostic niskanan https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/296906697 2018-10-25 13:03:27 UTC https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/296906697 Symptoms & Causes https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/297890429
  • heart related e.g. angina, pericarditis, aortic dissection, myocarditis infaction 
  • digestion causes e.g. gastroesophageal, gaubladder stones
  • mussel and bone causes eg. sprains and strains, bone fractures 
  • lung related eg. pneumonia, pneumothorax, lung cancer 
    • Other causes
    • Shingles
    • panic attack

    All organs and tissues in chest area can be the cause of chest pain, but each condition has their own characteristics. 
    ]]>     2018-10-29 07:12:44 UTC https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/297890429     Diagnostic https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/297890453 Immediate tests:
    •  ECG
    • Blood tests
    • Chest X-ray
    • CT-scan 
    • Auscultation heart and lungs

    Follow up testing
    • Stress test
    • Coronary catheterisation
    • CT-scan
    • Angiogram
    ]]>     2018-10-29 07:12:55 UTC https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/297890453     Medication treatment and surgical treatment https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/297890464 Medication depends on the underlying reason for chest pain. 

    Medication for the acute coronary artery attack:
    • artery relaxes e.g nitroglycerin i.v./p.o.
    • aspirin 250-500 mg p.o. chewing
    • Pain killers when needed: eg. morphin/oxycodone i.v.
    • Betablocker i.v. (eg meroprolol) if the patient has high P/BP

    Based on the underlying cause:
    • acid suppressing medication
    • antidepressants
    • antacids
    • antibiotics e.g. zinachef, meropenem
    • diuretics e.g. Furosemide (furesis)
    • muscle relaxants

    Surgical treatment (only in severe cases) 
    • Angioplasty and stent placement
    • Bypass surgery 
    • Dissection repair 
    • Lung reinflation
    ]]>     2018-10-29 07:12:59 UTC https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/297890464     Diagnostic https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/297890566 - Physical examination and review of medical history,
    - Peak flow test,
    -Spirometry,
    - FeNO test,
    - Allergy test,
    - Bronchial challenge test (direct challenge test)

    ]]>     2018-10-29 07:13:35 UTC https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/297890566     Symptoms https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/297890744 Tremors, hallucination, Shivering, Agitation, Sweating, pale skin, fever, fear, confusion, fatigue, nightmares, Palpitation. ]]> 2018-10-29 07:14:30 UTC https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/297890744 An inability of the heart to pump an adequate amount of blood to the body's need. https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/297890816 2018-10-29 07:14:54 UTC https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/297890816 Symptoms: https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/297890872 1. Chest pain while coughing or breathing
    2. Confusion or changes in mental awareness
    3. Fatigue
    4. Fever, shaking and shaking
    5. Nausea, vomiting or diarrhea
    6. Shortness of breath
    7. Lower body temperature than normal ( in adults >65 or people with weak immune system )


    ]]>     2018-10-29 07:15:12 UTC https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/297890872     Diagnostic https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/297890942 - Physical examination including auscultation of lungs sound
    - Blood test (complete blood count, blood culture) to identify infection
    - Chest x-ray
    - Sputum test
    - Arterial blood gas test]]>     2018-10-29 07:15:31 UTC https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/297890942     Medical treatment https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/297890981 -Penicillin:  Amoxicillin® 750 mg-1 g p.o. (children: 15mg/kg; maximum 500mg) orally every 8 hours for 5 -7 days at home OR Cefuroxime® 1,5 g x 3-4 i.v. in hospital care. Side effects include e.g. diarrhea, nausea and vomiting.
    Antibiotic course can be finished when the patients has not had fever for minimum 2-3 days)
    -Bronchodilators: Salbutamol, short/long acting, side-effects include e.g. nausea, muscle cramps, dry mouth.
    -NSAIDs: Burana. Side effects include e.g. abdominal pain and diarrhea.
    -Oxygen therapy
    -IV-fluids]]>     2018-10-29 07:15:50 UTC https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/297890981     Symptoms https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/297891080 Shortness of breath 
    Chest pain or tightness 
    Difficulty in sleeping 
    Coughing or wheezing attacks
    Increasing difficulty in breathing
    Feeling tired]]>     2018-10-29 07:16:31 UTC https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/297891080     Symptoms https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/297891141 For the left sided heart failure:
    -Restlessness
    -Confusion
    -Orthopnea
    -Tachycardia
    -Dyspnea
    -Cyanosis
    -Cough
    -Crackles
    - Blood tinged sputum
    Right sided heart failure:
    - Distended jugular veins
    - Anorexia and complaints of GI distress
    - Swollen hands and fingers
    - Dependent edema
    - Fatigue
    -  Enlarged liver and spleen]]>     2018-10-29 07:16:47 UTC https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/297891141     Diagnostic https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/297891635 -Blood-magnesium level, 
    -ECG, 
    -Blood-phosphate level, 
    -EEG, Toxicology screen,
    -Comprehensive metabolic panel. ]]>     2018-10-29 07:20:10 UTC https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/297891635     Medical Treatment vannesa_segercrantz https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/297891955  Long-term asthma control medications:
    Short acting asthma control inhalated medication (bronchodilatators)
    ex.Ventoline®- salbutamol
         Ipramol® - ipratropium
     Inhaled corticosteroids.
    ex:  Symbicort®/Pulmicort Flexhaler® (budesonid) OR Formotelor easyhaler® (formoterol) to treat the inflammation
    - Leukotriene modifiers
    ex: Montelukast p.o.

    If this medication is not enough, also cortison-medication p.o. can be possible.

    Common side effects:
    -    bad for the teeth
    -allergic reaction might appear
    -shaking and trembling of arms and feet
    - stomach pain
    - chest tightness
    -Inhalated drugs don't have many side-effects since they affect locally.
    Administration:
    - delivered by inhalation or oral
    ]]>     2018-10-29 07:22:16 UTC https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/297891955     Diagnostic https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/297892087
    Saturation, Blood gas analysis, 
    Chest Xray to check the condition of the heart and lungs, ECG, echocardiogram to see the image of the heart, CT scan,
    Blood test to check for the signs of disease (P-BNP), Coronary angiogram 


    ]]>     2018-10-29 07:22:50 UTC https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/297892087     Medical Treatment https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/297892574 -Sedatives to calm agitation and treat anxiety: diatzepam (Diapam® 10-20 mg p.o. every 1-2 hours until the patients calms down or sleeps OR ad maximumdosage 200 mg/day. Monitor respiration rate + orientation.
    -B-vitamin (tiamin: Neuramin®) 250 mg dosage 1x1 i.m./i.v. for three days (prevents Wernickes enkefalopatia)
    -Anticonvulsants to prevent or stop seizures (Carbamazebine®, first dosage starts from 100 mg/day p.o.).
    -Intravenous fluids. 
    Other treatment-methods
    -Supportive care (mental treatment),  
    -treatment for other alcohol-related conditions, 
    -antipsychotic medications to prevent hallucinations. 
    -Stop drinking. 

    ]]>     2018-10-29 07:25:32 UTC https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/297892574     Medical Treatment https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/297892982 In Acute care:
    Vasodilators like ACE inhibitors, decrease the work load of the heart (Enalapril->5 mg /day)
    Side-effects: Dry cough, fatigue, Hyperkalemia, dizziness, loss of taste, headache.

    Diuretics (Lasix® 20-80 mg / day p.o., in ER furosemidi i.v. eg 20-40 mg i.v.)
    Side-effects: headache, dizziness, muscle cramps, thirst, low sodium level, high potassium level)

    In chronic phase ACE-blockers+diuretics AND:
    Beta blockers (Bisoprolol-> 2.5 mg/ day)
    -Side-effects: slow heart beat, diarrhea, dizziness, SOB, swelling

    Digoxin to increase the strength of the heart (400-600 mcg as initial dose and 125-500 mcg as maintenance dose)
    Overdose of Digoxin may cause POISONING, symptoms of Digoxin poisoning: nausea, vomiting, swelling of the lips/ face, dizziness. 

    Route of administration: ORAL

    ]]>     2018-10-29 07:27:25 UTC https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/297892982     Side effects https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/297895429 -Hypotonia (Diazepam-for alcohol withdrawal)]]> 2018-10-29 07:39:04 UTC https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/297895429 Medication side effects https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/297898337
    • headache
    • diarrhea
    • constipation
    • fatigue
    • rash / redness / itch
    ]]>     2018-10-29 07:54:21 UTC https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/297898337     Medical treatment https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/300074394 Antibiotic like Amoxicillin for eliminate H.Pylori bacteria. 750mg - 1g / 12 h. p.o.

    Omeprazole: blocks the acid production and help healing. 20 mg p.o.

    Ranitidine or Cimetidine: decrease the acid production. 
    • Ranitidine: 300 mg p.o. / i.v.
    • Cimetidine 800 mg p.o. / i.v.

    Antiacids: neutralize stomach acid.

    Sucralfate or Misoprostol: protect the lining of the stomach and small bowel. 
    • Sucralfate: 1g /4 times per day. 1h before eating. p.o. 
    • Misoprostol: 200mcg /4 times per day. p.o.




    ]]>     2018-11-03 15:21:11 UTC https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/300074394     Diagnostic https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/300077616 To diagnose a gastric ulcer, the best way is through the gastroscopic procedure. 

    This consists of a flexible tube that has a built-in camera, so that you can see clearly the walls of the stomach and duodenum. It allows us to know the location, size, shape and presence of other associated lesions.

    Other test that can be used for the diagnostic is:
    - biopsies through the gastroscope.
    - presence of Helicobacter pylori, bacteria.

    ]]>     2018-11-03 15:50:28 UTC https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/300077616     Causes laritapardo1998 https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/300203264 Occur when the thick wall or layer of mucus that protects the stomach from digestive juices is reduced and is due to:

    • Genetic factor
    • Use of medication that afects gastric wall defences. For example nonesteriodal antinflamatory drugs (NAIDS): aspirin, ibuprofen
    • Infection from helicobacter pylori, which weakens the protective barrier
    • Excess use of alcohol
    • Stress
    • Zollinger-ellison syndrome: increase body production of acid]]>     2018-11-04 16:30:40 UTC https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/300203264     Side effects https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/300508365 The side effects of the medication for gastric ulcer are:
    - Nausea
    - Dizziness
    - Headaches
    - Diarrhea
    - Abdominal pain

    ]]>     2018-11-05 15:08:04 UTC https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/300508365     Symptoms https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/300885678 -Strong abdominal pain that gets worse when eating or drining.
    -Sickness, vomiting, headache.
    -Bleeding in the wall of the stomach that makes the appearance of dark feces.
    -Heartburn in the middle of the abdomen.
    -Feeling of fullness.]]>     2018-11-06 10:04:53 UTC https://padlet.com/niskanan/x4abqq098ck8/wish/300885678