ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE CELLS- TEAM by JUAN DIEGO HINOSTROZA SOLANO

ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE CELLS- TEAM by JUAN DIEGO HINOSTROZA SOLANO https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f Hecho con ausencia total de remordimientos en-us 2021-04-06 15:09:29 UTC 2023-04-12 17:52:57 UTC hello@padlet.com Cell Part juanhinostrozas https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1387618050 2021-04-06 15:13:07 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1387618050 Function juanhinostrozas https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1387658556 2021-04-06 15:20:56 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1387658556 Image/Micrographs juanhinostrozas https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1387662062 2021-04-06 15:21:39 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1387662062 Nucleus juanhinostrozas https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1391286262 2021-04-07 13:14:11 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1391286262 Mitochondrion juanhinostrozas https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1391300471 2021-04-07 13:16:57 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1391300471 Golgi apparatus juanhinostrozas https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1393405933 2021-04-07 21:12:46 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1393405933 juanhinostrozas https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1407446450 Mitochondrion in rat hepatocyte]]> 2021-04-12 14:11:18 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1407446450 Cells diagram juanhinostrozas https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1407455810 2021-04-12 14:12:56 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1407455810 juanhinostrozas https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1407994718 Plant (algae) cell golgi apparatus]]> 2021-04-12 15:46:19 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1407994718 Rough Endoplasmic reticulum marianoserra https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408008903 2021-04-12 15:48:47 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408008903 prokaryotic cell camilarodriguezm https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408048592 (click for better sight)]]> 2021-04-12 15:55:46 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408048592 animal cell camilarodriguezm https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408065070 (click for better sight)

]]> 2021-04-12 15:58:50 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408065070 Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum marianoserra https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408069116 2021-04-12 15:59:37 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408069116 Lysosomes marianoserra https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408079100 2021-04-12 16:01:30 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408079100 marianoserra https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408082516 A lysosome is a membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes. Lysosomes are involved with various cell processes. They break down excess or worn-out cell parts. They may be used to destroy invading viruses and bacteria. Extracellular materials to be degraded in the lysosome are brought into the cell by either pinocytosis or phagocytosis. Pinocytosis, which occurs in all eukaryotic cells, is the internalization of extracellular fluid and small macromolecules by means of small vesicles that pinch off the inside of the plasma membrane.]]> 2021-04-12 16:02:07 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408082516 Centrosomes marianoserra https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408086677 2021-04-12 16:02:51 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408086677 Centrioles https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408095901 2021-04-12 16:04:25 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408095901 andreavizcardo https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408099965 Mitochondria are membrane-bound cells that are the main source of energy in the cell which is needed for its biochemical reactions. Furthermore, the energy produced by the mitochondria is stored on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) which are small molecules. Also, they are present in eukaryotic cells but aren't present in prokaryotic cells.
Also it's to consider that the programmed cell death, also called Apoptosis, generally begins from mitochondria. Other specialized functions include apoptosis, controlling the cell cycle, cell growth and detoxifying ammonia in the liver cells.]]> 2021-04-12 16:05:06 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408099965 https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408100361 A centriole is a barrel-shaped organelle composed of microtubes that usually live within the centrosome, and it is found near the nucleus as its main function is to aid the cell division of chromosomes in the nucleus. Furthermore, they can help to organize microtubules that serve as the cell's skeletal system, also they help to determine the locations of organelles in the cells. Moreover, they aid in the process of ciliogenesis which is the formation of cilia and flagella. Centrioles are found in Eukaryotic cells, nevertheless, some plant cells such as high plants do not have them. Also, centrioles are not present in prokaryotic cells.

Genome. (n.d.-a). Centriole. Genome.Gov. Retrieved April 12, 2021, from https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Centriole#:%7E:text=Centrioles%20are%20paired%20barrel%2Dshaped,other%20organelles%20within%20the%20cell.]]> 2021-04-12 16:05:10 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408100361 Ribosomes 80s and 70s marianoserra https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408102500 2021-04-12 16:05:32 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408102500 marianoserra https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408110836 Ribosomes 80s and 70s main function are to translate RNA into a polypeptide chain amid protein synthesis. Also, they play a key role in the catalysis of peptidyl transfer and peptidyl hydrolysis in both Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells. Ribosomes 80s are only present in eukaryotic cells, and they are found in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, they have 4 molecules of RNA and were synthesized in the nucleus. Furthermore, they have subunits of small 40s and large 60s. Meanwhile, Ribosomes 70s are found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. They are found in the cytoplasm in prokaryotic cells, whereas in eukaryotic cells they are found in cell organelles such as mitochondria. It has 3 molecules of RNA and has subunits of small 30s and large 50s.
B. (n.d.). Specialized Internal Structures of Prokaryotes | Boundless Microbiology. Lume Learning. Retrieved April 12, 2021, from https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-microbiology/chapter/specialized-internal-structures-of-prokaryotes/]]> 2021-04-12 16:07:00 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408110836 Vacuole marianoserra https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408115299 2021-04-12 16:07:49 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408115299 marianoserra https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408128249 Vacuoles are organelles found only in eukaryotic cells, they are not found on prokaryotic cells as they are membrane-bound organelles. Vacuoles consist of a single membrane with fluid inside. The main function of vacuoles is to hold different molecules or substances, like the storage of the cell. In animal cells, vacuoles are relatively small but are numerous, their main function is to assist in the processes of endocytosis and exocytosis. In plant cells, there is one big vacuole that may be able to cover up to 90% of the cell and its main function is to maintain the water balance. Furthermore, it stores salts, minerals, nutrients, proteins, pigments, helps in plant growth, and plays an important structural role for the plant. Also, the vacuole is filled with water and it exerts significant pressure against the cell wall which helps to maintain the structural integrity of the plant as well as the support from the cell wall.]]> 2021-04-12 16:09:59 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408128249 Cell wall marianoserra https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408131771 2021-04-12 16:10:36 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408131771 juanhinostrozas https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408479213 Cell cancer nucleus]]> 2021-04-12 17:12:36 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408479213 Chloroplast https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408479887 2021-04-12 17:12:42 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408479887 andreavizcardo https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408516905 The nucleus controls activities in the cell such as metabolism and growth; not only the nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear envelope but also it stores the genes which contain hereditary information in order to make proteins. Moreover, nucleoli are smaller bodies seen inside the nucleus. Also with the nucleolus, (where ribossomes are made) and separated from the rest of the cell by a nuclear membrane. However, the nucleus, nucleoli, and nuclear envelope are only present in eukaryotic cells not in prokaryotic cells from where, eukaryotes wrap their DNA around proteins called histones to help package the DNA into smaller spaces, most prokaryotes do not have histones (with the exception of those species in the domain Archaea).]]> 2021-04-12 17:19:22 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408516905 camilaperi https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408529071 Cilia are only found in eukaryotic cells, they are a whip-like structure that protects the cell surface, like the flagella. Moreover, they are found in animal cells but some plant cells such as high plants do not have cilia. It contains a ring of nine double microtubules plus two central ones. Cilia's main function is the locomotion of the cell, they can also be used to create a current in the fluid of the cell. Cilia have a rhythmic waving or beating motion. Also, their function is the movement of the cell itself, or of other substances and objects past the cell. For instance, some organisms known as ciliates, depend on cilia for the movement of the complete cell. Also, they work, for instance, to keep the airways clear of mucus and dirt, allowing us to breathe easily and without irritation.]]> 2021-04-12 17:21:35 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408529071 Cilia camilaperi https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408536800 2021-04-12 17:22:56 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408536800 Cytoplasm https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408548850 2021-04-12 17:25:06 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408548850 andreavizcardo https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408561013 The Golgi apparatus are organelles made up of a series of flattened stacked pouches called cisternae only found in eukaryotic cells. It is located in the cytoplasm and near the cell nucleus as well as the endoplasmic reticulum. Also, plant cells contain hundreds of several types of Golgi apparatus while animal cells contain usually one. Its main function is helping in processing and packaging proteins and lipid molecules especially the ones that are going to be exported from the cell.]]> 2021-04-12 17:27:17 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408561013 Plasma membrane https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408584740 2021-04-12 17:31:41 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408584740 Videos juanhinostrozas https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408616393 2021-04-12 17:37:36 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408616393 marianoserra https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408634515 2021-04-12 17:40:50 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408634515 andreavizcardo https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408640215 The Rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) is an organelle only found in eukaryotic cells. They are made up of cisternae and ribosomes. Their main function is to synthesize protein for secretion from the cell; proteins that are synthesized are passed through the cisternae and then carried by vesicles to the Golgi Apparatus. In Eukaryotic cells, almost 50% of the surface consists of ERs and is the cell's largest organelle.]]> 2021-04-12 17:41:51 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408640215 marianoserra https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408646438 2021-04-12 17:42:55 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408646438 marianoserra https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408652898 2021-04-12 17:44:05 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408652898 marianoserra https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408658773 2021-04-12 17:45:02 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408658773 Pili https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408659618 2021-04-12 17:45:11 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408659618 Plasmid https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408675322 2021-04-12 17:48:11 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408675322 andreavizcardo https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408678225 The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER) is a membranous organelle found in the majority of eukaryotic cells which has many enzymes on its surface. Their functions are the synthesis o lipids, steroid hormones, detoxification of harmful byproducts, and storage of calcium ions in the cell.

]]> 2021-04-12 17:48:44 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408678225 plant cell camilarodriguezm https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408679783 (click for better sight)]]> 2021-04-12 17:49:01 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408679783 https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408683310 Plasmids which are small circular DNA are present in prokaryotic cells and sometimes on eukaryotic cells such as fungi and higher plants. Its main function is that it contains genes that enhance the survival of the organism, for example, it can have the genes to produce toxins so the cell can be defended. Also, plasmids are small so usually, they only contain a few genes for a specific function. Moreover, several plasmids can coexist at the same time but each which different functions. For instance, in prokaryotic cells plasmids can help the process of replication in bacteria.]]> 2021-04-12 17:49:43 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408683310 https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408691100 References:

- Allott, A., & Mindorff, D. (2014). IB Biology Course Book: 2014 Edition: Oxford IB Diploma Program (2014 ed.). Oxford University Press.

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- Genome. (n.d.). Mitochondria. Genome.Gov. Retrieved April 12, 2021, from https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Mitochondria#:%7E:text=Mitochondria%20are%20membrane-bound%20cell,called%20adenosine%20triphosphate%20(ATP).

^-BD Editors. (2019, April 8). Plasmid. Biology Dictionary. https://biologydictionary.net/plasmid/

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- Genome. (n.d.-c). Plasma Membrane (Cell Membrane). Genome.Gov. Retrieved April 12, 2021, from https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Plasma-Membrane#:%7E:text=The%20plasma%20membrane%2C%20or%20the,substances%20out%20of%20the%20cell.

- Rogers, K. (n.d.). smooth endoplasmic reticulum | Definition, Structure, & Function. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved April 12, 2021, from https://www.britannica.com/science/smooth-endoplasmic-reticulum

]]> 2021-04-12 17:51:12 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408691100 marianoserra https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408702473 2021-04-12 17:53:23 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408702473 Circular DNA https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408705713 2021-04-12 17:54:02 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408705713 marianoserra https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408709815 2021-04-12 17:54:49 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408709815 marianoserra https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408724421 2021-04-12 17:57:32 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408724421 marianoserra https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408729323 2021-04-12 17:58:29 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408729323 marianoserra https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408735677 2021-04-12 17:59:45 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408735677 marianoserra https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408741047 2021-04-12 18:00:46 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408741047 marianoserra https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408748193 2021-04-12 18:02:06 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408748193 marianoserra https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408751694 2021-04-12 18:02:48 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408751694 marianoserra https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408791337 2021-04-12 18:10:30 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408791337 camilaperi https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408791660 2021-04-12 18:10:34 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408791660 marianoserra https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408795123 2021-04-12 18:11:15 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408795123 marianoserra https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408801303 2021-04-12 18:12:29 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408801303 Flagella camilaperi https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408813722 2021-04-12 18:14:50 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408813722 marianoserra https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408817244 2021-04-12 18:15:30 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408817244 marianoserra https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408827287 2021-04-12 18:17:26 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408827287 marianoserra https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408834097 2021-04-12 18:18:46 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408834097 marianoserra https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408843467 2021-04-12 18:20:33 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408843467 Ribosomes smaller (70s) camilaperi https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408884953 2021-04-12 18:29:03 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408884953 camilaperi https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408934365 2021-04-12 18:39:35 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1408934365 juanhinostrozas https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1409244355 2021-04-12 19:57:20 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1409244355 juanhinostrozas https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1409252664 2021-04-12 19:59:43 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1409252664 Rough ER of a neuron cell camilarodriguezm https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1412173091 2021-04-13 14:32:42 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1412173091 Smooth ER of a liver cell camilarodriguezm https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1412199316 2021-04-13 14:37:30 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1412199316 Lysosome of a human plasma cell camilarodriguezm https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1412220694 2021-04-13 14:41:34 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1412220694 andreavizcardo https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1412221459 Centrosomes are celullars structures involded in the process of cell division. Proteins named microtubules assemble a spindle between them to help them separate the replicated chromosomes into the daughter cells. They serve to direct the movements of microtubules and other cytoskeletal structures and proteins, ultimately allowing large changes to the shapes of animal cell membranes.]]> 2021-04-13 14:41:43 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1412221459 Mouse obiduct cilia juanhinostrozas https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1412223823 2021-04-13 14:42:09 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1412223823 Chloroplast of wild - type weath juanhinostrozas https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1412227867 2021-04-13 14:42:51 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1412227867 camilaperi https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1412227888 2021-04-13 14:42:52 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1412227888 EM of mesangial cell plasma membrane mariaalcantarar https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1412233301 2021-04-13 14:43:49 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1412233301 Portion of type 2 cell cytoplasm juanhinostrozas https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1412235062 2021-04-13 14:44:08 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1412235062 Electron micrograph of flagella camilaperi https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1412238122 2021-04-13 14:44:44 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1412238122 Centrosomes of a human breast tumor camilarodriguezm https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1412240946 2021-04-13 14:45:14 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1412240946 Centriole of an epithelial cell (rat) camilarodriguezm https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1412260790 2021-04-13 14:48:52 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1412260790 Vacuole in a plant cell camilarodriguezm https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1412313811 2021-04-13 14:58:35 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1412313811 Cell wall in a leaf camilarodriguezm https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1412336212 2021-04-13 15:02:40 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1412336212 juanhinostrozas https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1412337795 2021-04-13 15:02:59 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1412337795 juanhinostrozas https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1412343672 2021-04-13 15:04:04 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1412343672 Pili in Agrobacterium tumefaciens juanhinostrozas https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1412347751 2021-04-13 15:04:49 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1412347751 Plasmid DNA cloning vitro cell juanhinostrozas https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1412358825 2021-04-13 15:06:42 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1412358825 juanhinostrozas https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1412418169 2021-04-13 15:17:24 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1412418169 juanhinostrozas https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1412422590 2021-04-13 15:18:16 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1412422590 Reticolocyte ribosomes juanhinostrozas https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1412443743 2021-04-13 15:22:02 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1412443743 Circular DNA molecule juanhinostrozas https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1412457518 2021-04-13 15:24:36 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1412457518 juanhinostrozas https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1449678546 2021-04-22 23:10:15 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1449678546 juanhinostrozas https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1449681971 2021-04-22 23:12:19 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1449681971 juanhinostrozas https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1449696928 2021-04-22 23:20:14 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1449696928 juanhinostrozas https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1449699234 2021-04-22 23:21:28 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1449699234 juanhinostrozas https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1449706838 2021-04-22 23:25:24 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1449706838 juanhinostrozas https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1449708654 2021-04-22 23:26:16 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1449708654 juanhinostrozas https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1449716099 2021-04-22 23:29:22 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1449716099 juanhinostrozas https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1449725442 2021-04-22 23:34:23 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1449725442 juanhinostrozas https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1449727507 2021-04-22 23:35:29 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1449727507 andreavizcardo https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1449782127 The cell wall is present in eukaryotic plant cells and prokaryotic cells (except mollicute bacteria), but is absent in animal cells. It is composed of peptidoglycan which is a mixture of carbohydrates and amino acids. The cell wall surrounds the plasma membrane of plant cells. Furthermore, it serves to prevent mechanical and osmotic stress. Moreover, it acts as a filtering mechanism and provides structural support and protection. Also, it allows developing the turgor pressure which is the procession of the contents of the cells against the cell wall. In prokaryotic cells, cell walls prevent the cells from bursting and protects them from intruders. ]]> 2021-04-23 00:01:14 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1449782127 andreavizcardo https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1453878333 The cytoplasm is present in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The cytoplasm is a gel-like cytosol which is a water-based solution that contains ions, small molecules, and macromolecules. Though they are slightly different, cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells which all have nucleus is everything between the plasma membrane and nuclear envelope. While in prokaryotic cells it is everything inside the plasma membrane. Furthermore, the cytoplasm can be divided into two primary parts: endoplasm and ectoplasm. ]]> 2021-04-23 23:42:39 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1453878333 andreavizcardo https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1453991881 Pili are only found in the prokaryotic cell and they are very common in Gram-negative bacteria, while they can be also found in Gram-positive bacteria. The main functions of pili are: to transfer genetic information and they serve to aid cells attach to surfaces. Some of the pili types are conjugative pili and Type IV pili. As mentioned, conjugative pili are primarily involved in the transfer of DNA from one bacterial cell to another. This is why they are also referred to as sex pili. While the process is not properly understood, it's suggested that single strands of DNA can pass through the hollow lumen of the pilus to be transported to the recipient cell. Some studies have shown that genetic material can be transferred over a distance through the F-pili. Meanwhile, the Type VI pili's functions were the adhesion and motility that they provided to the attachment of the cell. Moreover, they play an important role in the biofilm formation ]]> 2021-04-24 01:31:46 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1453991881 andreavizcardo https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1454054128 Circular DNA is present in some prokaryotic cells as some of them carry little amounts of DNA, and it is also present in all eukaryotic cells. Circular DNA is molecules consisting of a few genes around a hundred. Furthermore, Circular DNA provides extra copies of certain genes that can be beneficial, though some studies have determined that they can influence other DNA, therefore even get involved in cancerous development.]]> 2021-04-24 02:38:52 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1454054128 juanhinostrozas https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1454125965 2021-04-24 04:00:10 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1454125965 andreavizcardo https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1454126522 Flagella are present in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells although, they are structurally different, moreover, flagella are present in all animal cells but it isn't present in the majority of plant cells unless of sperm plant cells. But, their main function is the same which is moving the cell. In eukaryotic cells, flagella run in bending movement, they are made up of tubulin proteins, they move in undulatory movements, consist of two parts; the shaft and basal body which bear rootlets; and the flagella is covered with a membranous sheath. On the other hand, prokaryotic flagella run in rotary movement, they are made up of flagellin proteins and microtubules, they move in a rotary movement, they are made up of three parts: hook, filament and the basal body which bears ring; and the flagella are not covered by a membranous sheath. ]]> 2021-04-24 04:00:51 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1454126522 juanhinostrozas https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1454132104 2021-04-24 04:08:00 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1454132104 juanhinostrozas https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1454134745 2021-04-24 04:11:33 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1454134745 juanhinostrozas https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1454138151 2021-04-24 04:16:03 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1454138151 andreavizcardo https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1454143661 70s Ribosomes' main function is protein synthesis, also they are found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. In eukaryotic cells, they are found in mitochondria and chloroplasts (only in plant cells). While, in prokaryotic cells, they are present in bacteria and blue-green algae, also they are found in the cytoplasm. Also, 70s ribosomes are made of small 30s subunits and large 50s subunits.]]> 2021-04-24 04:23:54 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1454143661 andreavizcardo https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1454156785 A vesicle is a self-contained structure of fluid or gas that is enclosed by an outer membrane named the lipid bilayer. Vesicles have different functions such as helping to transport materials among the cell or recycle waste materials. They can also absorb or destroy pathogens for preventing cell damage or infection. Furthermore, vacuoles can fuse with membranes of other cells to break down another cell. Moreover, vesicles can store and transport materials such as enzymes, hormones, neurotransmitters, and proteins. Finally, there are five main types of vesicles: transport vesicles, lysosomes, secretory vesicles, peroxisomes, and extracellular vesicles. Also, vesicles are present in eukaryotic cells, they are common in animal cells, but rare in plant cells.]]> 2021-04-24 04:44:09 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1454156785 Vesicles andreavizcardo https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1454156916 2021-04-24 04:44:22 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1454156916 andreavizcardo https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1454157465 2021-04-24 04:45:17 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1454157465 Vesicles andreavizcardo https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1454158993 2021-04-24 04:47:56 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1454158993 andreavizcardo https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1454186016 Capsules are only present in prokaryotic cells. They are usually made up of polysaccharides (sugar polymers). Capsule's function is to help prokaryotes cling to each other and attach to various surfaces in their environments. Also, in the case of disease-causing prokaryotes, capsules serve as protection against the host immune system.]]> 2021-04-24 05:31:25 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1454186016 Capsules andreavizcardo https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1454187858 2021-04-24 05:34:24 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1454187858 andreavizcardo https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1454188509 2021-04-24 05:35:38 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1454188509 Capsules andreavizcardo https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1454189007 2021-04-24 05:36:32 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1454189007 juandiegohinostroza https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1568654748 2021-05-28 14:35:51 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1568654748 who is more responsible for gala teas awakening, pygmalion or Aphrodite? juandiegohinostroza https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1568655571 Aphrodite because she heard Pymalion's plea to marry a lady much like the ivory maiden. She fulfils his wish by turning the Ivory Maiden into a mortal.]]> 2021-05-28 14:36:08 UTC https://padlet.com/juanhinostrozas/x3l0m8zecuyns51f/wish/1568655571