Needs Analysis and Preferences by JOSELYN LIZBETH CARRILLO CHICAIZA

Observation

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Where the students’ attitude is observed
In order for the observer to witness and assess the students in action.
The key to this method is to conduct multiple observations over time, making them informal and unannounced.

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There is a variety of needs analysis methods.
We should choose the method or methods that best suit your goals.
Is important to plan the course for clear understanding of the participants and their organization.

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This requires a ‘learning needs analysis’ to take place prior to the training course, allowing sufficient time for course planning and materials preparation (WESTCOTT 2006).

Several instruments and techniques to gather data when conducting a Needs Analysis process:

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Questionnaires

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Is notoriously unreliable.
Can obtain information about how the students feel about the class and what kind of strategies they expect.

Self-ratings

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Where the students can assess their competence by themselves.
Students rank things they need to do in English by how necessary they are and/ or how difficult they are.
It provides only impressionistic information.

Interviews

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Learner's performance are evaluated by answering questions, face-to-face.
Where can get clear understanding and to gather information on a specific set of topics.
You can make it more interesting by getting students to interview each other in pairs.

Meetings

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It allows to collect a lot of information in short time.
To clarify their expectations of the course.
Run the needs analysis as a formal meeting with agenda and action minutes.

What is Methodoly in Needs Analysis?

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Task Analysis

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Based on student's responses.
Students are given many tasks on future situations.

Collecting learner language samples

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To evaluate students´ performance, competence and attitude in different domain of language use.

Language samples may be collected through:

Written or oral tasks.
Simulations or role plays.
Performance tests.
Achievement tests.

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Case studies

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We can evaluate a single student or a selected group.
Are based on an in-depth investigation to explore the causes of essential principles.

Analysis of available information

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We can collect, model, and analyze data to extract insights that support decision-making.
Allows to identify sources of data both internal and external.

Relevant information as:

Books.
Reports.
Surveys.
Journal articles records.
Files.

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Needs analysis involves doing some kind of activity with a learner in order to find out what their learning needs are. A good understanding of learner needs can contribute to successful course planning. (BBC TeachingEnglish, s.f.)

Needs Analysis Characterization

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To help negotiate the gap between learner's and teacher's beliefs about language learning.
Decisions can be varied, including such as resource allocation, grant funding, and planning.
In other words, is a process of evaluating the problems and solutions identified for a target population.
In this analysis, it emphasizes the importance and relevance of the problems and solutions.

When should the teacher does a needs analysis?

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Before a course / The first day of the course / Every activity / Every lesson.

The teacher gives the proposed syllabus aims for the course, and asks learners to prioritise them in relation to the contexts that they will need to use language in.

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Needs analysis is part of building learner's awareness and autonomy.
Asking learners what they feel they need to practise is a good initial step.
As well as providing data, it can encourage them to start thinking about their learning and taking responsibility for it.

What is Needs Analysis?

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For Example:

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In the classroom

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Computer based analysis

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Relates the activities perceived in a subject base which can be negotiated between the student and the teacher.

Needs Assessment and its importance.

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Set menu analysis

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Analysis creates a menu that includes the main courses that can be selected by the students.

Language Audit

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Has a large-scale vision in terms of strategic language policies.

Mean analysis focuses

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Specifically on learning

Strategy Analysis Efforts

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Serve to investigate student preferences in the following terms of: learning strategy, error correction, group size, and amount of homework.

Learning-oriented analysis

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Takes into account the needs that must be negotiated between students and stakeholders

Present situation analysis

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It deals with the competences of the students at the beginning of the instruction

Deficiency analysis

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It takes into account the needs and deficiencies that students currently have

Target situation analysis

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Look for information on the language requirements that students face as they acquire knowledge of a language.

Below are the nine different types of needs analysis:

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They are the processes by which data is obtained about the preferences or needs that affect an organization. (business or education)

mgchamba1 — 2021-06-01 00:08:54 UTC

There are various means by which a needs analysis can be carried out. Among them we find:

Diagnostic tests: To identify the English level of each student.
Surveys: To recognize strengths and weaknesses.
Direct observation: To have a direct contact of how they develop in the classes.

Needs: After this or other strategies have been applied, it will be possible to clearly identify the needs of the students that need to be addressed.

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Student needs can be addressed in a variety of ways. We can mention that:

The teacher can vary in methodology to reach all students with the information.
All student skills should be developed with various interactive activities.
The gaps that the student has should be filled first to continue with new information.
Make use of the new language at all times and in case of doubts, solve them immediately.
According to the development of the students during the classes, the teacher will modify the routines of the classes progressively.

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Learner's view need to be more individual support, reduction of the academic activities in class or at home.
Teacher's view better or different strategies used to develop learner´s skills or maybe for teaching grammar.

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Evaluate the previous curriculum or program.
Planning goals or objectives for a future program.
Better the development of tests or assessment.
Develop teaching materials to improve the academic process.

Comprehensive Needs Assessment Overview

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Need Anysis, British Council, BBC, teaching english, recovered by:

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Needs analysis is part of building learner awareness and autonomy.

Asking learners what they feel they need to practise is a good initial step. As well as providing data, it can encourage them to start thinking about their learning and taking responsibility for it.

mgchamba1 — 2021-06-01 03:09:59 UTC

In the followiong video, we can observe 5 steps that we can apply for to analyze a gap, although the video focuses on a business, it can also be applied in the educational area.

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Adapted from: Eastern Stream Center on Resources and Training (ESCORT). (2003). Help! They don't speak English. Starter kit. Oneonta, NY: State University College.

And from: Ovando, C. J., Collier, V. P., & Combs, M. C. (2003). Bilingual and ESL classrooms. Teaching in multicultural contexts (3rd ed.). Boston: McGraw Hill.

Sample survey questions adapted from: Hamayan, E.V., Kwiat, J.A., & Perlman, R. (1985). The identification and assessment of language minority students: A handbook for educators. Arlington Heights, IL: Illinois Resource Center.

What is the needs analysis?

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In the classroom

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The information obtained will be used to:

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During the data collection from several resources you can find different kinds ofneeds such as:

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Gap Analysis

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How to evaluate student's needs?

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How to solve the knowledge gap?

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To identify necessities alone is not enough... You also need to know what the learner knows already, so that you can then decide which of the necessities the learner lacks...The target proficiency, in other words, needs to be matched against the existing proficiency of the learners. The gap between the two can be referred to as the learners’ lacks. (Hutchinson y Waters 1987, 55-56).

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Moron, J. [Jc Moron]. (2017, January 29). Needs Assessment and its importance.. [Video]. Recuperado de https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RG8Exo_hiFA

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Vermont Agency of Education [Vermont Agency of Education]. (2018, May 15). Comprehensive Needs Assessment Overview. [Video]. Recuperado de https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qRBXxzvC3B8

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The Business Analysis Doctor, LLC [The Business Analysis Doctor, LLC]. (2020, March 9). Gap Analysis in 5 Steps. [Video]. Recuperado de https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NBEi7TIordE