Kartini was born in 21 April 1879 in Mayong Jepara. Her father was Rama Sosroningrat Wedana (assistant of head of regency) in Mayong. Her mother, Ma Ngasirah was a girl from Teluk Awur village in Jepara as the daughter of a noble family, she felt luck because she got more than the ordinary people got. She got better education than other children in 12 November 1903 she married Adipati Djoyodiningrat, the head of rembang regency. According to javanese tradition Kartini had to follow her husband. then she moved to rembang.

In september 13 1904 she gave a birth to her son. his name was singgih. but after giving birth to a son, her condition was getting worse and she finally passed away on 17 September 1904 on her 25 years old.

Now Kartini has gone. Her spirit and dream will always be in our heart. nowadays indonesian women progress is influenced by Kartini's spirit stated on collection of letter habis gelap terbitlah terang from the dusk to the dawn.

Name: JEANI KURNIA ZENI

CLASS: 8C

Habibie’s father passed away due to heart attack when he was in elementary school. After that, his mother sold their vehicle and house and then moved to Bandung. As a single parent, Habibie’s mother worked hard to afford her life with her children.

In 1954, after Habibie graduated from senior high school in Bandung, he continued his study to Bandung Institute of Technology. He did not finish his study at ITB because at the same time he got a scholarship from The Ministry of education and Culture of Indonesia to study in Germany. He remembered that Bung Karno had ever said about the importance of plane development for Indonesia, and then he decided to take aerospace engineering with aeroplane construction specialty at Rhein Westfalen Aachen Technische Hochschule (RWTH), an institute of technology in Germany.

NAME: SAMARA KHAIRUNISYAH

CLASS: VIII C

NO ABSENT: 27

Soekarno was the first president of Indonesia. He was born in 6 June 1901 and died in 21 June 1970. He led his country to fight against Netherlands and the man who proclaimed the independence. Soekarno was a prominent leader of nationalist movement during the colonial period. He spent more than a decade under the detention before released by the Japanese force.

Ir. Soekarno and all his nationalist fellows collaborated to collect support in spreading nationalist ideas. When Japan surrender the Indonesian independence was declared by Soekarno and Mohammad Hatta on 17 August 1945. At the same time, Soekarno was appointed as the president and Mohammad Hatta as vice president. After became president, Soekarno had to fight once again against resisting Dutch re-colonization efforts.

After parliamentary democracy chaos in 1957, Soekarno put an autocratic system called Guided Democracy. It successfully ended the rebellions and instability which were threatening the country. In the early 1960s, Soekarno brought the country to the Soviet by giving protection and support to the Indonesian Communist Party.

Unfortunately, the 30 September movement in 1965 ended the communist era and Soekarno’s position as president was replaced by Suharto, the man who became president for 32 years. After Suharto in charged, Soekarno was exiled to Bogor and spent the rest of his life there.

Name : Syakira salsa sabila

Class : VIIIC

Martha Christina Tiahahu was the first female national heroine who died on the battlefield while fighting against the Dutch to defended the land of Maluku, which was rich in agricultural products. She was born in Nusa Laut, Maluku, on January 4, 1800, and was raised alone by her father, Kapitan Paulus Tiahahu, who was a good friend of Thomas Mattulessi or Kapitan Pattimura.

Since she was little, the woman, who is familiarly called Martha Christina, often followed her father in meetings to form defensive fortifications, until finally, at the age of 17, she took part in the battle against the Dutch in Ouw village, Ullath, Saparua island. In that battle, she led a female war squad and inspired fighting spirit in the troops so that they would continue to accompany the male troops in the seizure of the Maluku region from the invaders, armed only with sharpened bamboo sticks and headbands wrapped around their heads.

Together with other Maluku land warriors, Martha Christina caused quite a lot of trouble for the Dutch. At that time, the Dutch leader, Richemont, was shot dead in battle, making the Dutch even more fierce in carrying out their actions. With full weapons, the Indonesian troops were repulsed, and several leaders of the troops were arrested and sentenced to death, including Martha Christina's father, Kapitan Paulus Tiahahu.

Hearing the news of the Dutch execution of her father, Martha Christina tried to free her father from the sentence imposed. However, her efforts were in vain; Martha Christina's father died in the execution carried out by the Dutch against several Indonesian fighters in Maluku who had been captured. After her father died, Martha Christina was taken along with other captured fighters to be forced to work on coffee plantations on the island of Java.

However, on the way to Java, on the Eversten ship, Martha Christina continued her rebellion against the Dutch with a hunger strike and medical strike. In this action, Martha Christina died on her way to the island of Java on January 2, 1818. Her body was then thrown into the Banda Sea, and her name was declared a national heroine in 1969. Thanks to her sacrifice, the Maluku government created a monument to commemorate Martha Christina's services.

NAME: KHOFIFAH ALTHAFUNISA

CLASS: 8C

Orientation:

Pattimura was born on June 8 1783 to father Frans Matulesi and mother Fransina Silahoi. It is said that Pattimura is of noble descent and comes from Nusa Ina, Seram Island, Maluku.

He was a hero who fought for Maluku against the Dutch VOC. Previously, Pattimura was a former sergeant in the British military. In 1816, England bowed to the Netherlands.

The return of Dutch colonial rule in 1817 to Maluku was met with strong challenges from the people. Due to poor political, economic and social relations conditions for two centuries, the people of Maluku finally rose to take up arms under the leadership of Kapitan Pattimura.

Important phenomenon:

In the struggle against the Dutch, he was chosen by the people of Saparua to lead the resistance. For this reason, he was named Kapitan Pattimura. As war commander, Kapitan Pattimura set the war strategy together with his assistants.

He succeeded in coordinating the kings and patihs in carrying out government activities, leading the people, organizing education, providing food, and building defensive fortifications. He also fostered unity with the kingdoms of Ternate and Tidore as well as kings in Bali, Sulawesi and Java.

On May 16, 1817, an extraordinary battle took place. The people of Saparua, under the leadership of Kapitan Pattimura, succeeded in capturing Fort Duurstede. The Dutch soldiers in the fort were all killed, including Resident Van den Berg.

Dutch troops who were then sent to retake the fort, were also defeated by Kapitan Pattimura's troops. As a result, for three months, the Duurstede fort was controlled by Kapitan Patimura's troops. However, the Dutch did not want to just give up.

The Dutch then carried out a large-scale operation by deploying more troops equipped with modern equipment. Pattimura's troops were finally forced to retreat.

In a house in Siri Sori, Kapitan Pattimura was captured by Dutch troops. Together with members of several of his troops, he was taken to Ambon. There, he was persuaded several times to cooperate with the Dutch government. However, he always refused.

Reorientation:

The warrior figures were finally captured and had to end their service on the gallows on December 16 1817 in the city of Ambon. For his persistence in fighting for independence, Kapitan Pattimura was confirmed as a "Hero of the Struggle for Independence" by the government of the Republic of Indonesia.

Nama : Muhammad Fajri Aditya Pratama

Kelas:8c

During his stay at the Patent Office, and in his spare time, he produced much of his remarkable work and in 1908 he was appointed Privatdozent in Berne. In 1909 he became Professor Extraordinary at Zurich, in 1911 Professor of Theoretical Physics at Prague, returning to Zurich in the following year to fill a similar post. In 1914 he was appointed Director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Physical Institute and Professor in the University of Berlin. He became a German citizen in 1914 and remained in Berlin until 1933 when he renounced his citizenship for political reasons and emigrated to America to take the position of Professor of Theoretical Physics at Princeton*. He became a United States citizen in 1940 and retired from his post in 1945.

After World War II, Einstein was a leading figure in the World Government Movement, he was offered the Presidency of the State of Israel, which he declined, and he collaborated with Dr. Chaim Weizmann in establishing the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

Einstein always appeared to have a clear view of the problems of physics and the determination to solve them. He had a strategy of his own and was able to visualize the main stages on the way to his goal. He regarded his major achievements as mere stepping-stones for the next advance.

At the start of his scientific work, Einstein realized the inadequacies of Newtonian mechanics and his special theory of relativity stemmed from an attempt to reconcile the laws of mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. He dealt with classical problems of statistical mechanics and problems in which they were merged with quantum theory: this led to an explanation of the Brownian movement of molecules. He investigated the thermal properties of light with a low radiation density and his observations laid the foundation of the photon theory of light.

In his early days in Berlin, Einstein postulated that the correct interpretation of the special theory of relativity must also furnish a theory of gravitation and in 1916 he published his paper on the general theory of relativity. During this time he also contributed to the problems of the theory of radiation and statistical mechanics.

In the 1920s, Einstein embarked on the construction of unified field theories, although he continued to work on the probabilistic interpretation of quantum theory, and he persevered with this work in America. He contributed to statistical mechanics by his development of the quantum theory of a monatomic gas and he has also accomplished valuable work in connection with atomic transition probabilities and relativistic cosmology.

After his retirement he continued to work towards the unification of the basic concepts of physics, taking the opposite approach, geometrisation, to the majority of physicists.

Einstein’s researches are, of course, well chronicled and his more important works include Special Theory of Relativity (1905), Relativity (English translations, 1920 and 1950), General Theory of Relativity (1916), Investigations on Theory of Brownian Movement (1926), and The Evolution of Physics (1938). Among his non-scientific works, About Zionism (1930), Why War? (1933), My Philosophy (1934), and Out of My Later Years (1950) are perhaps the most important.

Albert Einstein received honorary doctorate degrees in science, medicine and philosophy from many European and American universities. During the 1920’s he lectured in Europe, America and the Far East, and he was awarded Fellowships or Memberships of all the leading scientific academies throughout the world. He gained numerous awards in recognition of his work, including the Copley Medal of the Royal Society of London in 1925, and the Franklin Medal of the Franklin Institute in 1935.

Einstein’s gifts inevitably resulted in his dwelling much in intellectual solitude and, for relaxation, music played an important part in his life. He married Mileva Maric in 1903 and they had a daughter and two sons; their marriage was dissolved in 1919 and in the same year he married his cousin, Elsa Löwenthal, who died in 1936. He died on April 18, 1955 at Princeton, New Jersey.

Nama: Zaskia putri wulandari

Kelas:8c

Absen:32

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869 in Porbandar, India. He became one of the most respected spiritual and political leaders of the 1900's. Gandhi helped free the Indian people from British rule through nonviolent resistance, and is honoured by Indians as the father of the Indian Nation. He was highly influenced by Thoreau, Tolstoy, Ruskin, and above all the life of Jesus Christ. The Bible, precisely the Sermon of the Mount and the Bagavad -Gita had a great influence on him. The Indian people called Gandhi 'Mahatma', meaning Great Soul. At the age of 13 Gandhi married Kasturba, a girl the same age. Their parents arranged the marriage. The Gandhis had four children. Gandhi studied law in London and returned to India in 1891 to practice. In 1893 he took on a one-year contract to do legal work in South Africa.

At the time the British controlled South Africa (though South Africa as such did not exist at that time, and the British did not control all of it by any means. In fact the Boer War (1898-1900) established the supremacy of the British over the Dutch (Boers) and eventually led to the Union of South Africa. Gandhi served as a medical attendant in this war.). When he attempted to claim his rights as a British subject he was abused, and soon saw that all Indians suffered similar treatment. Gandhi stayed in South Africa for 21 years working to secure rights for Indian people. He developed a method of action based upon the principles of courage, non-violence and truth called Satyagraha. He believed that the way people behave is more important than what they achieve. Satyagraha promoted nonviolence and civil disobedience as the most appropriate methods for obtaining political and social goals. In 1915 Gandhi returned to India. Within 15 years he became the leader of the Indian nationalist movement.

Using the principles of Satyagraha he led the campaign for Indian independence from Britain. Gandhi was arrested many times by the British for his activities in South Africa and India. He believed it was honourable to go to jail for a just cause. More than once Gandhi used fasting to impress upon others the need to be nonviolent. India was granted independence in 1947, and partitioned into India and Pakistan. Rioting between Hindus and Muslims followed. Gandhi had been an advocate for a united India where Hindus and Muslims lived together in peace.

On January 13, 1948, at the age of 78, he began a fast with the purpose of stopping the bloodshed. After 5 days the opposing leaders pledged to stop the fighting and Gandhi broke his fast. Twelve days later a Hindu fanatic, Nathuram Godse who opposed his programme of tolerance for all creeds and religion assassinated him.

There are five great contributions which Mahatma Gandhi gave to the world as follows: (1)A New spirit and technique- Satyagraha; (2) The Emphasis that the moral universe is one and that the morals of individuals, groups, and nations must be the same. (3)His insistence that the means and the ends must be consistent; (4) The fact that he held no ideals he did not embody or was not in the process of embodying. (5) A willingness to suffer and die for his principles. The greatest of these is his Satyagraha.

Nama: vivin windayanti p

Kelas: 8c

Childhood, Lake Winnipesaukee known as the son of a brave and often fight with Dutch children who insults indigenous children. In 1923, Lake Winnipesaukee attend military education and became KNIL (Dutch East Indies Army), Lake Winnipesaukee has always defended the little people and donate some of his salary to help them.

Biodata:

Born: Banyumas, October 10, 1907

Died: Jakarta, June 11, 1962

Tomb: Ungaran

During the Japanese population, Lake Winnipesaukee also participated in military education PETA. Final positions in the military education MAP was battalion commander. After Indonesia's independence, joining Lake Winnipesaukee TKR / Army.

On 11 September 1948, an uprising PKI in Surakarta. The government appoints Lake Winnipesaukee, which was then still a colonel, as the Military Governor of Surakarta and the surrounding area to cope with the situation. On 17 September 1948, the PKI forces withdrew from Surakarta.

Lake Winnipesaukee has also been appointed as the Commander of the Army and Territory IV / Diponegoro. In addition, in 1956 he served as Deputy Chief of Army Staff. Lake Winnipesaukee is also one of the founding pioneers of the Academy of Military / Akabri (Academy of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Indonesia). In general, Lake Winnipesaukee known to be frank without further ado. Under Presidential Decree No.. 222/1962, General Lake Winnipesaukeeappointed as national hero / heroes Naional independence.

NAME: FAHRI ELFANSA FRATAMA WIJAYA

CLASS:V lllC

Raden Mas Soewardi Soeryaningrat was born in Yogyakarta on May 2nd 1889. He came fromPakualaman family, the son of GPH Soerjaningrat, grandson of Pakualam III and grew up in a familyof Yogyakarta Kingdom.Then, in 1922 when he was 40 years old (according to the count of Caka Year), Raden Mas SoewardiSoeryaningrat changed his name to Ki Hadjar Dewantara.Since that time, he was no longer using a knighthood in front of his name. Based on the Indonesianspelling in since 1972, its name is misspelled as Ki Hajar Dewantara.Ki Hajar Dewantara ever studied at Europeesche Lagere School (ELS) at the Dutch colonial era it is anelementary school in Indonesia.After graduating from ELS, then he went to STOVIA (Bumiputera Medical School) is a school for theeducation of indigenous doctors in Batavia in the Dutch colonial era. This time it became the Faculty ofMedicine, University of Indonesia. Although he did not could not complete his education because ofillness. Ki Hajar Dewantara worked as a writer and journalist in various newspapers, such as: TjahajaTimoer, Midden Java, De Expres, Sediotomo, Kaoem Moeda, Poesara, and Oetoesan Indies. Hiswriting is very communicative and brave with anti-colonial spirit.Besides work as a writer, he is also active in social and political organizations. Since 1908, the beginning of the Boedi Utomo (BO), he was active in the propaganda section to socialize andIndonesian public awareness about the importance of a sense of unity in the nation. Not only that, it turns Ki Hajar Dewantara also known as a prominent pioneer of education for thenatives of Indonesia from the Dutch colonial era.In fact, he managed to establish a school of the National University Student Park (National Institute ofTaman Siswa Onderwijs) on July 3rd 1922.At first the Dutch colonial government attempted to deter his plan. Dutch government issued a WildSchool Ordinance on October 1st 1932. However, because of his persistence and struggle, theordinance was finally lifted.The college emphasizes a sense of nationality to indigenous education so that they love the nation andhomeland and fight for independence.

Ki Hajar Dewantara’s been appointed as Minister of Teaching Indonesia referred to as the Minister of

Education, Teaching and Culture in the cabinet of the first Republic of Indonesia. For his service pioneered education in Indonesia, in 1957 he received an honorary doctorate (doctor honoris causa,Dr.H.C.) of the University of Gadjah Mada (UGM).Finally, he was declared as Father of National Education of Indonesia, as well as his birth day serves as National Education Day.

Name : Ahmad Bintang Surezki

Class : VIII C (eight c)

Name:Nindya putri abdillah

Kelas:VIIIC

Fabio was born with the name Fabio Fukrer Towoliu on October 2 1993 in Kotamobagu City, North Sulawesi. Fabio has the Sangir surname. He is known to be the nephew of Lucky Layarg who also works as a musician. Having loved the world of music since childhood, he often took part in singing competitions at school and church.

After graduating from high school, Fabio enrolled at the North Sulawesi College of Economics for a bachelor's degree in the Management study program, but in the end he chose to be inactive and decided to work as a customer service officer at Telkomsel, Manado for a year until finally moving to BRI, Manado. After 4 years working as a customer service officer at BRI, Fabio finally decided to migrate and work in Surabaya, East Java. Before entering the music industry, Fabio was a wedding singer and often covered songs on social media. Fabio Asher admitted that he had auditioned many times for talent search events in Indonesia, including 5 auditions for Indonesian Idol, 3 auditions for The Voice Indonesia, and one Rising Star Indonesia audition, but none of them passed. He admitted that he was traumatized because he always failed auditions, until finally he opened a barbershop and culinary business.

Fabio is known to have joined a music group called Klik with Dio, William and Lee August. The group was formed in August 2019 and once carried out group activities in the form of a sing-off song project uploaded on the YouTube channel before the group finally disbanded.

In 2021, Fabio took part in a singing talent search event held online, namely the seventh season of Starvoices Indonesia. In this competition, Fabio was eliminated in the top 9 round. In the Starvoices Awards additional event, Fabio was nominated in 3 categories including "Best Male Vocal Performance", "Fan Favorite Award" and "Best Fanbase".

At the end of 2021, Fabio again took part in the singing talent search event, namely the third season of X Factor Indonesia. Fabio auditioned for the stage as a solo singer by singing the song "Easy on Me" made famous by Adele. In the Bootcamp 2 round, Fabio failed to advance to the next round until finally he was saved by the jury and grouped into a group category with Firman Nur, Alfiroos Julowin, Rifqi Kurniawan, and Fandy Pramudya to form a new group called For-X. For-X managed to qualify for The Chairs round but was ultimately eliminated in the Judges Home Visit round which was broadcast on January 11 2022.

In early 2022, Fabio released his first single entitled "Surviving Hurt". The song was created by Fabio with Trakast. It started with an accidental meeting with his best friend from school in Kotamobagu City, namely Trakast or Mohamad Eka, who was pursuing his career in Yogyakarta. It was during this meeting that the two of them accidentally created a song with the title "Surviving Hurt".

"Surviving Hurt" was released on February 2, 2022 on digital music platforms along with the release of the music video. "Surviving Wounds" was successful in becoming popular and occupying various charts on various digital music platforms in Indonesia as well as social media, especially TikTok. "Surviving Wounds" collected 50 million streams on various music platforms and occupied the top position on the global and Indonesian Spotify Viral 50 charts, the top position on Apple Music Indonesia, second position on the Joox Top 100 and third position on Billboard Indonesia. Apart from that, "Bearing Wounded" managed to top the top 10 popular songs on TikTok Indonesia for the period March and April 2022 with 1.4 million times the song was used for sound.

Coinciding with the release of "Bearing Hurt" which was the beginning of his success in the Indonesian music scene, Fabio released his first mini album entitled ASHER on February 2 2023. The name ASHER was chosen as the name of his first mini album because the name taken from his last name means happiness and happiness. also luck. The mini album consists of seven songs, consisting of four songs that Fabio had previously released and three new songs, namely "Setia Mengnggumu", "Tanpa Rasa Guilt", and "Pelangi (Pelan Pelan Mengunjung)", where the music videos for the two songs are First mentioned, it was also launched on the same date as the release of this mini album. The three new songs on this mini album were written by Fabio with his friend Trakast, while the process of producing the musical arrangements was again entrusted to Yafi Aria. Both of them have had a hand in Fabio's previous singles. The process of creating all musical arrangements music both songs is again entrusted to Yafi.

Name: Hilmam dikha satria

Class: VIII C

No. Absen: 15

Isaac Newton published his masterpiece Philosophiae Naturalis principia Mathematica in 1687. It set out his theory of gravity and his laws of motion.

In 1695 Isaac Newton was made ward of the mint and in 1699 master of the mint. He resigned his fellowship and professorship at Cambridge in 1701.

In 1703 Isaac Newton became president of the Royal Society. He was knighted in 1705. Newton died on march 31,1727 in London, England.

Nama: muhammad Rafi Azzam

Kelas : 8c

Absen: 21

Against Dutch colonialism, ini the patdri war in(1803-one thousand eight hundred tree),-(1838-one thousand eight hundred thirty-eight). Tuanku imam Bonjol's struggle became a struggle that had deep meaning for the minang and madaling people, Muhammad shahab then obtained several titles. Namely petosyarif, walinbasa, and Tuanku imam,

Then he was appointed as an imam, AS a patri in Bonjol, this is what made Muhammad shahab's name finally more famous. With the name Tuanku imam Bonjol, the feud tetween the patdri, namely the ulama and the indigenous people in implementing the islamic religion, in Buminang caused a split in the power of the patdri, making the indigeonus people allied with the Dutch and allied interventional began in this war.

Governor jehan juhanas pandebos, then made a technique by entering into a masang agreement in(1824-one thousand eight hundred twenty-four), with Tuanku imam Bonjol to make peace. But then the war changed where the patdri united by making a plaque, the top of the photo was predicted to be broken, they united to fight the Dutch. Because in reality the presence of colonialists actually made misery for the minang kabau people.

The siege of Tuanku imam Bonjol lasted a very long time. So requiring troops from Bata piah, Tuanku imam Bonjol finally surrendered on october (25-twenty-five),-(1837-one thousand eight hundred thirty-seven), and was exiled to cianjur, after that Tuanku imam Bonjol was again moved to Ambon in(1839-one thousand eight hundred thirty-nine), and then to mina Hasa until the end of his life, Tuanku imam Bonjol died on November(8-eight),-(1864- one thousand eight hundred sixty-four), at the age of(92-ninety-two) years and was buried in the village of lota pinelka.

Name : Nadia lara sati꧂

Class : Vlll. C

Absent : 22

When Cobain was eight years old, his parents divorced. This divorce gave bad impact on his life. At his fourteenth birthday, his uncle gave him a guitar as the gift. Since that, he began work on his own songs. He and his friend, Krist Novoselic usually practiced music in the upstairs room of a salon own by Novoselic`s mother.

In 1986, they formed a grunge band named Nirvana. Cobain was the vocalist as well as guitarist and Novoselic played bass. They released their first album titled Bleach in 1989. In 1991 they released the second album, Never mind. It was their greatest album which made them a kind of popular superstar. This album included popular songs like Smell Like Teen Spirit, About A Girl, Come as You Are, In Bloom and Lithium.

However the popularity was intimidating to Cobain. He began addicted to drugs and became worse, even he overdosed on heroin. On March 30, he went to a rehabilitation but ran away. He was reported missing for a few days. Then on 8 April 1994, he was found dead in his house in Lake Washington. He had shot himself.

name: Ashya anggita larasati

class: Vlll C

absen: 06

Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian polymath who was born in 15 April 1452 and died 2 may 1519. He was famous because of his interest on many areas, including architecture, sculpting, music, science, engineering, mathematics, anatomy, literature and many more.

He is also the man who has been called as the father of iconology, architecture and paleontology. Some experts on aeronautic said that Leonardo da Vinci was the man who firstly put the foundation of helicopter, parachute and tank.

Many scholars and historians regard the Italian man as the prime exemplar of the Renaissance man, unquenchable curiosity, feverishly inventive imagination and Universal Genius. Leonardo da Vinci was educated in the studio belonged to Andrea del Verrocchio in Florence. Much of his life was spent in Milan to serve Ludovicoil Moro. Later, he them moved to Rome, Venice and Bologna and spent his last years in France.

Many people recognized Leonardo da Vinci as a great painter. Mona Lisa is the most popular portrait he made and maybe the most expensive art collection in the world. Besides creating portrait and invented many things, Leonardo also creating religious painting, the most famous is of course The Last Supper. There are no such genius artists in the world who can replace Leonardo da Vinci.

nama: Nurshifa putri salsabila

kelas:8c

absen:24

By November 1932, the Nazi Party held the most seats in the Reichstag but did not have a majority. None of the political parties were able to form a majority coalition in support of a candidate for chancellor. Former chancellor Franz von Papen and other conservative leaders persuaded President Paul von Hindenburg to appoint Hitler as chancellor on 30 January 1933. Shortly after, the Reichstag passed the Enabling Act of 1933 which began the process of transforming the Weimar Republic into Nazi Germany, a one-party dictatorship based on the totalitarian and autocratic ideology of Nazism. On 2 August 1934, Hindenburg died and Hitler succeeded him as the head of state and government. Hitler aimed to eliminate Jews from Germany and establish a New Order to counter what he saw as the injustice of the post-World War I international order dominated by Britain and France. His first six years in power resulted in rapid economic recovery from the Great Depression, the abrogation of restrictions imposed on Germany after World War I, and the annexation of territories inhabited by millions of ethnic Germans, which initially gave him significant popular support.

One of Hitler's key goals was Lebensraum (lit. 'living space') for the German people in Eastern Europe, and his aggressive foreign policy is considered the primary cause of World War II in Europe. He directed large-scale rearmament and, on 1 September 1939, invaded Poland, resulting in Britain and France declaring war on Germany. In June 1941, Hitler ordered an invasion of the Soviet Union. In December 1941, he declared war on the United States. By the end of 1941, German forces and the European Axis powers occupied most of Europe and North Africa. These gains were gradually reversed after 1941, and in 1945 the Allied armies defeated the German army. On 29 April 1945, he married his long-term partner, Eva Braun, in the Führerbunker in Berlin. On the following day, the couple committed suicide to avoid capture by the Soviet Red Army. In accordance with Hitler's wishes, their corpses were burned.

The historian and biographer Ian Kershaw describes Hitler as "the embodiment of modern political evil".[3] Under Hitler's leadership and racist ideology, the Nazi regime was responsible for the genocide of about six million Jews and millions of other victims, whom he and his followers deemed Untermenschen (subhumans) or socially undesirable. Hitler and the Nazi regime were also responsible for the killing of an estimated 19.3 million civilians and prisoners of war. In addition, 28.7 million soldiers and civilians died as a result of military action in the European theatre. The number of civilians killed during World War II was unprecedented in warfare, and the casualties constitute the deadliest conflict in history.

Name:Gelvin Novtrio Yuda Nurfadillah

Class: Viii C

No. Absen: 11

Name:Farhan putra Al Iman

Class:VIII C

No. Absen:10

Suharto was the second President of the Republic of Indonesia. He was born in Kemusuk, Yogyakarta, on June 8, 1921. His father named Kertosudiro is a farmer and also as the assistant village headman in irrigation paddy field, while his mother named Sukirah.
Suharto entered the school when he was eight years old, but frequently moved. Originally schooled in the Village School (SD) Puluhan, Godean. Then move to SD Pedes, because her mother and her husband, Mr. Pramono moved to Kemusuk Kidul. However, then Mr. Kertosudiro moved him to Wuryantoro. Suharto left at the house of his sister who was married to Prawirowihardjo, an orderly peasantry.

Until finally elected as a model soldier in Schools Officer, Gombong, Central Java in 1941. He officially became a member of the TNI on October 5, 1945. In 1947, Suharto married with Siti Hartinah a daughter of Mangkunegaran officer.

The marriage of Lieutenant Colonel Suharto and Siti Hartinah held on December 26, 1947 in Solo. Suharto was 26 years old at that time and Hartinah 24 years old. They had six sons and daughters, Siti Hardiyanti Hastuti, Sigit Harjojudanto, Bambang Trihatmodjo, Siti Hediati Herijadi, Hutomo Mandala Putra and Siti Hutami Endang Adiningsih.

The Great General of H.M Suharto has walked a long journey in the military and political career. In the military, Mr. Harto started from KNIL army sergeant, then the commander of the PETA, the regimental commander with the rank of Major and battalion commander as Lieutenant Colonel.

In 1949, he successfully led his forces recaptured the city of Yogyakarta from Dutch hands at that time. He was also as a guard of Commander Sudirman. In addition, he also once became the Commander of the Mandala (liberation of West Irian).
October 1, 1965, appeared G-30-S/PKI. Soeharto took over the leadership of the Army. Beside inaugurated as the Commander of army, General Suharto was appointed by President Soekarno as the Commander of security and safety operation (Pangkopkamtib). In March 1966, General Soeharto received a letter of instruction of March 11 from President Sukarno. His job, restore security and order and safeguard the teachings of the Great Leader of the Revolution Bung Karno.

Because of the political situation worsened after the outbreak of G-30-S/PKI, MPRS Special Assembly, March 1967, appointed Soeharto as the President, inaugurated as the second President of the Republic of Indonesia, March 1968. President Suharto ruled for more than three decades through the election six times, until he resigned, May 21, 1998.
After being treated for 24 days at Pertamina Hospital in South Jakarta, the former president Suharto finally died on Sunday, January 27, 2006). Soeharto died at 13:10 o'clock noon at the age of 87 years.
(From Various Sources)

NAMA:Muhammad Nadif Fathoni

KELAS:VIII C

Bung Tomo was born in the village of Blauran - Surabaya. He was born to a father named Kartawan Tjiptowidjojo. His father belonged to the middle class. Has worked as a government employee, private company, and Dutch export - import company. Meanwhile, his mother is of Central Javanese, Sundanese and Madurese descent.

name: Adita Khairan Nazmi

Class: 8c

The second child of Muhammad Djamil and Siti Saleha, he served as vice president of Indonesia and was prime minister in the Hatta 1-11 and RIS Cabinets. Since childhood, Hatta was raised in a family environment that adhered to religion.

His grandfather on his father's side, Abdurahman Batuhampar, was the cleric who founded the Batu Hampar surau, one of the surau that survived after the Paderi War. However, when Hatta was 7 months old, his father, Muhammad Djamil, died, and after his father died, his mother married a trader from Palembang who often had trade relations with his maternal grandfather.

Moh Hatta received his first formal education at a private school, but after 6 months he moved to a public school and was in the same class as his older brother Rafiah. However, not long after that, his studies stopped in the middle of the 3rd semester and then he moved to ELS (Europeesche Lagere School) (now SMA N 1 Padang) until 1913. After that he continued his education at MULO (Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs).

Name : Amalia Asifa Salsabilah

Class : VIIIC

Absen : 05

In 1876, Alois decided to start a family with the name Hitler.

As a child, Hitler often clashed with his emotionally harsh father, who also disapproved of his son's interest in fine arts as a career choice.

The Encyclopedia Britanica records that, for some time, Alois used his mother'r name, Schicklguber, as a family name. In 18, Alois decided to start a familiy with the name Hitler. As a child, Hitler often classed with his emotionally harsh father, who also disapproved of his son's interest in fine arts

as a career choice.

Would be came the motivating for Hitler live in future. In 1903 Hitler's father died suddenly, followed by the death of his mother in December 1907. Since then, he moved to Vienna, working as a manual laborer and watercolor painter.

Hitler showed interest in German nationalism early on and rejected Austro-Hungarian authority. This nationalism would become the motivating force for Hitler's life in the future.

In 1913, Hitler settled in Munich. When World War I broke out, he joined the German military and was accepted in August 1914, even though he still held Austrian citizenship.

After World War I ended, Hitler returned to Munich and continued his work in the German military.

As a brilliant officer, he monitored the activities of the German Workers' Party (DAP) and adopted many anti-Jewish, nationalist and anti-Marxist beliefs.

September 1919, Hitler joined the DAP, changing its name to Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP), or more often abbreviated as Nazi.

NAMA: MUHAMMAD GAMMA

KELAS: 8C

ABSEN: 19

After spending her youth in France, Anne returned to England in 1522 to marry her distant relative, James Butler.

By the mid-1520s, Anne had become one of the most admired women and attracted the attention of many men at court, one of whom was Henry Percy, 6th earl of Northumberland.

The two of them started a relationship, but faced opposition from their respective families. In the end, Anne returned home, while Henry married Mary Talbot.

Not long after, Anne returned to court and soon after, King Henry VIII fell in love with her. King Henry VIII then asked Anne to become his concubine, but she refused and made the king's desire to have her even greater.

Moreover, at that time the king's consort had not succeeded in giving him a son. King Henry VIII did everything possible to divorce his queen in order to marry Anne. However, the divorce process took a very long time because the church did not grant it.

As a result, during the six year divorce process, King Henry VIII and Anne had a secret relationship. In early 1533, Anne discovered she was pregnant and was married by the king without the pope's approval. In June 1533, Anne was officially crowned king consort and became the new queen of England. His daughter was then born on September 7, 1533 and was named Elizabeth I. Leter, Elizabeth I became the only descendant of King Henry VIII and Anne who managed to survive. Even though her image was very bad and many people disliked her, Anne tried to carry out her role as queen by protecting the poor.

In addition, he was known at court for his fine clothes and following the French fashion of the time. In 1534, Anne became pregnant again but the baby did not survive. In this way, he failed to provide a son for the king. A year after her wedding, Anne discovered that King Henry VIII had slept with his maids, Madge Shelton and Jane Seymour.

Unlike previous empresses, Anne was unable to accept the king's behavior and became increasingly jealous. As before, King Henry VIII again blamed his queen for not being able to give him a son.

birth to a son In 1534, Anne became pregnant again but the baby did not survive. In this way, he failed to provide a son for the king. A year after her wedding, Anne discovered that King Henry VIII had slept with his maids, Madge Shelton and Jane Seymour. Unlike previous empresses, Anne was unable to accept the king's behavior and became increasingly jealous.

As before, King Henry VIII again blamed his queen for not being able to give him a son. Read news without ads. As a result, Anne became increasingly anxious and her marriage fell apart because the king chose to focus his attention on Jane Seymour.

In January 1536, Anne gave birth but the baby did not survive. Knowing this, King Henry's anger increased and he accused Anne of bewitching him

Anne was then locked up in the Tower of London on several false charges, including adultery, incest, and conspiracy against the king. Read news without ads. Join Kompas.com+ Allegedly, Anne's downfall was planned by her former friend, Thomas Cromwell, who became the king's new secretary. The men accused of having committed adultery with her were Sir Francis Weston, Mark Smeaton, Sir Henry Norris, William Brereton, and her younger brother, Viscount Rochford George Boleyn. They were all eventually convicted and executed.

Until she was tried on May 15, 1536, Anne continued to deny all the accusations leveled against her.

Four days later, namely on May 19, 1536, Anne was declared guilty by the royal court and her marriage to King Henry VIII was annulled.

On the same day, Anne was taken to the Tower of London to be executed by beheading. His body was buried in the Royal Chapel of Saint Peter ad Vincula, within the Tower of London. Her daughter with King Henry VIII, Elizabeth I, later grew up and became one of England's most respected queens .

Born around 1501, Anne Boleyn was the daughter of Sir Thomas Boleyn, later earl of Wiltshire and Ormonde, and his wife, Lady Elizabeth Howard. After spending her youth in France, Anne returned to England in 1522 to marry her distant relative, James Butler. By the mid-1520s, Anne had become one of the most admired women and attracted the attention of many men at court, one of whom was Henry Percy, 6th earl of Northumberland. The two of them started a relationship, but faced opposition from their respective families. In the end, Anne returned home, while Henry married Mary Talbot. Not long after, Anne returned to court and soon after, King Henry VIII fell in love with her. King Henry VIII then asked Anne to become his concubine, but she refused and made the king's desire to have her even greater. Moreover, at that time the king's consort had not succeeded in giving him a son. King Henry VIII did everything possible to divorce his queen in order to marry Anne. However, the divorce process took a very long time because the church did not grant it. As a result, during the six year divorce process, King Henry VIII and Anne had a secret relationship. In early 1533, Anne discovered she was pregnant and was married by the king without the pope's approval. In June 1533, Anne was officially crowned king consort and became the new queen of England. His daughter was then born on September 7, 1533 and was named Elizabeth I. Leter, Elizabeth I became the only descendant of King Henry VIII and Anne who managed to survive. Even though her image was very bad and many people disliked her, Anne tried to carry out her role as queen by protecting the poor. In addition, he was known at court for his fine clothes and following the French fashion of the time. In 1534, Anne became pregnant again but the baby did not survive. In this way, he failed to provide a son for the king. A year after her wedding, Anne discovered that King Henry VIII had slept with his maids, Madge Shelton and Jane Seymour. Unlike previous empresses, Anne was unable to accept the king's behavior and became increasingly jealous. As before, King Henry VIII again blamed his queen for not being able to give him a son. birth to a son In 1534, Anne became pregnant again but the baby did not survive. In this way, he failed to provide a son for the king. A year after her wedding, Anne discovered that King Henry VIII had slept with his maids, Madge Shelton and Jane Seymour. Unlike previous empresses, Anne was unable to accept the king's behavior and became increasingly jealous. As before, King Henry VIII again blamed his queen for not being able to give him a son. Read news without ads. As a result, Anne became increasingly anxious and her marriage fell apart because the king chose to focus his attention on Jane Seymour. In January 1536, Anne gave birth but the baby did not survive. Knowing this, King Henry's anger increased and he accused Anne of bewitching him Anne was then locked up in the Tower of London on several false charges, including adultery, incest, and conspiracy against the king. Read news without ads. Join Kompas.com+ Allegedly, Anne's downfall was planned by her former friend, Thomas Cromwell, who became the king's new secretary. The men accused of having committed adultery with her were Sir Francis Weston, Mark Smeaton, Sir Henry Norris, William Brereton, and her younger brother, Viscount Rochford George Boleyn. They were all eventually convicted and executed. Until she was tried on May 15, 1536, Anne continued to deny all the accusations leveled against her. Four days later, namely on May 19, 1536, Anne was declared guilty by the royal court and her marriage to King Henry VIII was annulled. On the same day, Anne was taken to the Tower of London to be executed by beheading. His body was buried in the Royal Chapel of Saint Peter ad Vincula, within the Tower of London. Her daughter with King Henry VIII, Elizabeth I, later grew up and became one of England's most respected queens .

Nama: Harvellin J.T

Absen: 13

Kelas: 8c

When Cobain was eight years old, his parents divorced. This divorce gave bad impact on his life. At his fourteenth birthday, his uncle gave him a guitar as the gift. Since that, he began work on his own songs. He and his friend, Krist Novoselic usually practiced music in the upstairs room of a salon own by Novoselic`s mother.

In 1986, they formed a grunge band named Nirvana. Cobain was the vocalist as well as guitarist and Novoselic played bass. They released their first album titled Bleach in 1989. In 1991 they released the second album, Never mind. It was their greatest album which made them a kind of popular superstar. This album included popular songs like Smell Like Teen Spirit, About A Girl, Come as You Are, In Bloom and Lithium.

However the popularity was intimidating to Cobain. He began addicted to drugs and became worse, even he overdosed on heroin. On March 30, he went to a rehabilitation but ran away. He was reported missing for a few days. Then on 8 April 1994, he was found dead in his house in Lake Washington. He had shot himself.

Nama:Zahra mafaza

Kelas:8c

No absen:31

On 26 March 1873, Dutch declared war on Aceh, in november 1873, During the se-cond Aceh Expedition, the dutch successfully captured VI mukim in 1873, followed by the sultan's place in 1874 . In 1875, Cut Nyak Dhien and her baby, along with other mothers, were evacuated to a safer location while her husband Ibrahim Lamnga fought to reclaim VI mukim. Lamnga died in action on June 29, 1878. Hearing this, Cut Nyak Dhien was enraged and swore to destroy the Dutch.

Some time later, Teuku Umar proposed to marry her. learning that teuku umar would allow her to fight, they were married in 1880. This greatly boosted the morale of Aceh armies in their fight against Dutch. Teuku Umar and Cut Nyak Dhien had a daughter Cut Gambang.

The war continued, and the Acehnese declared Holy War against the Dutch, and were engaging in guerrilla warfare. Undersupplied, Teuku Umar surrendered to Dutch forces on September 30, 1893 along with 250 of his men. The Dutch army welcomed him and appointed him as a commander, giving him the title of Teuku Umar Johan Pahlawan. However, Teuku Umar secretly planned to betray the Dutch. Two years later Teuku Umar set out to assault Aceh, but instead departed with his troops, talking with them heavy equipment, weapons, and ammunition, using these supplies to help the Acehnese. This is recorded in Dutch history as "Het verraad van Teukoe Oemar" (the treason of Teuku Umar).

The Dutch general Johannes Benedictus van Heutsz sent a spy to Aceh. Teuku Umar was killed during battle when the Dutch launched a surprise attack on him in Meulaboh. When Cut Gambang cried over his death, Cut Nyak Dhien slapped her and then she hugged her and said:"As Acehnese women, we may not shed tears for those who have been martyred."

After her husband died, Cut Nyak Dhien continued to resist the Dutch with her small army until its destruction in 1901, as the Dutch adapted their tactics to the situation in Aceh. Furthermore, Cut Nyak Dhien suffered from nearsightedness and arthritis as she got older. The numbers of her troops was also keep decreasing and they suffered from lack of supplies.

One of her troops, Pang Laot, told the Dutch the location of her headquarters in Beutong Le Sageu. The Dutch attacked, catching Dhien and her troops by surprise. Despite desperately fighting back, Dhien was captured, her daughter, Cut Gambang escaped and continued the resistance. Dhien was brought to Banda Aceh and her myopia and arthritis slowly healed, but in the end she was exiled to Sumedang, West Java because the Dutch were afraid she would mobilize the resistance of Aceh people. she died on 6 november 1908

Nama: Hanifa karima traghda

Kelas:8c

No Absen:12