ADHD Resources by Natalie Kincaid

nlk1205_ — 2023-11-21 15:37:20 UTC

At-Home Digital Intervention

nlk1205_ — 2023-11-21 15:38:28 UTC

Key Takeaways: Project EVO was a digital treatment that targeted cognitive control mechanics in a video-game-like interface. The study found that this intervention may be helpful for children with ADHD in improving cognitive processes.

Neuroimaging (MRI)

nlk1205_ — 2023-11-21 15:38:54 UTC

Key Takeaways: ADHD is a neurodevelopmental brain disability, not a set of learned behaviors. ADHD can be seen in MRIs through the differences of the brain's anatomy and processing.

Pre-Service Teachers' Self-Efficacy (Gender)

nlk1205_ — 2023-11-21 15:39:24 UTC

Key Takeaways: Pre-service teachers felt better about their ability to manage their classroom when a student was a girl labeled with ADHD. They felt worse about their ability to manage their classroom when a student was a boy labeled with ADHD.

Self-Regulated Learning Interventions

nlk1205_ — 2023-11-21 15:40:04 UTC

Key Takeaways: "Broadly speaking, however, SRL (Self-regulated learning) interventions offer promising approaches in conjunction
with other behavioral training that include adult implementers(teachers, parents, paraprofessionals) and/or medication intervention for this population."

Social Factors + Academics

nlk1205_ — 2023-11-21 15:40:35 UTC

Key Takeaways: "...social acceptance may
buffer against negative academic outcomes through med-
iators such as friendship quality, school connectedness,
abstaining from deviant peer groups, teacher–student rela-
tionships, or parenting factors. Specifically, being able to
socialize with a friend or adult and feeling connected at
school may be associated with increased motivation for
academic tasks"

Classroom Management Strategies

nlk1205_ — 2023-11-21 15:41:04 UTC

Key Takeaways: "Teachers’ reported frequency of use and the perceived effectiveness of CMSs
for students with ADHD symptoms do not conform to evidence-based effectiveness.
Regarding the use of CMSs, secondary school teachers generally do not provide additional
support for students with ADHD symptoms."

Motivation + Goal-Directed Executive Functions

nlk1205_ — 2023-11-21 15:41:41 UTC

Key Takeaways: Deficits in higher-order executive functioning skills are more severe in high school and should be the target of interventions.

Self-Monitoring

nlk1205_ — 2023-11-21 16:43:37 UTC

Key Takeaways: The low-intensity strategy of self-monitoring improves academic engagement. Self-monitoring for this study included a timer that was set to pulse on students' wrists. When the pulse went off every two minutes, the students would indicate on a checklist if they were on task or off task.

Teacher Knowledge + Classroom Management

nlk1205_ — 2023-11-21 16:44:05 UTC

Key Takeaways: Even with newer ADHD research, many teachers are not knowledgeable about ADHD, and strategies to help support students with ADHD are not being taught to teachers during their teacher-training.

Multimodal Interventions

nlk1205_ — 2023-11-21 16:44:35 UTC

Key Takeaways: "...psychobehavioral
intervention combined with EEG biofeedback was more effective than a single intervention in significantly
improving both the concentration level of ADHD children, and their behavioral hyperactive-impulsive and
hyperactivity core symptoms."

Opportunity-to-Respond Strategies

nlk1205_ — 2023-11-21 16:45:35 UTC

Key Takeaways: Opportunity to respond strategies (guided notes, class-wide tutoring, and response cards) may be beneficial for improving academic performance.

Academic Problem Behaviors

nlk1205_ — 2023-11-21 16:46:09 UTC

Key Takeaways: Time management and planning are often the most pervasive problem for students with ADHD.

History of ADHD

nlk1205_ — 2023-11-21 16:46:35 UTC

Key Takeaways: ADHD and ADHD-like symptoms have been recorded as far back as the 1700s.

Dynamic Developmental Theory of ADHD

nlk1205_ — 2023-11-21 16:47:05 UTC

Key Takeaways: "The dynamic developmental theory for the ADHD predominantly hyperactive/impulsive and
combined subtypes is based on the hypothesis that altered dopaminergic function (the part of the brain known as the "reward center") plays a pivotal role
by failing to modulate non-dopaminergic (primarily glutamate and GABA) signal transmission
appropriately"

Orienteering

nlk1205_ — 2023-11-21 16:47:50 UTC

Task-Related Motivation

nlk1205_ — 2023-11-21 16:49:23 UTC

Key Takeaways: Students with ADHD find tasks that are cognitively challenging, requiring focus, marked/graded, and collaborative, to be less motivating than their typically developing peers. Tasks that include rewards, social evaluation, and predictable elements can help increase task-related motivation.

Reduce Medication

nlk1205_ — 2023-11-21 16:49:52 UTC

Key Takeaways: Low intensity behavior interventions can help reduce need for medication.

Nationwide Children's "ADHD Academy"

nlk1205_ — 2023-11-21 17:01:30 UTC

Nationwide Children's Hospital offers an "ADHD Academy" to parents and guardians of children with ADHD. They offer an "ADHD Basics" course which goes over the fundamentals of ADHD and sessions that go over specific topics (medication, school, stress, etc). Registration is $10/person and sessions are online.

ADDitude Magazine

nlk1205_ — 2023-11-21 17:02:00 UTC

Parenting a Child with ADHD

nlk1205_ — 2023-11-21 17:41:02 UTC

ADHD Overview

nlk1205_ — 2023-11-21 17:41:20 UTC

Understanding Research Studies

nlk1205_ — 2023-11-21 17:41:32 UTC

ADHD Across Lifespan

nlk1205_ — 2023-11-21 17:41:46 UTC

ADHD + Coexisting Conditions

nlk1205_ — 2023-11-21 17:42:05 UTC

ADHD Presentations

nlk1205_ — 2023-11-21 17:42:17 UTC

Behavior Management

nlk1205_ — 2023-11-21 17:42:31 UTC

ADHD Medication

nlk1205_ — 2023-11-21 17:42:42 UTC

ADHD Toolkit (many links, may be overwhelming)

nlk1205_ — 2023-11-21 17:43:17 UTC

Finding a Professional to Diagnose ADHD

nlk1205_ — 2023-11-21 17:43:33 UTC

Note about the research studies

nlk1205_ — 2023-11-21 17:46:49 UTC

You may note that all but 2 or 3 of these studies were conducted within the last 10 years (History of ADHD and Dynamic Development Theory are older). Generally once a research study is 10 years old it is considered to be "out of date".

Note about these Infographics

nlk1205_ — 2023-11-21 17:51:40 UTC

Many of these infographics either do not contain citations or the citations are from studies that are over 10 years old. This does not mean that they are incorrect, it just means they have the potential to be outdated and should be carefully analyzed.

Parenting/Behavior Programs

nlk1205_ — 2023-11-21 17:56:18 UTC

Video Games and ADHD Video (approx 1 hr)

nlk1205_ — 2023-11-21 18:07:17 UTC

Family Impact and Parenting Styles

nlk1205_ — 2023-11-28 19:04:51 UTC

Key Takeaways: Parenting a child with ADHD can be stressful. That stress can lead to negative emotions towards the child, especially if it affects the parents' social lives.

Having support from other parents can improve relationships.

ADHD does not cause more stress, behaviors from ADHD do.

Parenting Groups

nlk1205_ — 2023-11-28 19:08:52 UTC

Key Takeaways: Parenting groups in a community setting can improve parent feelings about parenting a child with ADHD and may help with better collaboration between parents and teachers.

Parental Rejection Predicts Long-Term ADHD Symptoms

nlk1205_ — 2023-11-28 19:19:13 UTC

Key Takeaways: Children who received higher levels of parent rejection had more severe ADHD symptoms as they grew up.

ADHD and Friendship Patterns During School Year

nlk1205_ — 2023-11-29 15:32:23 UTC

Key Takeaways: Friendships can help predict ADHD symptoms throughout the school year. More friends in the fall results in reduced symptoms, most likely because peers help teach social skills and practice using them.

Experiences of High School Students

nlk1205_ — 2023-11-29 16:36:53 UTC

NOTE: This is a study that I (N. Kincaid) completed during my master's program. It was not peer-reviewed.

Key takeaways: "First, general education teachers should focus on creating positive, authentic
connections with their students to reduce and/or avoid triggers that may result in mood swings.
Second, general education teachers should provide step-by-step instructions for students with
ADHD. Third, general education teachers should familiarize themselves with the various
symptoms and behaviors of ADHD and create opportunities in their classroom to evaluate, with
the students, how each behavior and symptom is impacting their school experience on a
day-to-day basis."

Children's Experiences and Understanding of their ADHD

nlk1205_ — 2023-11-29 17:00:42 UTC

Key takeaways:

Children with ADHD often feel that their behaviors are outside of their control or that their body acts of its own will.
They may feel conflicted between wanting to "control" these behaviors and being accepted "as I am".
Social relationships (peers, adults) can be a source of support and demands.
They may lack a feeling of belonging or feel that they are being perceived as a stereotype.

Effects of Parental ADHD and Parental Emotional Regulation on Adolescent Self-Regulation Skills

nlk1205_ — 2023-11-29 17:20:00 UTC

Key Takeaways: Ignoring feelings or dismissing them results in lower self-regulation skills. Attempts to discuss and understand emotions results in higher self-regulation skills.

Also, it is more important for parents with ADHD to engage in discussion of emotions and promote positive self-regulation skills than it is for parents without ADHD.

Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms Among Children with ADHD

nlk1205_ — 2023-11-29 17:24:26 UTC

Key Takeaways: Interventions for children with ADHD should include whole-family approaches that introduce new parenting techniques slowly and help parents learn and adjust to new approached. These approaches should specifically help parents establish routines for their children.

Helping Students with ADHD in the Age of Digital Distraction

nlk1205_ — 2023-12-05 18:16:02 UTC

Key takeaways: The study discusses several different apps that can help students (elementary through high school) with organization, time management, and other skills. Some apps include games that assist students in building these skills.

Memory-Related Issues

nlk1205_ — 2024-01-22 17:58:57 UTC

Key Takeaways: At first, it was thought that this was because they have difficulty with the encoding phase because of inattention. However, newer research suggests that it might actually be because of problems with the temporary maintenance of information.