Kerman 1985

Ramsey 2001

Musicology originally describes the thinking about, research, and knowledge of all aspects of music

Many academics began only focusing on Western High-Art musicology and neglecting all other music

"Facts over Aesthetics"

Music Theory as the structure of music and how it "works"

Music theorists still mainly focus on Western Music

Ethnomusicology is referred to as the all-inclusive study of music of the world

Musicologists are history focused

Music theory is more prevalent today because of the modernism movement

Modernism composers continually try to find new ways of making music work

Musicologists deal with western art music before or around 1900, theorists after 1900, and ethnomusicologists with non-western and non elite music.

Criticism - the study of the meaning and value of art works

criticism has become a term used for reviewing arts and concerts in newspapers

serious musical criticism is still lacking compared to art and poetry, mainly through actual analysis

When the study of music history overlooks the aesthetic core of music, it becomes shallow

Musicology oriented towards criticism, and criticism oriented towards history

1960s populist black nationalism articulated a desire for political, cultural, economic separation from the dominant culture

black feminists wanted distinguishment from white feminists and critiqued the masculinist emphasis on the black nationalism

Eileen Southern - The Music of Black Americans: A History - 1971

Southern prepared to offer a course in black music and her colleagues stated that there was "just jazz and spirituals" in black music, which hardened her resolve

"The black musician has created an entirely new music-in a style peculiarly
American."

LeRoi Jones - Blues People -1963

Jones signified the importance between black music's development and African American social progress

Tracing the political economy of African American music from slavery to freedom

White writers continued to offer cultural translations of their own in the 60s and 70s

Charles Keil - Urban Blues

talks about blues being music of low class black men

stated white writers are usually documenting, defining, and social scientific

stated black writers are more likely to celebrate blues as a core metaphor

Boundary between humans and machines in early modern Italy

Castrati - Men who were castrated to achieve a higher singing voice

Mechanical innovations in early modern Italy merged with natural and magical sensibilities

Other forms of mutilation and trafficking of bodies in early Italy and the modern world, such as arranged marriages and sex trafficking

Rome - engineers and stage designers made wondrous devices

female singers were viewed as more erotic than castrati and were rejected by the church

Pasqualini's Fame performance and costume reflected an artificial instrument of sound

machines used to create spectacles of nature, water, and wind, forming a relationship with the natural and artificial