1. When did the mechanisation of agriculture occur in ACs?

   During the late 19th century around the 1880s

2. Define mechanisation.

   Mechanisation is the introduction of machinery or automated devices into a process, activity or place. Usually introduced to something that was a labour intensive practice. It greatly increases productivity, especially in agricultural practices.

3. What sort of machines could transform the lives of subsistence farmers in Africa today?

   Computer programmed milking parlours, tractors, combine harvestors, G[S

4. Find two examples of the most advanced technologies used in agriculture today e.g. GPS systems on tractors or computer- programmed milking parlours

   Fishermen have special software that is used to find fish downloaded on their chartplotters. Drones are also used to spread seeds across fields and reduce the time taken to grow crops

1. Produce a definition of commercial farming

The production of crops and farm animals for sale, usually with the use of modern technology

1. Describe how these technologies assist in commercial farming today

Improve accuracy, speed and development of agricultural crops through coded and automated farming in modern machinery.

1. Find an example of a large scale commercial farm and add images and two facts about it.

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=wywRw_ORj-Q

1. Define herbicide, pesticide and leaching 

   Herbicide - A substance that is toxic to plants and is used to destroy unwanted vegetation.

   Pesticide - a substance used for destroying insects or other organisms harmful to cultivated plants or to animals.

   Leaching - loss of soluble substances and colloids from the top layer of soil by percolating precipitation

2. What is intensive farming?

3. Summarise the key facts from the video 

4. Describe 4 impacts of commercial farming on the environment in the image from your textbook and if time find some images.

   1)causes the fields to go arid and loose nutrients

   2) water can cause pesticides to wash it into bodys of water

   3)growing the same crop all the time looses biodiversity

   4)loss of life to insects and birds due to insecticides

1. What is commercial fishing?

   Fishing from oceans, rivers, lakes and seas for the purpose of marketing them.

2. Describe and explain the problem of overfishing. What is a vacuum ship?

   Overfishing happens when to many fish in a particular stock are caught and theres not enough adults to breed and sustain a healthy population. This causes an upset in the balance within an ecosystem.

   Vacuum ship is a ship that gently vacuums up sea life from the sea bed.

3. a)What does by-catch mean?

   Fish and marine animal that were caught by accident, especially if a quota gives permission to catch one species however everything else is thrown back into the sea which are often dead, or dying.

   b)How have quotas caused problems?

Quotas are cumbersome in some countries to use them, they give permission to catch one species but the rest are thrown back into the ocean whether they are alive or dead .

1. What is bottom trawling and how does it cause problems for the ocean ecosystems?

   Trawling vessels drag huge nets over thousands of miles of our shallow coasts. It travels along the ocean floor, collecting ground fish or crabs. It targets slow moving and long-lived species. It crushes everything in its path, destroying ocean habitats and collapsing ecosystems.

2. How do fishermen use explosives to catch their fish and what is the impact on the ocean ecosystem?

   They sink a bottle filled with explosive mixture to the bottom of the ocean to kill / stun the fish from the shockwaves. This is known as blast fishing. The impact it has on the ocean ecosystem is detrimental, damaging habitats and killing indiscriminately, increasing the amount of bycatch which contributes to waste and hinders reproduction of species.

3. Look at the food chain below. Explain what would happen to the remainder of the ecosystem if:

   a) Lots of secondary consumers were caught

   The tertiary population (e.g seals) would decrease due to a lack of food / starving / competition, which would then cause the quaternary population (e.g. shark) to decrease as a result.

   b) Lots of quaternary consumers were caught

   The population of the tertiary consumers would increase due to a lack of predators. This would then cause the population of the secondary consumers to decrease as a result of increase predators. This would cause a imbalance in the ecosystem, and competition within the tertiary population would increase drastically, causing the population to decrease as a result.

1. What two main types of fish farms are there?

Open ocean net cages, inland ponds.

1. What are some of the problems that fish farms can produce? 

   Environmental concerns, Spoiling public water area, transmitting disease, discharging antibiotics and chemicals into the environment, releasing high concentration of fish waste.

2. Describe the solution that the video suggests could solve some of the problems.

   Geodesic sphere: Known as an aqua pod was created to withstand harsher conditions, it allows the fish farm to move with the ocean meaning waste can be more evenly distributed and it can be further offshore.