Started with social groups organization, such as tribes and repartition of tasks based on age and sex.

This organizational method is known for applying an empirical and community type of administration.

Ancient Egyptians: Administration context here was a centralized and theocratic monarchy headed by the Pharaoh; who was viewed as a divine ruler.

Mesopotamia: It primarily featured monarchies, with kings acting as the head of government and divine figures who ruled over city-states. Rulers were supported by officials like chief ministers, scribes and judges.

Rome 8th century BC- western Roman Empire 5th century AC: Envolved from a monarchy to a republic and finally an empire each with distinct structures. The Republic featured a system of magistrates, popular assemblies and the Senate, balancing powers among these branches.

Feudalism organizations appear as a descentralized administration way; and included more religious government practices such as churches and monarchs held the ultimate power, but relied mostly on feudal lords and nobles for military support and land management.

The apparition of National Centralized States begin and mercantilism, a method which applied administrative control of trade and economic wealth. First manufacture compannies appear.

Vapor machines were fundamental at this period as they were used for massive production in factories with the need of task supervision. A fundamental shift from tradicional management to new organizational structured begin.

Problems like organization, schedules and productivity started; trying to combine the previous traditional methods with the new industrial ones.

Key figures in educational administration like Frederick Taylor, Henri Fayol and Henry Ford got an important influence at this period of time.

Teories as Scientific administration (Taylor); Administrative Process (Fayol), and Mass production (Ford) are applied.

Administration shifts from a focus on mere tasks to managing complex individuals by promoting positive interpersonal dynamics, strong leadership, and open communication to foster motivation and productivity.

Elton Mayo plays a fundamental rule in aplying the Hawthorne studies, which remark the importance in motivation and human factor. Also focuses on communication, leadership and laboral climate.

Organization is viewed as an open system which interacts with the whole social environment; and focuses on integral processes.

Applies a key focus on innovation, quality and benchmarking. This administration method applies not only the common strategies but also knowledge, emotional intelligence and transformational leadership; these aspects also involve systems thinking.