Water pollution was present as agriculture and urbanization expanded due to the widespread of waste being dumped into the water

2. How much wood was being harvested?  What effects was this having?

Much wood was being harvested because of fuel, construction, and agriculture. The effects of this were that it led to deforestation, soil erosion, and biodiversity loss.

3. In what ways was disease affecting the world?

The bubonic plague was affecting the world.

Found in pre-industrial cities, came from runoff garbage, sewage, and industries of smelting/tanning.

2. How much water pollution was there?  Where did it come from?

The water pollution was less severe yet more localized. Came from human waste, sewage, and industries.

3. How did humans get most of the energy they needed to survive?

Humans gained most energy by natural sources and animal intelligence. 

4. Was conservation being practiced anywhere in the world?  How?

In ancient civilizations early conservation was practiced as cultural and religious beliefs.

5. Why was lead poisoning a problem?

Lead was a poisoning problem due to the use of it being in preparation for food, household items, and health issues especially in ancient Rome.

Deforestation, water, and air pollution increased significantly, causing harm and damage to land and people.

2. What did Thomas Malthus predict?

Thomas Malthus predicted that the future would end up in a disaster as he believed that poverty and famine were the main problems in society.

3. Give examples of new pollution affecting the world.

Motor vehicles have been damaging to the environment since the 1800's.

4.  Why did sanitation become so important?

Sanitation was important during this time because diseases could be easily caught anywhere, especially from working in factories. 

5. How was the air pollution at this time?

Air pollution was quickly spread due to many factories being built and the use of coal.

6. How was the water pollution at this time?

Water pollution was rising due to emerging companies dumping waste into public bodies of water.

7. What happened when the “Mother of the Forest” was cut down?

The bark was stripped. The remains were sent to England to become a display, but the public held different opinions. Multiple magazine businesses talked about their view on the situation, majority disagreeing with deforestation. 

Worker rights, food checking, and overall progressive reforms were occurring from the late 1800’s to the early 1900’s.

2. What did Theodore Roosevelt fight for?

Roosevelt fought for domestic policies, fairness between citizens, and environmental safety.

3. What new organizations were formed?

   Organizations such as the NAACP, labor unions, and professional and civic groups.

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was founded on July 9, 1970

2. How was air pollution reduced?

EPA and the State of California reduced air pollution by increasingly applying strict standards to vehicles and industrial sources by applying the Clear Air Act of 1970.

3. How was water pollution reduced?

The Clear Water Act of 1972 established requirements to lessen/limit the cause and source of pollution. Alongside the Water Quality Improvement Act, its main purpose is to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation’s waters.

4. What two new sources of pollution begin causing concern?

• Nitrogen oxide

• Non-methane volatile organic compound

• Chernobyl disaster at a nuclear power plant in Ukraine on April 26, 1986

• Loma Prieta earthquake with a magnitude of 6.9 on October 17, 1989

• Exxon Valdez oil spill of 38m gallons of crude oil on March 24, 1989

• Nevado Del Ruiz volcanic eruption launching magma over 30km on November 13, 1985

• Mount St. Helen’s as America’s most significant volcanic eruption on May 18, 1980

  2. What two major issues involving the Earth’s atmosphere arise?

Increased greenhouse gas emissions from human activity and melting of polar ice caps in Antarctica.

Over 700 oil wells were blown up and gas emissions have risen to 20k tons daily.

2. What does China construct that causes much controversy?

The Three Gorges Dam, which unintentionally deposited over 265b gallons of sewage into the Yangtze River every year. 

Clinton signed the Energy Policy Act of 2005 to establish renewable fuel standards and energy efficiency.

2. How does the Bush presidency handle global warming and climate change?

Bush opposed the Kyoto Protocol and instead proposed an alternative plan to reduce greenhouse gasses by 18% over 10 years.

3. How does the world react to leaded gasoline?

Many countries began to stop the use of leaded gasoline because of its harmful effects on the human body once exposed.