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1. A survey of disco goers on a Friday or Saturday night.

Simple random sampling would be appropriate for this scenario. Each disco goer on a Friday or Saturday night has an equal chance of being included in the survey. Potential limitations could include sampling bias if certain demographics are overrepresented or underrepresented due to the time of the survey.

2. A study of employees’ attitudes towards family planning in DR. VICTOR R. POTENCIANO MEDICAL CENTER.

Simple random sampling might be challenging in this specific setting. Instead, a stratified random sampling method could be more appropriate, ensuring representation from various departments or units within the medical center. Limitations may include difficulty in reaching certain departments or potential reluctance to disclose personal attitudes.

3. A survey of Olongapo City resident’s attitude to Nuclear Power Plants.

Simple random sampling can be suitable here. Each resident in Olongapo City should have an equal chance of being selected. Challenges may arise if certain groups, like those with strong opinions on the topic, are more or less likely to participate, leading to a potential sampling bias.

4. A survey of Tiktok users following a Famous Tiktok Celebrity.

Simple random sampling may not be the most practical here due to the nature of online platforms. A convenience sampling method could be more suitable to reach this specific target audience. Results may not be generalizable to all Tiktok users, as the sample is based on those following a particular celebrity.

5. College students’ acceptability of school policies on discipline.

Simple random sampling can be applied here. Each college student has an equal chance of being selected, ensuring a representative view. Challenges may arise if certain groups of students are more or less likely to participate, potentially impacting the generalizability of the findings.

6. Mental Health Status of RTU students doing online classes.

A stratified random sampling method might be suitable here, ensuring representation from different courses or levels of students. Challenges could include reaching students who might be less connected or engaged in online activities, potentially affecting the sample's representativeness.

1.Can you think of some different "strata" (other than marital status) that could be used if you were undertaking a stratified

sample of the adult population of a certain city? Give example. Discuss.

• EDUCATION LEVEL - Looking at people's educational backgrounds can give us insights into how their opinions and behaviors differ. We might categorize them based on whether they finished high school, obtained a college degree, or pursued postgraduate qualifications. This helps us understand the unique perspectives that arise from different educational experiences.

  
  

2. The GRAB company employs 150 part-time staff and 550 full-time staff, and you want to carry out depth interviews with 20 of these. If you were to take a random sample, you might find that all the names you selected were part-time staff. For this reason, you have decided to undertake a stratified sample. Work out how many

part-time and how many full-time employees you should interview to accurately reflect the proportions of the two groups in the whole workforce.

• Given the total workforce of 150 part-time staff and 550 full-time staff:

  • Proportion of Part-Time Staff = 150 / (150 + 550) = 150 / 700 = 0.2143

  • Proportion of Full-Time Staff = 550 / (150 + 550) = 550 / 700 = 0.7857

  • Number of Part-Time Employees to Interview = 0.2143 * 20 = 4.00

  • Number of Full-Time Employees to Interview = 0.7857 * 20 = 16

3.You are employed by a DENR research department and have been asked to undertake a study across the whole of the Country to determine attitudes towards the Nuclear Power Plant.

What are the possible sampling frames for this study?

You have been asked to interview 10,000 people in total. Consider what would happen if you undertook a simple random survey...... Of these 10,000 you might, for example, must interview 2 people in NCR,

3 in the R -III, a dozen scattered across the R - IV, and so on.

As this is costly, both in terms of time and money, it would be considered more efficient to undertake a Multi-stage Cluster Sample.

Think of some ways in which you could divide the country up into progressively smaller sections to undertake this type of sample.

Sampling Frames

1. Diverse Regions - Divide the country into significant regions like Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao.

2. Provinces or States - Utilize provinces or states as distinctive categories to explore people's viewpoints.

3. Urban or Rural Areas - Examine smaller urban or rural settings to gain insights into local perspectives.

4. Communities or Districts - Narrow down the focus to communities or districts for a more localized understanding.

5. Individual Backgrounds - Consider demographic factors such as age, occupation, income, and education to discern varied viewpoints.

6. Diverse Social Groups - Explore opinions within different social or cultural groups to capture diverse perspectives.

7. Occupational Perspectives - Analyze specific occupational sectors, such as energy, environment, or healthcare, to understand professional viewpoints.

Multi-stage Cluster Sampling:

1. Initial Stage - Regional Division - Begin by randomly selecting a few major regions, such as Luzon, Visayas, or Mindanao.

2. Second Stage - Provincial Selection - Within the chosen regions, randomly pick specific provinces or states for further exploration.

3. Third Stage - City or Town Choice - At the provincial level, randomly choose particular cities or towns for a more focused study.

4. Fourth Stage - Neighborhood or District Focus - Narrow down the selection to neighborhoods or districts, ensuring a closer examination of local sentiments.

5. Final Stage - Household Selection - Conclude by randomly selecting households within the chosen neighborhoods for in-depth interviews.

4. How might you go about undertaking a purposive sample of people aged 60 and over who live in the isolated area of Zambales to be sure of being able to speak to both genders, the very old as well as the newly retired and including a range of socio-economic groupings?

5.If you were to undertake a convenience sample of people who were walking past you in the main street in Boracay island on a Sunday morning, which groups of the

population would be over-represented and which groups would be under-represented?

OVER - REPRESENTED GROUP:

Tourists and Vacationers - Travelers in Boracay, especially those leisurely strolling along the main street, are likely to be overrepresented. Tourists often explore popular areas and visit tourist attractions.

UNDER - REPRESENTED GROUP:

Local Residents Engaged in Work - Individuals who work on Sundays or have other commitments that keep them indoors may be underrepresented. This could include residents with work responsibilities.

6.If you were undertaking a questionnaire on college students' attitudes to banking services at the BANK ZZZ, and decided to deliver it through a convenience sample at

the bar of the Students Organization, which groups of students would be overrepresented, and which would be under-represented?

OVER - REPRESENTED GROUP:

Frequent Bar-goers: Those students who regularly hang out at the bar for socializing or events may dominate the sample. This group, known for their social and outgoing lifestyles, could shape the survey results.

UNDER - REPRESENTED GROUP:

Students with Part-time Commitments: Those juggling part-time jobs or other off-campus responsibilities might not be seen often at on-campus social spots, leading to their potential exclusion from the convenience sample.

7.Can you think of some ways in which you might draw attention to your project when looking for a self-selected sample? What is the main disadvantage of

self-selection?

• Participate in events – whether by attending or organizing ones that align with your project's theme. Engaging with the audience at conferences, seminars, or workshops can create interest and inspire individuals to actively participate.