The History of our Education System by Pete Schoen https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl en-us 2021-07-29 21:44:31 UTC 2023-04-21 01:44:35 UTC hello@padlet.com 1800's https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1664405126 " 'Common Schools' were first conceived in the United States and Canada. A Common School was a public, often one-roomed school ...The term was coined by Horace Mann and refers to the school's aim to serve [white] individuals of all social classes and religions."
Discipline was often a staple force of these schools and involved deliberate public shaming. "The teacher sat the 'naughty' child at the front of the class and had them wear a paper cone-shaped hat, branded with the letter “D” for dunce, meaning “idiot.” ...
Other punishments included making a child hold heavy books, stand against the wall for extended periods of time, or receive lashes with a whip."

https://blogs.ancestry.com/cm/how-school-was-different-in-the-1800s/

]]> 2021-07-29 21:56:25 UTC https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1664405126 1849 https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1667142323 "Massachusetts Supreme Court rules that segregated schools are permissible under the state's constitution. U.S. Supreme Court later uses this case to support the "separate but equal" doctrine." 

https://masshumanities.org/files/programs/harvest/timeline.pdf]]> 2021-08-02 23:02:42 UTC https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1667142323 1850s https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1667146856 "With Dred Scott decision, Supreme Court upholds denial of citizenship to African Americans and rules that descendants of slaves are "so far inferior that they had no rights which the white man was bound to respect."]]> 2021-08-02 23:11:42 UTC https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1667146856 1830's https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1667148231 "The "Indian Removal Act" leads to the forced displacement of well over a hundred thousand Indigenous Peoples who were forced to move West to make room for white settlers. President George Washington believed that the best way to solve this “Indian problem” was simply to “civilize” the Native Americans. The goal of this civilization campaign was to make Native Americans as much like white Americans as possible by encouraging them convert to Christianity, learn to speak and read English and adopt European-style economic practices such as the individual ownership of land and other property (including, in some instances in the South, African slaves)."

https://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/trail-of-tears]]> 2021-08-02 23:14:19 UTC https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1667148231 1830's (cont.) https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1667151463 "The first residential facilities [for Native children] were developed in New France (part of modern day Canada) by Catholic Missionaries... Residential schools became part of government and church policy from the 1830s on, with the creation of Anglican, Methodist, and Roman Catholic institutions."

https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/residential-schools

]]> 2021-08-02 23:20:14 UTC https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1667151463 1830's https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1667162595 Some states such as Indiana began requiring "teachers to be examined for certification. For example, in Indiana, when it came to teacher’s curriculums, there was no prevailing teaching philosophy, except for one thing, “Spare the rod and spoil the child.” Teachers soliciting work would often include methods of discipline in their advertisements. 
A teacher’s ability was often measured by their ability to govern a classroom ... It was believed by the pioneers that schoolmasters needed to instill self-discipline in children early, so they would meet the standards of the community."

https://www.pageafterpage.org/how-schools-operated-in-1830]]> 2021-08-02 23:41:07 UTC https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1667162595 1647 https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1667166158 "The General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony decrees that every town of fifty families should have an elementary school and that every town of 100 families should have a Latin school. The goal is to ensure that Puritan children learn to read the Bible and receive basic information about their Calvinist religion."

https://www.raceforward.org/research/reports/historical-timeline-public-education-us]]> 2021-08-02 23:46:20 UTC https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1667166158 1779 https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1667166784 "Thomas Jefferson proposes a two-track educational system, with different tracks in his words for "the laboring and the learned." Scholarship would allow a very few of the laboring class to advance, Jefferson says, by "raking a few geniuses from the rubbish.""

https://www.raceforward.org/research/reports/historical-timeline-public-education-us]]> 2021-08-02 23:47:06 UTC https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1667166784 1785 https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1667167149 "The Continental Congress (before the U.S. Constitution was ratified) passes a law calling for a survey of the "Northwest Territory" which ... created "townships," reserving a portion of each township for a local school. From these "land grants" (i.e. stolen Indigenous lands) eventually came the U.S. system of "land grant universities," the state public universities that exist today."

https://www.raceforward.org/research/reports/historical-timeline-public-education-us]]> 2021-08-02 23:47:42 UTC https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1667167149 1790 https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1667168430 "Pennsylvania state constitution calls for free public education but only for poor children. It is expected that rich people will pay for their children's schooling."

https://www.raceforward.org/research/reports/historical-timeline-public-education-us]]> 2021-08-02 23:50:00 UTC https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1667168430 1805 https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1667168971 "New York Public School Society formed by wealthy businessmen to provide education for poor children. Schools are run on the "Lancasterian" model, in which one "master" can teach hundreds of students in a single room. The master gives a rote lesson to the older students, who then pass it down to the younger students. These schools emphasize discipline and obedience qualities that factory owners want in their workers."

https://www.raceforward.org/research/reports/historical-timeline-public-education-us]]> 2021-08-02 23:50:57 UTC https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1667168971 1830's (cont.) https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1667170656 "Most southern states have laws forbidding teaching people in slavery to read. Even so, around 5 percent become literate at great personal risk."

https://www.raceforward.org/research/reports/historical-timeline-public-education-us]]> 2021-08-02 23:53:50 UTC https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1667170656 1848 https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1667172260 "Massachusetts Reform School at Westboro opens, where children who have refused to attend public schools are sent. This begins a long tradition of "reform schools," which combine the education and juvenile justice systems."

https://www.raceforward.org/research/reports/historical-timeline-public-education-us]]> 2021-08-02 23:56:34 UTC https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1667172260 1635 https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1667192182 "On April 23, 1635, the first public school in what would become the United States was established in Boston, Massachusetts. Known as the Boston Latin School, this boys-only public secondary school was led by schoolmaster Philemon Pormont, a Puritan settler. The Boston Latin School was strictly for college preparation."

https://www.nationalgeographic.org/thisday/apr23/first-public-school-america/

]]> 2021-08-03 00:22:59 UTC https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1667192182 1838 - Horace Mann https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673309783
In 1838, he founded and edited The Common School Journal. In this journal, Mann targeted the public school and its problems. His six main principles were:

  1. the public should no longer remain ignorant;
  2. that such education should be paid for, controlled, and sustained by an interested public;
  3. that this education will be best provided in schools that embrace children from a variety of backgrounds;
  4. that this education must be non-sectarian;
  5. that this education must be taught using the tenets of a free society; and
  6. that education should be provided by well-trained, professional teachers.
Horace Mann - Wikipedia
]]> 2021-08-09 20:31:27 UTC https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673309783 1950s kerrysteinke https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673311234  1950s Supreme Court hears oral arguments in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. In a unanimous opinion, Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education overturns Plessy and declares that separate schools are "inherently unequal." Court rules that federal government is under same duty as states, and must desegregate Washington DC schools. Between 1955 and 1960, federal judges will hold more than 200 school desegregation hearings. Tennessee Governor Frank Clement calls in National Guard after white mobs attempt to block the desegregation of a high school. More than 1,000 paratroopers from 101st Airborne Division and federalized Arkansas National Guard protect nine black students integrating Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. 25,000 young people march in Washington, D.C., in support of integration. Prince Edward County, Virginia closes public schools rather than integrate. White students attend private academies; black students do not return to class until 1963, when Ford Foundation funds private black schools. Supreme Court orders county to reopen schools on a desegregated basis in 1964. ]]> 2021-08-09 20:33:23 UTC https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673311234 1926 kerrysteinke https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673312208 First SAT based on Army alpha test]]> 2021-08-09 20:34:54 UTC https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673312208 1865-1877 https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673312398 African Americans mobilize to bring public education to the South for the first time. After the Civil War, and with the legal end of slavery, African Americans in the South make alliances with white Republicans to push for many political changes, including for the first time rewriting state constitutions to guarantee free public education. In practice, white children benefit more than Black children.]]> 2021-08-09 20:35:14 UTC https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673312398 1851 https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673313264 State of Massachusetts passes first its compulsory education law. The goal is to make sure that the children of poor immigrants get "civilized" and learn obedience and restraint, so they make good workers and don't contribute to social upheaval.]]> 2021-08-09 20:36:34 UTC https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673313264 Civil Rights Act of 1875 melindafreeland https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673313527 The House passed the Civil Rights Act of 1875 outlawing racial discrimination in juries, schools, transportation, and public accommodations. It was passed by the Senate only after all references to equal and integrated education were removed, and the Supreme Court struck it down in 1883 claiming the Constitution did not extend to private businesses.]]> 2021-08-09 20:36:59 UTC https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673313527 1929 kerrysteinke https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673313674 Jean Piaget published the child's conception of the world-cognitive development ]]> 2021-08-09 20:37:12 UTC https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673313674 1900-1925 https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673314585 Educational seem influenced by xenophobia-schools were either used to assimilate immigrants or had to be forced to provide education to non-Americans.  

Federal funding was provided to vocational schooling, moving control of teaching skills from the unions to public schools.]]> 2021-08-09 20:38:37 UTC https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673314585 1885 https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673314663 On October 15, Morris-Brown College opens in Atlanta, Georgia. It is "the first educational institution in Georgia under sole African-American patronage."]]> 2021-08-09 20:38:44 UTC https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673314663 1931 kerrysteinke https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673314876 Avarez vs Lemon Grove- 1st time segregation by race ]]> 2021-08-09 20:39:03 UTC https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673314876 1905 wozniakl https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673315238 The state of California is required to extend public education to the children of Chinese immigrants.]]> 2021-08-09 20:39:35 UTC https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673315238 1868 https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673316038 After a bitter fight over federal encroachment in education, Congress downgrades the new department to an Office of Education within the Department of Interior. Education did not regain its separate departmental status until 1979.

]]> 2021-08-09 20:40:52 UTC https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673316038 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson melindafreeland https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673317712 The Supreme Court ruled against Homer Plessy, a 30-year-old African American who argued requiring Blacks to ride is separate train cars violated the 13th and 14th Amendments, and upheld the law making separate but equal policies legal.]]> 2021-08-09 20:41:37 UTC https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673317712 1910s https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673317963 Since the 1910s, the broadening recognition of the value of a progressive education was having a positive effect on curricula. Across the country, school systems gradually were branching out from the old-fashioned rote learning of the "three Rs"—reading, 'riting, and 'rithmetic—to a broader range of topics: algebra, geometry, civics, American government and history, as well as industrial arts, home economics, and personal hygiene. Progressive educators felt that part of the learning process was to gain the interest of the student. They believed education prepared a student to be a good citizen as well as a productive member of the workforce.]]> 2021-08-09 20:41:56 UTC https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673317963 1917 wozniakl https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673317973 The Smith-Hughes Act passes enabling federal funding for vocational education. This was when the Industrial Revolution was growing, so having education that pushed people straight into the workforce growing in popularity. This was pushed by manufacturing companies in order to take the control from unions and manage this themselves.]]> 2021-08-09 20:41:57 UTC https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673317973 1879 kalvarado43 https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673318414 The first Indian boarding school opens in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. It becomes the model for a total of 26 similar schools, all with the goal of assimilating Indian children into the mainstream culture. The schools leave a controversial legacy. Though some see them as a noble, albeit largely unsuccessful experiment, many view their legacy to be one of alienation and "cultural dislocation." The Carlisle Indian Industrial School closes in 1918. Famous athlete Jim Thorpe is among the school's thousands of alumni.]]> 2021-08-09 20:42:36 UTC https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673318414 1954 maryschimmelbusch https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673318599  1950s Supreme Court hears oral arguments in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. In a unanimous opinion, Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education overturns Plessy and declares that separate schools are "inherently unequal." Court rules that federal government is under same duty as states, and must desegregate Washington DC schools. Between 1955 and 1960, federal judges will hold more than 200 school desegregation hearings. Tennessee Governor Frank Clement calls in National Guard after white mobs attempt to block the desegregation of a high school. More than 1,000 paratroopers from 101st Airborne Division and federalized Arkansas National Guard protect nine black students integrating Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. 25,000 young people march in Washington, D.C., in support of integration. Prince Edward County, Virginia closes public schools rather than integrate. White students attend private academies; black students do not return to class until 1963, when Ford Foundation funds private black schools. Supreme Court orders county to reopen schools on a desegregated basis in 1964. ]]> 2021-08-09 20:42:53 UTC https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673318599 1983 https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673320618 The publication, "A Nation At Risk" is released which " contributed to the ever-growing assertion that American schools were failing, and it touched off a wave of local, state, and federal reform efforts." Ideas around students' SAT scores falling behind other powerful nations, were discussed. Many of the areas that were given as students falling behind in are the same as the ideas in the CCSS.]]> 2021-08-09 20:44:42 UTC https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673320618 1870s https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673321135 Congress passes Civil Rights Act of 1875, banning racial discrimination in public accommodations. 

Federal officials begin separating Native American children from their families and force them to attend boarding schools off the reservation ]]> 2021-08-09 20:45:13 UTC https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673321135 1868 https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673321190 The 14th amendment is ratified, guaranteeing "equal protection under the law." ]]> 2021-08-09 20:45:19 UTC https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673321190 1860s https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673321563 In 1865-1866 the American Tract Society printed several textbooks, including The Freedman's Spelling-Book, for use by freedpeople. In addition to teaching literacy, the spelling book illustrated words "in connection with important practical subjects; as occupations, domestic life, civil institutions, morals, education, and natural science" with the intent of providing "practical information . . . of great value to the freedmen in the new condition into which Providence has raised them." A reprint of this volume is found in Freedmen's Schools and Textbooks, published in 1980.]]> 2021-08-09 20:45:54 UTC https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673321563 1987 https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673321579 proposition 187 in California made it illegal to provide education to the children of undocumented immigrants, overturned by supreme court but fuels anti immigration sentiment across the country]]> 2021-08-09 20:45:56 UTC https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673321579 1975 amandascofield https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673321598 Since 1975, the National Association for Bilingual Education (NABE) has been a non-profit membership organization that works to advocate for educational equity and academic excellence for bilingual/multilingual students in a global society.

NABE’s priorities include:  Improving instructional programs and practices for linguistically and culturally diverse children; providing bilingual and dual language educators with high-quality professional development opportunities; securing adequate funding for quality dual language programs serving English Learners (ELs); and keeping the rights of ELs clearly in focus as states and communities move forward with sustainable educational reforms.

]]> 2021-08-09 20:45:57 UTC https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673321598 1982 - Plyler v. Doe kekirby1 https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673321792 The Supreme Court ruled that states cannot withhold funding for schools that admit students who are not "legally admitted" to the United States under the Equal Protection clause of the 14th Amendment. This meant that all school age students living in the United States, regardless of their immigration status, could receive a public education. ]]> 2021-08-09 20:46:08 UTC https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673321792 Alvarez vs. Lemon Grove https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673322210 https://sandiegohistory.org/journal/1986/april/lemongrove/]]> 2021-08-09 20:46:38 UTC https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673322210 https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673322251 1877-1900 - Reconstruction ends - constitutions are re-written to guarantee free public education - in practice, this benefitted white children more than Black children]]> 2021-08-09 20:46:41 UTC https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673322251 1996 https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673323224 California bans affirmative action

]]> 2021-08-09 20:47:46 UTC https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673323224 1920s https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673323413 Teaching is becomming more of a social science. Schools are organized into Elementary, Middle, High School systems, in part to facilitate gathering data and statistics on how children learn. ]]> 2021-08-09 20:48:01 UTC https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673323413 1892 NEA Committee of Ten melindafreeland https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673323465 A committee lead by the president of Harvard University recommended eight years of elementary ed and four years of secondary, identifying two curricula with a classical trend and two more contemporary. It offered alternatives to Latin and Greek classical curricula and believed the goal of high school was to prepare students to do well in life, contribute to their own and society's well-being, and prepare some students for college.]]> 2021-08-09 20:48:05 UTC https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673323465 2002-2015 https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673323998 The No Child Left Behind Act is signed into law by George W. Bush.  It mandates high stake testing, holds school accountable for achievement and penalizes schools who do not make adequate yearly progress.  
Focus was on testing, less flexibility in the classroom.  States were penalized for not making progress.

In 2011, states began asking for flexibility in the requirements of NCLB.  
In 2015 the Every Students Succeeds Act. The latest version is the Elementary and Secondary Education Act replaced NCLB. The ESSA allows more state control.


]]> 2021-08-09 20:48:47 UTC https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673323998 2021 - Critical Race Theory (CRE) banned in many states https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673333547 The teaching of Critical Race Theory is banned in a number of states. Florida legislation describes CRT as "the theory that racism is not merely the product of prejudice, but that racism is embedded in American society and its legal systems in order to uphold the supremacy of white persons."

Critical race theory tracker: Where it's been banned (districtadministration.com)]]> 2021-08-09 21:02:31 UTC https://padlet.com/petes/wxzolk8ax562wqkl/wish/1673333547