https://padlet.com/owens_k/wwtj76cn3dtpgc68 Choose a case from here: https://www.oyez.org/issues/338 and give a brief description of the case. Then, explain whether or not the Court considered the issue a violation of the establishment clause. en-us 2020-11-05 01:08:01 UTC 2020-11-06 19:32:27 UTC hello@padlet.com owens_k https://padlet.com/owens_k/wwtj76cn3dtpgc68/wish/892356151
A voluntary prayer was reciting at the start of every school day in New York.  
The court ruled that this violated the establishment clause even if participation was not required and the prayer was not tied to a specific religion.  

]]> 2020-11-05 01:08:01 UTC https://padlet.com/owens_k/wwtj76cn3dtpgc68/wish/892356151 https://padlet.com/owens_k/wwtj76cn3dtpgc68/wish/898856951 Pennsylvania state law required a daily bible reading in the morning at public schools. The court ruled that it broke the establishment clause.]]> 2020-11-06 19:15:22 UTC https://padlet.com/owens_k/wwtj76cn3dtpgc68/wish/898856951 https://padlet.com/owens_k/wwtj76cn3dtpgc68/wish/898857616 The Trump Administration issued several executive orders which restricted and practically banned travel from several countries to the United States. Hawaii and several other states sued, arguing that there was both anti-muslim bias in the travel bans, but also that the action violated the statutory of the President and the Establishment Clause.

The Court did not find that either were violated, and that the bans did not exhibit anti-muslim sentiment.]]> 2020-11-06 19:15:32 UTC https://padlet.com/owens_k/wwtj76cn3dtpgc68/wish/898857616 https://padlet.com/owens_k/wwtj76cn3dtpgc68/wish/898858516 In 1981, a group of high school students from WIlliamsport, formed a club named "Petros" which was to promote spiritual growth and positive attitudes in the members' lives. The club asked the principal if they could have permission to meet  on the school premises during the regular school day - which the principal did allow. But the schoolboard decided that this club could not be allowed which led to the group suing.
    
The court ruled in favor of the students and that it did not violate the establishment clause. They also said the the school board was incorrect in not allowing the club.                           ]]> 2020-11-06 19:15:47 UTC https://padlet.com/owens_k/wwtj76cn3dtpgc68/wish/898858516 gconn2 https://padlet.com/owens_k/wwtj76cn3dtpgc68/wish/898859018 Churches get tax exemptions and taxpayers are forced to indirectly contribute to churches.
The court decided that the tax exemptions did not violate the Establishment Cause. They pointed out that the exemption applied to all churches and the exemptions weren't there to advance religion.]]> 2020-11-06 19:15:55 UTC https://padlet.com/owens_k/wwtj76cn3dtpgc68/wish/898859018 https://padlet.com/owens_k/wwtj76cn3dtpgc68/wish/898859132 The Adolescent Family Life Act (AFLA) gave federal funding towards services in the area of premarital sexual activities among teenagers. Over time, they benefited multiple organizations with religious ties. The court ruled that this did NOT violate the establishment clause since the "advancement of religion" was not the main effect. Also, the AFLA required the organizations to reveal what the money would be used for, thus the government could protect its money from misuse.]]> 2020-11-06 19:15:56 UTC https://padlet.com/owens_k/wwtj76cn3dtpgc68/wish/898859132 https://padlet.com/owens_k/wwtj76cn3dtpgc68/wish/898859808 Kentucky store owners were fined for scheduling workers on Sundays, as it violated a Kentucky statute. The owners of the stores contested the fine.

The fine was upheld, as it was ruled by the first amendment that religions must be respected. 

Therefore the court ruled that not upholding the statute  violated the free exercise clause]]> 2020-11-06 19:16:08 UTC https://padlet.com/owens_k/wwtj76cn3dtpgc68/wish/898859808 https://padlet.com/owens_k/wwtj76cn3dtpgc68/wish/898860883 A Kentucky Law required that all public schools have a copy of the ten Commandments in each classroom. Some parents brought it to court, including stone. The court eventually ruled in favor of stone because the ten commandments are secular in nature]]> 2020-11-06 19:16:24 UTC https://padlet.com/owens_k/wwtj76cn3dtpgc68/wish/898860883 https://padlet.com/owens_k/wwtj76cn3dtpgc68/wish/898860915 A kid would say a overly Christian Prayer over the PA system before every football game, A Catholic and Mormon Family sued the school. This violated the Established Clause because the speech was taking place in a government sponsored advent. In this case a Public High School Football Game. ]]> 2020-11-06 19:16:24 UTC https://padlet.com/owens_k/wwtj76cn3dtpgc68/wish/898860915 https://padlet.com/owens_k/wwtj76cn3dtpgc68/wish/898861480 At the University of Missouri, a student run organization called Cornerstone requested to use campus facilities for religious and biblical studies during the week, were denied by the university officials. These officials concluded that these meetings would violate parts of the Collected Rules and Regulations of the University of Missouri. The US court of appeals deemed the University was inhibiting religion, and violating the first amendment's establishment clause.]]> 2020-11-06 19:16:32 UTC https://padlet.com/owens_k/wwtj76cn3dtpgc68/wish/898861480 https://padlet.com/owens_k/wwtj76cn3dtpgc68/wish/898861712 The Minnesota Charitable Solicitation Act (established a system of registering charitable organizations that solicit money). It It required all organization who were a part of that act to file extensive reports with the Department of Commerce and those who were engaged in dishonest practices could be turned away. In 78, religious organizations were added and they didn't want to be a part of it because they received most of their funding from non members.

The court ruled that it didn't pass the lemon test because it would advance or inhibit religion so it was concluded that the revised act broke the establishment clause.]]> 2020-11-06 19:16:36 UTC https://padlet.com/owens_k/wwtj76cn3dtpgc68/wish/898861712 https://padlet.com/owens_k/wwtj76cn3dtpgc68/wish/898861997 Donald E Thornton worked at a department store chain called Caldor, as a manager. He was a Presbyterian and requested to be off work on Sunday, despite the fact that every manager had to work one hour every four Sunday's. He was offered another position at a store an hour away which did not have Sunday hours. He declined the job and was faced with a demotion. There was a Connecticut law giving all employees the right to not work on their Sabbath. Thornton filed a grievance with the state board of mediation which was ruled in his favor. Later in the Supreme Court the Connecticut law was determined to be unconstitutional citing it favored those who observed a Sabbath. The ruling was 8-1. ]]> 2020-11-06 19:16:41 UTC https://padlet.com/owens_k/wwtj76cn3dtpgc68/wish/898861997 https://padlet.com/owens_k/wwtj76cn3dtpgc68/wish/898862128 Section 702 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 does not violate the Establishment Clause by allowing religious employers to choose employees for nonreligious jobs based on their religion.  The Court found that Section 702 satisfied this criterion, since it ensured that the government would not determine for religious organizations what they could count as religious activities. ]]> 2020-11-06 19:16:43 UTC https://padlet.com/owens_k/wwtj76cn3dtpgc68/wish/898862128 https://padlet.com/owens_k/wwtj76cn3dtpgc68/wish/898864521 In 1934 a cross honoring fallen soldiers was erected in a national park. Years later the park denied petitions to create a buddhist shrine  in the same park, and then sold the land to a private investor. The problem was that during the land's time under federal control they allowed christian symbols and not other. 
It was ruled that this was unfair.]]> 2020-11-06 19:17:18 UTC https://padlet.com/owens_k/wwtj76cn3dtpgc68/wish/898864521 https://padlet.com/owens_k/wwtj76cn3dtpgc68/wish/898864675 The Milford Central School allowed community groups to use there building after the school day was over. The Good News Club was a private, Christian group that took advantage of this opprotunity. The school saw the group reciting pray and hymms and decided that they would not be allowed to do this on the grounds that it was against their community use policy. The Good News Club argued that this was against their 1st amendment rights.

The court ruled that Milford Central School was limited The Good News Club's freedom of speech and therefore they would be allowed to continue using the Milford Central School's building to hold their meetings.]]> 2020-11-06 19:17:21 UTC https://padlet.com/owens_k/wwtj76cn3dtpgc68/wish/898864675 abraman https://padlet.com/owens_k/wwtj76cn3dtpgc68/wish/898865018 A rabbi was invited to speak at a graduation ceremony in a public school in Providence, Rhode Island. 

It was decided that the inclusion of a clergy who offers prayers at a school ceremony was unconstitutional because it forced religion on students in a public environment.]]> 2020-11-06 19:17:27 UTC https://padlet.com/owens_k/wwtj76cn3dtpgc68/wish/898865018 https://padlet.com/owens_k/wwtj76cn3dtpgc68/wish/898865363 Several employees of a discount department store sold a few items, such as floor wax and loose-leaf notebooks, to customers on a Sunday. By doing so, they violated Maryland's blue laws which only allow certain items, such as drugs, tobacco, newspapers and some foodstuffs, to be sold on Sundays.

Court ruled that this did not violate the Free Exercise Clause because the employees allege only economic injury and not infringement on their own religious practices.]]> 2020-11-06 19:17:33 UTC https://padlet.com/owens_k/wwtj76cn3dtpgc68/wish/898865363 https://padlet.com/owens_k/wwtj76cn3dtpgc68/wish/898865901 A monument with the Ten Commandments was erected on government property in Texas.

The court ruled that the Ten Commandments had historical value to the United States, and that promoting a message consistent with a religious doctrine does not violate the establishment clause. ]]> 2020-11-06 19:17:42 UTC https://padlet.com/owens_k/wwtj76cn3dtpgc68/wish/898865901 https://padlet.com/owens_k/wwtj76cn3dtpgc68/wish/898866331 The ACLU sued three counties in Kentucky for displaying the Ten Commandments in public schools and courthouses. 
The court ruled that it violated the establishment clause because their purpose had been to advance religion.]]> 2020-11-06 19:17:49 UTC https://padlet.com/owens_k/wwtj76cn3dtpgc68/wish/898866331 https://padlet.com/owens_k/wwtj76cn3dtpgc68/wish/898869755 A city in RI put up a holiday display including a Santa Claus house, a Christmas tree, a "seasons greetings" banner, and a nativity scene in front of its shopping district every year. One citizen claimed it violated the establishment clause. The Supreme Court decided that it did not actively endorse or promote Christianity, but rather displayed the historical origins to the holiday which had "legitimate secular purposes."]]> 2020-11-06 19:18:44 UTC https://padlet.com/owens_k/wwtj76cn3dtpgc68/wish/898869755 https://padlet.com/owens_k/wwtj76cn3dtpgc68/wish/898891338 Stores were selling items on Sundays that were not allowed to be sold due to Maryland law. It was argued that these laws violated the freedom of religion. It was ruled that this was not a violation of religious freedom because it only hurts people economically, not religiously.]]> 2020-11-06 19:24:48 UTC https://padlet.com/owens_k/wwtj76cn3dtpgc68/wish/898891338