https://padlet.com/knottsjohnson02/wwoegl9xf39g94g6 Streptobacillus moniliformis en-us 2023-07-16 19:18:17 UTC 2023-07-16 22:01:28 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/2090730490/e9e79a83d1664d0ffc9a52cda6dfc8e5/Streptobacillus_moniliformis_3D_illustration.jpg knottsjohnson02 https://padlet.com/knottsjohnson02/wwoegl9xf39g94g6/wish/2645838438 Streptobacillus moniliformis under a light microscope.]]> 2023-07-16 19:40:04 UTC https://padlet.com/knottsjohnson02/wwoegl9xf39g94g6/wish/2645838438 knottsjohnson02 https://padlet.com/knottsjohnson02/wwoegl9xf39g94g6/wish/2645838834 Scanning electron micrograph of Streptobacillus moniliformis]]> 2023-07-16 19:41:56 UTC https://padlet.com/knottsjohnson02/wwoegl9xf39g94g6/wish/2645838834 knottsjohnson02 https://padlet.com/knottsjohnson02/wwoegl9xf39g94g6/wish/2645842428 Streptobacillus moniliformis causes Rat Bite Fever. It's also sometimes referred to as Streptobacilliosis, Streptobacillary fever, Haverhill fever, and epidemic arthritic erythema. ]]> 2023-07-16 20:03:58 UTC https://padlet.com/knottsjohnson02/wwoegl9xf39g94g6/wish/2645842428 knottsjohnson02 https://padlet.com/knottsjohnson02/wwoegl9xf39g94g6/wish/2645844900 Symptoms include fever, chills, vomiting, headaches, and muscle pain. ]]> 2023-07-16 20:19:56 UTC https://padlet.com/knottsjohnson02/wwoegl9xf39g94g6/wish/2645844900 knottsjohnson02 https://padlet.com/knottsjohnson02/wwoegl9xf39g94g6/wish/2645845223 Joint pain or swelling has also been reported in around 5 in 10 cases and a rash occurs in around 3 out of 4 cases.]]> 2023-07-16 20:22:25 UTC https://padlet.com/knottsjohnson02/wwoegl9xf39g94g6/wish/2645845223 knottsjohnson02 https://padlet.com/knottsjohnson02/wwoegl9xf39g94g6/wish/2645846848 Complications of RBF might include abscesses in the body, hepatitis, nephritis, pneumonia, meningitis, and infections involving the heart. ]]> 2023-07-16 20:33:59 UTC https://padlet.com/knottsjohnson02/wwoegl9xf39g94g6/wish/2645846848 knottsjohnson02 https://padlet.com/knottsjohnson02/wwoegl9xf39g94g6/wish/2645848201 Anybody who works with rats or rodents including people who work at animal research laboratories and pet store workers.]]> 2023-07-16 20:44:16 UTC https://padlet.com/knottsjohnson02/wwoegl9xf39g94g6/wish/2645848201 knottsjohnson02 https://padlet.com/knottsjohnson02/wwoegl9xf39g94g6/wish/2645848306 People with pet rats or other rodents in their home, or who might keep feeder rats for other pets.]]> 2023-07-16 20:45:10 UTC https://padlet.com/knottsjohnson02/wwoegl9xf39g94g6/wish/2645848306 knottsjohnson02 https://padlet.com/knottsjohnson02/wwoegl9xf39g94g6/wish/2645848793 Anybody who has been bitten or scratched by a rat or other rodents.]]> 2023-07-16 20:48:50 UTC https://padlet.com/knottsjohnson02/wwoegl9xf39g94g6/wish/2645848793 knottsjohnson02 https://padlet.com/knottsjohnson02/wwoegl9xf39g94g6/wish/2645849099 Children under five and elderly adults are at a higher risk due to their weaker immune systems. ]]> 2023-07-16 20:50:57 UTC https://padlet.com/knottsjohnson02/wwoegl9xf39g94g6/wish/2645849099 knottsjohnson02 https://padlet.com/knottsjohnson02/wwoegl9xf39g94g6/wish/2645849556 People who live in or visit rat infested areas. ]]> 2023-07-16 20:54:18 UTC https://padlet.com/knottsjohnson02/wwoegl9xf39g94g6/wish/2645849556 knottsjohnson02 https://padlet.com/knottsjohnson02/wwoegl9xf39g94g6/wish/2645850366 The best way to avoid Rat Bite Fever is by avoiding direct contact with rodents, places with rodent infestations, or any areas where rodents might be present.]]> 2023-07-16 20:58:29 UTC https://padlet.com/knottsjohnson02/wwoegl9xf39g94g6/wish/2645850366 knottsjohnson02 https://padlet.com/knottsjohnson02/wwoegl9xf39g94g6/wish/2645851071 If you work in a pet store use gloves when handling rodents or cleaning their cages, avoiding touching your face or mouth after handling, and always wash your hands afterward with soap and warm water.]]> 2023-07-16 21:02:53 UTC https://padlet.com/knottsjohnson02/wwoegl9xf39g94g6/wish/2645851071 knottsjohnson02 https://padlet.com/knottsjohnson02/wwoegl9xf39g94g6/wish/2645854010 Rat Bite Fever is generally susceptible to several antibiotics including penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, aztreonam, clindamycin, erythromycin, nitrofurantoin, bacitracin, doxycycline, tetracycline, teicoplanin, and vancomycin.]]> 2023-07-16 21:22:42 UTC https://padlet.com/knottsjohnson02/wwoegl9xf39g94g6/wish/2645854010 knottsjohnson02 https://padlet.com/knottsjohnson02/wwoegl9xf39g94g6/wish/2645854576 The recommended treatment for RBF is typically 7 days of penicillin G administered intravenously, followed by oral penicillin. ]]> 2023-07-16 21:26:03 UTC https://padlet.com/knottsjohnson02/wwoegl9xf39g94g6/wish/2645854576 knottsjohnson02 https://padlet.com/knottsjohnson02/wwoegl9xf39g94g6/wish/2645855359 If the patient is allergic to penicillin, doxycycline or streptomycin are the primary alternative choices. ]]> 2023-07-16 21:31:03 UTC https://padlet.com/knottsjohnson02/wwoegl9xf39g94g6/wish/2645855359 knottsjohnson02 https://padlet.com/knottsjohnson02/wwoegl9xf39g94g6/wish/2645856374 Streptobacillus moniliformis is a gram-negative bacillus and is one of two bacteria that causes Rat Bite Fever. Aside from Rat Bite Fever, it is also sometimes referred to as Streptobacilliosis, streptobacillary fever, Haverhill fever, and epidemic arthritic erythema. In Japan, it is known as “sodoku”, however, most cases in Asia are caused by the second bacteria, Spirillum minus. In the United States, Rat Bite Fever, commonly abbreviated as RBF, has only been caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis. This bacteria is found in the normal respiratory flora of rodents and is excreted in urine, oral, nasal, or conjunctival secretions. It is spread to humans through bites, scratches, or contact of the previously mentioned secretions with broken skin. It can also be spread by ingesting contaminated food or drink.

The symptoms of RBF typically begin around 3-10 days after contact with the bacteria but might take as long as three weeks and include fever, vomiting, headache, and muscle pain. Joint pain or swelling has also been reported in about 50% of cases and a rash occurs in around 75% of cases which appears on the hands and feet around 2-4 days after the fever begins. Complications of RBF might include abscesses inside the body, hepatitis, nephritis, pneumonia, meningitis, and infections involving the heart such as endocarditis, myocarditis, or pericarditis. Anybody who works with or around rats, has rats in their homes as pets or kept as food for other pets, or lives in a rat-infested area is at risk for RBF. Children under five and elderly adults with weaker immune systems are at an even higher risk for infection.

The best way to avoid Rat Bite Fever is by avoiding direct contact with rodents, places with rodent infestations, or any areas where rodents might be present. If you have regular contact with rodents then you should wear gloves when handling them or cleaning their cages, avoid touching your face or mouth after handling, and making sure to always wash your hands afterward with soap and warm water for at least 20 seconds.

While Rat Bite Fever is generally susceptible to several antibiotics, treatment typically includes 7 days of penicillin G administered intravenously followed by oral penicillin. If the patient is allergic to penicillin then doxycycline or streptomycin are the primary alternative choices. With early treatment, symptoms should begin improving rather quickly, however, without treatment, Rat Bite Fever has been known to cause death in around 10% of known cases.]]> 2023-07-16 21:38:52 UTC https://padlet.com/knottsjohnson02/wwoegl9xf39g94g6/wish/2645856374