Theoretical framework introduces and describes the theories supporting the statement. A conceptual framework plays a role in explaining the key concepts or variables and the relationships between them in a research paper.

Both frameworks are important, because they have their specific function in a dissertation. With a theoretical framework we can design our dissertation, while conceptual framework there support we go further our study.

As the definition above, I think I haven’t used this method to facilitate my dissertation yet. However, according to what the article introduces, it is obviously a quite significant method to help improve our language teaching research for by this way we are able to know more about the specific knowledge and status of certain area we are working on. Besides, many other information can be derived from the results achieved from Bibliometric analysis, such as information about authors, situations in other countries and related areas.

Take reading class as an example, according to the following steps of TBLT: 1. Prediction：before reading 2. First reading: get familiar with the text 3. Second reading: understand the main idea 4. Third reading: pay equal attention to the awareness of discourse structure and reading fluency. 5. After reading: expand the reading on the same topic

To cultivate students' English reading literacy, it is necessary to have the strong support of reading teaching design and activities driven by theory, and the rational use of the teaching theory of Science - Research Conceptions can enhance the scientificity and standardization of reading teaching design.

Because when I implement the communicative approach to teaching, I will first understand the theory of CLT and the theoretical support that makes it effective.

Then I implement communicative classroom activities such as role play and group activities in the classroom. I look for confirmation of the theory in classroom tests. Whether students' performance can be improved

As a teacher, I also learned to study independently. When I was unable to go out due to the epidemic, I often watched some videos about my own discipline teaching on various websites to help improve my professional knowledge.

I’ve learned a lot from students’ feedback, self-exploration with help of abundant net sources and by watching the real anchors’ videos.

In my opinion, teachers should be the pioneers of new learning modules. If we are not in favor of learning new things, how can we foster students to adapt and fulfill what’s happening currently.

In the context of online courses, teachers must learn to improve their teaching methods, be good at discovering problems in class, and how to better enable students to learn useful knowledge and learn self-learning in the form of online courses.

For me, I manage the disruptive social interaction with students with  discussion and interaction by giving students instructions and suggestions to guide students make useful interaction online. For example, I will first give students a question. And then I will invite students to discuss with other students in groups.

 

I will use some advanced technologies like Ding Ding (an app can be used for teaching online). Also, in order to manage the disruptive social interaction with students, I will in advance give students some teaching materials or notes with pdf or ppt form to be prepared for the social interaction with your students. Also, I will use technologies to divide students in groups and join in them suitably to listen their opinions.

For question 2, I matter this problem mainly by satisfying students’ needs. What I take in consideration is not how much I’m going to teach and how what I teach can make them achieve more scores but how much they already know, what they would like to know and what they need for the future life and work. More interactions and involvement are generated then.

 my pedagogy approach

Just some sharing...have a nice day...

Technology barriers and accessibility is a kind of challenge mentioned in the article do you relate the most in your teaching and learning during the pandemic. Because sometimes when internet is unavailable, students can join in online class. Also, students’ engagements  can  be  distracted  by  other  online  content, especially in Class time, thus  causing  the lesson  to  become  less  meaningful.

Compared with face-to-face meeting in the classroom, students can’t feel true communication and praise from other learners and teacher. Thus, they aren’t motivated in learning process and feel boring. Also, they may be distracted by other interesting online content, especially in Class time. Thus, to make the virtual class more comfortable and interesting, teachers can add presentation content related to class teaching content to make students be motivated in this kind of task-based teaching method with great sharing expectation.

 

Because teachers tend to spend more time in professional skills like professional English knowledge and skills. Thus, they tend to ignore cultivation technological experience and competence. Thus, if I were the teacher mentioned in the above statement, I would learn some technological experience and competence online, like YouTube platform, because here there are many vivid and professional videos made by makers having advantages in terms of technology, from which I can learn and benefit a lot. 

Another problem is that students' self-learning ability and self-management are difficult to adapt to the needs of online teaching at home. Due to the long-term experience of traditional face-to-face teaching mode, some students lack good self-discipline, and they often have problems such as inadequate preview, lack of concentration in online learning and low quality of after-class tasks in online teaching.

Online and offline face-to-face teaching is different, the teacher can't detect each student's mood changes. In view of online teaching, students lack confidence in speaking in class will make students more uncomfortable than offline teaching. As a teacher, we should communicate with students more after class to find out problems they have in class. Guidance and encouragement are very important in improving students' confidence. In class, teachers can start with simple questions and let students who lack confidence answer them, so as to encourage them.

1. Use extracurricular time to study the teaching Apps, which functions can be used in class and which functions can be used after class 

2. Equipment and network must be checked before class, and certain emergency measures must be taken

3. The cultivation of technical ability is a continuous and gradual process, so it is necessary to keep learning and making progress, summarize and reflect on the course experience for teachers.

2-   Many students were very shy to participate during online classes, therefore that affect the level of interaction and participation in the classes so the classes were not effective and boring. Students’ interaction raises their understanding of the class and motivate the others to get engaged in the interaction process. One of the solutions of such a problem is that the teacher should motivate the students to run discussions during the class by providing questions and put the students in groups to interact with each other. Moreover, the teacher can raise the students’ speaking abilities by providing a comfortable interactive environment where students can participate without afraid to be judged negatively or getting bad feedbacks.  

3-   Many teachers were not able to use technology for teaching purposes. Many educational institutions do not provide the teachers with the needed training programs and courses that enable teachers to use technology for teaching. I was one of the teachers that I did not experience the online teaching before the pandemic. Therefore, I had to ask other specialists about the online teaching apps and how they can be used and for what. In addition, I suffered to master the use of such apps, therefore, I had to use You Tube many times to learn how to use the teaching online apps. I had to learn about these apps in order to overcome the difficulties that I faced at the beginning of my online teaching experience. 

One of the steps taken to rectify this problem is that I would do a lot of small talks in the beginning of the lesson where I would ask my students question which did not have any correct answer. By this way, any answers given is considered as an achievement to lure them to talk. I also allow them to have a lot of breakout sessions. Back then when had to use plugins for breakout session. The plugin even allowed the teacher to speak to everyone across the rooms and I could also allow everyone to hear what’s happening in everyone’s room. It was funny but I felt like a real classroom. 

Stuff like this sounds childish but students love to the noise of their friends talking. It felt normal. It made them feel like they were in the class and it gave them confidence to speak. 

2.Lack of confidence in speaking during the virtual class will affect the teaching and learning caused by that peer interaction during speaking class rarely happened making which resulted in making students feel shy to practise compared to the traditional classroom. I think to solve this problem, we can organize some group work for students to practice speaking together and give them some rewards to encourage them.

3. Teachers, especially senior teachers, who were lacking e-learning skills found it challenging to implement e-learning, and it determined whether the lesson can be delivered successfully or not. Moreover, it’s not convenient for teachers to conduct e-learning for teachers were less competent with technology. 

Firstly, the solution to solve this problem is that teachers are recommended to attend regular professional development workshops to utilise e-learning and high access to the curriculum resources.

Secondly, for technological barriers in term of accessibility to internet and devices like mobile phones and laptops, teachers could put learning materials to online platform.

If I were the teacher, I think it would take to opportunity to try and become a digital native even though many of us at my age is a digital immigrant. It is not only for students; it is actually for us – for our own professional development and self-worth. An effective teacher will not see this as a problem but rather, a challenge. I don’t know how a teacher could do this to themselves (not wanting to learn) because if teaching defines us, we should be the best version of teacher we could be, be it a struggling digital immigrant, a digital native or even, a digital Queen. Well, I choose to be a Queen hehe. 

During class, some students with poor self-control may surf the website or play games. When they are asked Qs, there is no response or what they answer is irrelevant. After class, some students with less self-discipline may copy homework and cheat in exams. As a result, the learning efficiency is really low.

 

A2: The phenomenon in visual class truly affects the learning process more, especially for the students who speak for he cannot feel what the teacher and classmates’ response across the screen, leading to magnify the embarrassment and feeling of shame.

Here are two solutions. Firstly, teachers are supposed to create an easy and open environment in class, that means a place welcoming various kinds of opinions, so that students can answer positively and boldly. Besides, the teacher’ motivational language is completely important. No matter the answer is right or wrong, the teacher should affirm what students say and pay attention to students’ mood after class by even saying one positive word to him personally.

 

A3: With a great readiness of technological competence, the online class would be more smooth and efficient, regarding no waste of time and more interesting and useful net resources. If I were the teacher mentioned in the above statement, I would learn from the other teachers who are good at technology by empathic learning, professional learning community and demo class as well. What’s more, there are also many resources on internet to teach how to implement efficient online classroom. As long as we have the belief of self-improvement, we are able to find plenty of ways.