https://padlet.com/hclifford_staff/13C 13C en-us 2017-03-09 15:30:57 UTC 2025-11-02 03:30:08 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/icons/Rocket.png https://padlet.com/hclifford_staff/13C/wish/159594671

Learning by association,  when two stimuli are repeatedly paired together. pavlov completed experiments on dogs whereby he taught them to associate the sound of a bell with food, thereby stimulating salivation.

• Strength: Watson and Raynar: Little Albert study. they used a loud noise and animals such as fluffy white rats as stimuli in order to cause the child to associate the animals with the loud noise, creating a phobia, showing that it is possible to condition behaviours and associations in people. this is strength as it suggets

]]> 2017-03-13 08:55:42 UTC https://padlet.com/hclifford_staff/13C/wish/159594671 https://padlet.com/hclifford_staff/13C/wish/159594717 This is learning by consequences. Key concepts are positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment and negative punishment. The Skinner Box 1953 : A hungry rat was placed in a cage. Every time he activated the lever a food pellet fell in the food dispenser (positive reinforcement). The rats quickly learnt to go straight to the lever after a few times being in the box. This suggests that positive reinforcement increases the likelyhood of the behaviour being repeated. 
Punishment refers to the circumstances whereby a behaviour is followed by a concequence that is undesirable or unpleasant. Reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behaviour happening again, wheras punishment decreases it. Punishment can also be positive .]]> 2017-03-13 08:56:00 UTC https://padlet.com/hclifford_staff/13C/wish/159594717 https://padlet.com/hclifford_staff/13C/wish/159594893 classical conditioning 
- different species face different challenges to survive, so have different capabilities to learn through the process of CC. So relationships between the conditioned & unconditioned stimulus tend to be more difficult to establish than others. Animals are prepared to learn associations that are significant in terms of their survival (eg. a dog will quickly learn to associate the smell f meat with the presence of food) yet unprepared to learn associations that are not significant in this respect.

see comments ]]> 2017-03-13 08:57:17 UTC https://padlet.com/hclifford_staff/13C/wish/159594893 https://padlet.com/hclifford_staff/13C/wish/159594949 1) A strength of classical conditioning is it  can explain the acquisition of some aspects of behaviour. An example of this is the Little Albert study wherein the child showed no initial fear of small animals but once they were twinned with a loud, scary noise he was conditioned to be afraid of small animals.  
2) Another strength of Classical conditioning is that it can be applied in the real world. The principles of classical conditioning are used successfully in behavioural therapy such as aversion therapy. 
3) Operant conditioning uses the experimental method which uses controlled conditions in an attempt to discover possible causal relationship between two or more variables. Skinner's reliance on the skinner box is an example of this. By manipulatng the consequences of behaviour he was able to accurately measure te effects on the rats behaviour. This allowed him to establish a cause and effect behaviour and the future frequency of its occurance.

]]> 2017-03-13 08:57:37 UTC https://padlet.com/hclifford_staff/13C/wish/159594949