https://padlet.com/trisramone/wry8c2mqs8ylrneh Critical Points 1880 - Present en-us 2022-09-11 19:20:51 UTC 2025-12-07 12:44:26 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f5d3.png trisramone https://padlet.com/trisramone/wry8c2mqs8ylrneh/wish/2291376008 In "Remembering the Past, Shaping the Future," Norman Gysber explains how in 1881 Lysander Richards was one of the first people to address the counseling profession. Richards identified one of the early duties of a counselor, originally called vocopher, was to help people find a vocation. The address came via his book "Vocophy: The New Profession." Gysbers, N. (2010). This is significant because career preparation became a piece of the counseling program model we have today.]]> 2022-09-11 19:47:15 UTC https://padlet.com/trisramone/wry8c2mqs8ylrneh/wish/2291376008 trisramone https://padlet.com/trisramone/wry8c2mqs8ylrneh/wish/2291387111 Early 1900’s Many new industries required new skills. The development of the counseling field was influenced by the changes happening via the industrial revolution. Early leaders in the counseling field wanted to identify new focuses for the counseling field. Of these concerns were: 1.  Economic concerns. More specifically, better prepared workers for the workplace. 2. Educational concerns. More specifically, helping students understand purpose for their education and employment. And 3. Social concerns. More specifically, methods of schooling changed and there was a desire to focus more on child labor conditions (the first social justice issue for the counseling profession). Gysbers, N. "The Evolution of School Counseling: From Position to Program" Webinar.]]> 2022-09-11 20:08:42 UTC https://padlet.com/trisramone/wry8c2mqs8ylrneh/wish/2291387111 trisramone https://padlet.com/trisramone/wry8c2mqs8ylrneh/wish/2291387597 1920’s Vocational Guidance was occurring however counseling terminology began to change during this time as well. For example the phrase mental hygiene was replaced by the phrase mental health. Mental health issues also became a focus of the counseling industry because of a book written by Clifford Beers. The book addressed Beers’ trip through depression. Also noteworthy, psychologists coming out of World War One developed many kinds of tests that would be the foundation for after this 1920’s time period. Gysbers, N. "The Evolution of School Counseling: From Position to Program" Webinar.]]> 2022-09-11 20:09:40 UTC https://padlet.com/trisramone/wry8c2mqs8ylrneh/wish/2291387597 trisramone https://padlet.com/trisramone/wry8c2mqs8ylrneh/wish/2291389091 1930’s There were struggles to figure out who counselors were and what they should do. Myers created a list of counselor duties in 1931. There were 37 duties total on his list. Gysbers, N. "The Evolution of School Counseling: From Position to Program" Webinar. This is significant because Myers' list of duties was one of the earliest known blueprints for the counseling field that we still reference today. ]]> 2022-09-11 20:12:50 UTC https://padlet.com/trisramone/wry8c2mqs8ylrneh/wish/2291389091 trisramone https://padlet.com/trisramone/wry8c2mqs8ylrneh/wish/2291389178 The first time money became available for guidance within schools. The George-Barton Act (1946). Gysbers, N. "The Evolution of School Counseling: From Position to Program" Webinar. Funding for specific counseling positions was significant because these actions aided in slowly creating an identity for counselors and separating counselors from administrators or teachers.]]> 2022-09-11 20:13:02 UTC https://padlet.com/trisramone/wry8c2mqs8ylrneh/wish/2291389178 trisramone https://padlet.com/trisramone/wry8c2mqs8ylrneh/wish/2291389273 The National Defense Education Act was passed. This was significant because congress was responding to a national emergency and "deemed it necessary to expand testing programs in schools and increase the number of guidance programs and school counselors so students could be advised about course selection and encouraged to be ready for college and enroll in college." Gysber, N. (2010). The country essentially needed more individuals who were ready and willing to take on government level positions. ]]> 2022-09-11 20:13:13 UTC https://padlet.com/trisramone/wry8c2mqs8ylrneh/wish/2291389273 trisramone https://padlet.com/trisramone/wry8c2mqs8ylrneh/wish/2291389354 Articles of the roles and functions of school counselors get published at high rates and challenge each others perspectives. This is significant because the counseling profession needed to narrow down/ become more unified in it's duties and terminology. Scholars challenging each other for the benefit of the counseling industry as a whole, lead to programming that is more easily understood today. ]]> 2022-09-11 20:13:24 UTC https://padlet.com/trisramone/wry8c2mqs8ylrneh/wish/2291389354 trisramone https://padlet.com/trisramone/wry8c2mqs8ylrneh/wish/2291389412 In this decade we begin to see more unification of language and structure for school counselors. This is significant for the same reason expressed referring to the 1960s decade. Counselors needed common language for themselves within industry and needed folks outside the industry to be able to easily understand roles and functions as well. Gysbers, N. "The Evolution of School Counseling: From Position to Program" Webinar.]]> 2022-09-11 20:13:32 UTC https://padlet.com/trisramone/wry8c2mqs8ylrneh/wish/2291389412 trisramone https://padlet.com/trisramone/wry8c2mqs8ylrneh/wish/2291389480 The work of putting comprehensive guidance and counseling programs into place in the schools continued throughout the 1980s. Gysber, N. (2010). This is significant because the economy was also suffering so schools were looking for any reason to cut back on their budget. ]]> 2022-09-11 20:13:41 UTC https://padlet.com/trisramone/wry8c2mqs8ylrneh/wish/2291389480 trisramone https://padlet.com/trisramone/wry8c2mqs8ylrneh/wish/2291389602 In 1993, Newbrug, Barr, Hoffman and Kaplan (1993) "described the development of a developmental school counseling and guidance model local school districts could use." Gysber, N. (2010) This was significant because Newbrug, Barr, Hoffman and Kaplan featured a "conceptual model and the steps to develop and implement it. Evaluation of the program was noted as a key part of the process." Gysber, N. (2010). ]]> 2022-09-11 20:13:48 UTC https://padlet.com/trisramone/wry8c2mqs8ylrneh/wish/2291389602 trisramone https://padlet.com/trisramone/wry8c2mqs8ylrneh/wish/2291390035 In 2003 ASCA published a national model for what a counseling program encompasses. This was instrumental for a counseling industry that saw a growing need for qualified individuals who could all remain aligned with both past counselors but future counselors as well. Gysbers, N. "The Evolution of School Counseling: From Position to Program" Webinar.]]> 2022-09-11 20:14:42 UTC https://padlet.com/trisramone/wry8c2mqs8ylrneh/wish/2291390035 trisramone https://padlet.com/trisramone/wry8c2mqs8ylrneh/wish/2291390127 In 2013 the ASCA National Model, third edition, is the first major revision to the ASCA National Model (Blevins, J.). In 2019, ASCA National Model, fourth edition, streamlines and clarifies language to reflect the current state of education. (Blevins, J.). These were significant moments in counseling history because there were new ideas from the 21 century that needed to be addressed within counseling programming. To efficiently run a counseling program in our schools there needed to be clear and relevant terminology that could be implemented. ]]> 2022-09-11 20:14:49 UTC https://padlet.com/trisramone/wry8c2mqs8ylrneh/wish/2291390127 trisramone https://padlet.com/trisramone/wry8c2mqs8ylrneh/wish/2291390191 Today, there is a necessary sense of urgency regarding accountability. Gysber, N. (2010) Also, technology has become advanced which "[places] tools in the hands of school counselors to conduct evaluation studies of their work that early leaders probably could not have imagined." Gysber, N. (2010). This is significant because technology can lead to counseling evaluations being more accurate without sacrificing efficiency. This ultimately means being able to reach more students at a time. We want to keep student to counselor ratios to 250-1 or better; however, being able to identify all students who need a specific service is always the goal. ]]> 2022-09-11 20:15:00 UTC https://padlet.com/trisramone/wry8c2mqs8ylrneh/wish/2291390191