4.2 Chau Giang
Charles Jame  II ascended the English throne in 1685 on the death of his brother, then he practiced a strict and intolerant form of Roman Catholicism in the late 1660s. There is a threat that the king Charles James II would turn England into a Catholic monarchy with the people.
The Dominion of New England is an enormous colony created by James II and this colony in charge of Sir Enmund Andros who caused great uneasiness among New England Puritans.
In 1688, there was a centralized Catholic state were known as Whigs deposed James II  and named that event as Glorious Revolution. In 1689, William III and his wife ascended the throne.
The Glorious Revolution had a strong influence and spilled over into the colonies.
In the same year that William and his wife took the throne, Bill of Rights established a constitutional monarchy bringing some benefits to the people. John Locke's political philosophy had an enormous impact on future generations of colonist and established the paramount of represention in government.
The Glorious Revolution also led to the English Toleration Act of 1689 extending to the British colonies, a major step toward greater religious diversity. 

4.3 Dlinh
The Royal African Company, which set basis for transporting slaves after its ending due to the Glorious Revolution, was created and developed by both kings in 1660.

 African would be moved from Barbados to mainland. Most the communities that they created to adapt their lives lived in Jamaica. Rebellions occurred frequently (noticeable was the one in 1739 but it failed)

 Conflicts between ethnic groups in NYC created many rebellion (Stono Rebellion, fires…). Slaves were thought to be the main reason, so a lot of them were killed, accused, or sold. 

The British American tried to be genteel by model themselves on the English aristocracy (noticeable was William Byrd II of Westover, Virginia). The differences between gentry and others were purchase, consumption, and good exhibition- all of which led to the consumer revolution, when consumer goods available increasing. 

 Print material became more popular throughout this revolution. After that, many new genres of printed books such as Cato’s Letters, Mr. Spectator, and novels were published and became famous.
4.4 Mai Mạnh Hưng
By the eighteenth century, The British Atlantic experienced an outburst of Protestant revivalism known as the First Great Awaken. A new empires was established. A lot of changing in social, religious, and intellectual changes. At the time, The Great Awakenung caused a split between the "New light" and "Old light". Benjamin Franklin, stands as the embodiment of the Enlightenment in British America. Born in Boston in 1706 to a large Puritan family, Franklin loved to read, although he found little beyond religious publications in his father’s house. He began publishing the Pennsylvania Gazette in the late 1720s, and in 1732 he started his annual publication Poor Richard: An Almanack, in which he gave readers much practical advice, such as “Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy,... Oglethorpe was a leader in the reform of the colonial settlement known as Georgia Georgia in honor of the king. His vision followed the ideals of the Age of Reason, seeing it as a place for "Poor" England to start over. Oglethorpe's vision called for a ban on alcohol and slavery. This reform was very successful, but it wasn't long before slavery was back in action
4.5
From 1688 to 1763, Great Britain was involved in power struggles with France and Spain and also in other wars in Europe. For nearly 80 years, the Great britain and France fought for control in eastern North America. During that time, neither side achieved a decisive victory, although each side did have some small victories with the help of the natives. By 1754-1763, when Great Britain strengthened its army, the British army was much stronger at this time. The Treaty of Paris 1763, the new France was eliminated, all the land on the fire side of Florida and east of Mississippi was controlled by the British. 

*As slaves everywhere resisted their exploitation, the Stono rebellion was one of the many rebellions that occurred in the time. It was led by a literate slave named Jemmy who was believed to have been taken from the kingdom of Kongo and believed to have a similar background with South Carolinian slaves. Thus, Jemmy had little difficulty in communicating and rallying the slaves to resist their enslavement. Although the attempt was stopped, it, combined with many others, instilled fear in the white colonists. As a result, the Negro Act of 1740 was brought forward which prohibited slaves from learning to write, creating communities, having the freedom to grow their own food, and travelling. Tensions ran high between the slaves and free population in New York especially after the Stono Rebellion. The tension burst forth when fires broke out in New York city, combined with the already fearful White population, rumors were spread that the fires were conspiracies made by the slaves. 200 people, including many slaves were arrested and soon, 13 were executed the New York Conspiracy trial. The trial was the result of fear and panic in the white population caused by the rebellions in 1740 which furthered the dominance and power of white people over the slaves.

*As gentries used their purchase and display of goods to set themselves apart from others, the consumer revolution made also the ordinary settlers purchase the goods from Great Britain. It also made printed materials more widely available.

 

4.4
 hùng
In the 18th century the English Atlantic Ocean took place a different boom known as the first awakening and the second awakening took place in the 1800s, the tribes of this place have denied worship and instead embraced a powerful religion, but Martin Luther and John Calvin taught and recounted their knowledge. In British America, Franklin is regarded as the personification of the Enlightenment. Franklin, who was born in Boston in 1706 to a big Puritan family, loved to read, though he didn't find much other than religious literature in his father's house. In the late 1720s, he started publishing the Pennsylvania Gazette, and in 1732, he began producing Poor Richard: An Almanack, in which he provided readers practical advice such "Early to bed, early to wake, makes a man healthy, prosperous,..." Oglethorpe was a key figure in the reorganization of the colonial colony of Georgia, which was named after the monarch. His concept was based on the principles of the Age of Reason, and he saw it as a location where "poor" England might begin again.Alcohol and slavery were also prohibited in Oglethorpe's vision. This reform was a huge accomplishment, but it didn't take long for slavery to return.

4.5 Minh Anh
From the late 1600s to the mid 1700s, the British Empire involved in conflicts with France and Spain. In nearly 80-year fighting for control of North America, the war resulted in an incompletely victory for both Britain and France. However, in the French and Indian War (1754-1763), the war began to turn in favor of the British with recruitment of new young colonies. In 1963, the French signed the Treaty of Paris, New France ceased to exist. The British Empire has gained mastery over North America, became a truly global empire and British colonists celebrated their identity as British subjects

Oglethorpe’s vision for Georgia followed the ideals of the Age of Reason, seeing it as a place for England’s“worthy poor” to start anew. To encourage industry, he gave each male immigrant fifty acres of land,tools, and a year’s worth of supplies.

4.5 Trang Linh
Britain, France, and Spain fight for the colony of North America. Most of these conflicts originated in Europe, but their engagements spilled over into the colonies. Almost 80 years, the war have no victors. 

1754-1763, French and Indian war is a conflict between England and France. Britain forced India to join the war, so Britain defeated France. With the Treaty of Paris, New France was eliminated, and Britain gained control of North America.
4.2 Việt Bách
King James II, second son of Charles I, ascended to the English throne in 1685 upon the death of his brother (Charle II).  He modeled an absolute monarchy like his cousin Louis XIV.  He has a Catholic wife and a son, which leads to threats to Protestants.  The king always maintained a standing army in peacetime making the people feel free, and worried that the king would turn England into a Catholic monarchy.  In 1686, James II created the huge colony known as the Dominion of New England which included (Massachusetts, Newhampshire, Plymouth, Connecticut, New Haven, Rhode Island, and the addition of New York and New Jersey in 1688).  In late 1688, The Whigs (the organization of James II opponents) overthrew James and he had to flee to the court of Louis XIV in France.  They call this the Glorious Revolution.  In 1689, the Glorious Revolution spread, causing the Bostonians to overthrow the Dominion government of New England (Sir Andros, ..) That same year, Jacob Leisler led a group of Protestant New Yorkers against the government.  That left the government affected, then tried for treason and executed.  In 1691, England restored control over New York.

 

After years of fighting, the Parliamentary forces gained the upper hand, and in 1649, they charged Charles I with treason and beheaded him. They had had enough and asked Charles II to be king. The return of Charles II is known as the Restoration. Charles II was committed to expanding England’s overseas possessions.PENNSYLVANIA-English crown by helping take Jamaica from the Spanish in 1655. Figure 4.6 Charles II granted William Penn the land that eventually became the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in order to settle a debt the English crown owed to Penn’s father. Indeed, the colony allowed a degree of religious tolerance found nowhere else in English America.