This review was undertaken to integrate findings of studies that sought to determine whether such instruction contributed to improvement in literacy. The results indicate that morphological awareness has the potential to contribute to students’ literacy development in all three areas—most notably when it deepens students’ understanding of the morphemic structure, spelling, and meaning of written words. However, examination of the design and quality of the studies of instruction in morphological awareness suggests that this is an emerging area of research. Much needs to be done to provide a clearer understanding of how, when, and why morphological awareness instruction contributes to students’ literacy development. Click here to read the article.

Think about the following questions as you study these two documents:

If you prefer, revisit the exercises you did at the end of Part 1: Consonant Phoneme Practice and Vowel Phoneme Practice. It is a fun way to practice the phonemes and then get immediate feedback as to whether you pronounced them right.

phoneme inventories 

This document provides access to a helpful rubric and framework that describes the conversation behaviors we want to help our students cultivate. Click here to learn all about them.