In order to carry out a life cycle analysis -ACV- one must first deal with the potential environmental aspects and impacts throughout the life cycle of a product from the raw material to its final disposal, and for this the LCA will be It divides into four phases of study:

 ·  The definition phase of the objective and the scope.

· The inventory analysis phase.

· The phase of evaluation of environmental impact.

· The interpretation phase.

Ø  Life cycle analysis (LCA): collection and evaluation of inputs, outputs and potential environmental impacts of a product system through its life cycle.

Ø  Life Cycle Inventory Analysis (LCI): Phase of the life cycle analysis that involves the collection and quantification of inputs and outputs for a product system through its life cycle.

Ø  Life Cycle Impact Assessment (EICV): Phase of the life cycle analysis aimed at knowing and evaluating the magnitude and how significant are the potential environmental impacts of a product system throughout the life cycle of the product.

Ø  Interpretation of the life cycle: phase of life cycle analysis in which the findings of the inception analysis or the impact evaluation are evaluated in relation to the objective and scope defined to reach conclusions and recommendations.

Ø  Product: any good or service.

Ø  Raw material: raw or secondary material that is used to make a product.

Ø  Input: flow of product, matter or energy that enters a unitary process.

Ø  Output: flow of product, matter or energy that comes out of a unitary process

-          General appreciation of the life cycle: it is the appreciation of the entire path a product has from its extraction and adqusision, process that has and final disposal, to identify any type of environmental burden between each of the stages or processes of the life cycle .

-          Environmental focus: it involves the environmental aspects and impacts also associated with the economic and social impacts with the LCA.

-          relative focus or functional unit: it is the relative and functional approach that the entrances and exits have in front of the ICV and the EICV in relation to the functional unit.

 

o    Essential characteristics of the LCA:

 

o    General concepts of the product system:

 

o    Methodological reference framework.

 

o    Analysis of the life cycle inventory.

 

o    assessment of the impact of the life cycle

 

o    reports

 

o    critical review.

 

-          and an annex that is the application of the life cycle.

Life cycle analysis (ACV): a life cycle is the stage of a product from the moment of acquiring the raw material to its final disposal and its analysis is based on inputs, outputs and impacts generated by a product during its life cycle

In this analysis of the LCA life cycle, the environmental aspects of a product or service are analyzed and quantified, including all the stages from its extraction, processing of raw materials, manufacturing, transportation, distribution, use and reuse and final disposal of waste generated in the development of the activity of the product or service

The main objective of an analysis of the LCA life cycle is to provide all the necessary information to identify opportunities for improvement, in order to make decisions to confront the associated risks and improve environmental performance. Allowing also to compare between several processes and products in search of continuous improvement.

Being a very good environmental tool to evaluate the products, materials, supplies and processes in order to identify the environmental impacts that may occur and make comparisons with other alternatives.

Through this evaluation, they are able to determine the total pollutants and their impact on the environment, as well as the socio-economic impact