The main difference between metaphor and metonymy is that metaphor compares two things whereas metonymy replaces one thing for another.

to grant our prayer” (223).

Hyperbole: the text says: “Gerenian Nestor, horse-lord, answered him, Dear boy, you call to mind how much we suffered, with strong, unyielding hearts, in distant lands when we were sailing over misty seas, led by Achilles on a hunt for spoils, and when we fought around the mighty city of Priam. Our best warriors were killed” (224).

Allegory: the text says: “Gray-eyed Athena, daughter of the Thunder, became enraged and brought about disaster” (225).

Metonymy: the text says: “He did not know she would not yield. The minds of the immortals rarely change” (226).

Synecdoche: the text says: “while half the army still remained there, stationed with Agamemnon, shepherd of the people” (226).

Irony: the text says: “To Poseidon 
we offered many bulls, since we had crossed
safely across wide waters”(226).

“I am very nervous about the rowdy suitors. Their aggression touches the iron sky” (Emily Wilson, 473) (Book 17). 

 

“A man who eats my bread must work for me, even if he has come from far away.” (Emily Wilson, 491) (Book 19). 

“[I]f he reaches the palace of Odysseus, a mass of hands will hurl stools at his head” (Emily Wilson, 462) (Book 17). 

 

“Her face was melting, like the snow that Zephyr scatters across the mountain peaks; then Eurus thaws it, and as it melts, the rivers swell and flow again. (Emily Wilson, 496-497) (Book 19).

“He went there with his maternal cousins and grandfather, noble Autolycus, who was the best of all mankind at telling lies and stealing.” (Emily Wilson, 502) (Book 19). 

“This means the end of Irus—brought upon himself!” (Emily Wilson, 478) (Book 18).

Metonymy. 

“This greedy pig yaks on like some old woman

scrubbing an oven!" (456)

Synecdoche

a bed of mourning, always stained with" tears (459)

Allegory 

Helen for whose sake, by the will of gods, 

the Greeks and Trojans suffered through the war.

When Menelaus asked why I had come

to someone truly resolute. As when

a deer lays down her newborn suckling fawns (459)

 

Hyperlobe

It is insistent, and the curse of hunger (464)

Irony

 When Amphinomos tells the others to do so, he insists that Telemachus take care of the beggar, since Odysseus came "to Telemachus' door, not ours

-  “But the goddess Athena met his gaze and said, “Do not hold me back now.” (314 -316)

-   “and wept there for her dear Odysseus, until Athena gave her eyes sweet sleep. (363 -364)

Synecdoche: "And we came to the land of Cyclopes, a fierce, uncivilized people, who never lift a hang to plant or plough but put their trust in Providence” (142).

“Then Zeus, whose voice resounds around the world, sent down two eagles from the mountain peak. At first they hovered on the breath of wind, close by each other, balanced on their wings. 150 Reaching the noisy middle of the crowd, they wheeled and whirred and flapped their mighty wings, swooping at each man’s head with eyes like death, and with their talons ripped each face and neck. Then to the right they flew, across the town. Everyone was astonished at the sight; they wondered in their hearts what this could mean. Old Halitherses, son of Mastor, spoke. More than the other elders, this old leader excelled at prophecy and knew the birds. 160 He gave them good advice.” (147 -161).

Hyperbole:  "How I wish chaste Artemis would give me a death so soft, and now, so I would not go on in my heart grieving all my life, and longing for love of a husband excellent in every virtue" (18.202-204).

Irony : “Nohbdy’s my meat, then, after I eat his friends. Others come first. There’s a noble gift, now.” (276-277)                                                                

 

 

Irony - At that Antinous wheeled on Eumaeus, lashing out at him:

'Your highness, swineherd-why drag this to town?

Haven't we got our share of vagabonds to deal with,

disgusting beggars who lick the feasters' plates?

Isn't it quite enough, these swarming crowds

consuming your master's bounty-

must you invite this rascal in the bargain?'"

(Book XVII, lines 410-417)

 

Hyperbole- "And the suitors mad with fear at her great sign stampeded like stung cattle by a river when the dread shimmering gadfly strikes in summer, in the flowering season, in the long-drawn days. After them the attackers wheeled, as terrible as falcons from eyries in the mountains veering over and diving down with talons wide unsheathed on flights of birds, who cower down the sky in chutes and bursts along the valley - but the pouncing falcons grip their prey, no frantic wing avails, and farmers love to watch those beaked hunters. So these now fell upon the suitors in that hall, while torn men moaned at death, and blood ran smoking over the whole floor." (XXII, 333)

 

 

Allegory- " Athena looked at him with sparkling eyes" (200)