https://padlet.com/mgoldenberg4/wpsolepdiysje71v 2.2.5 PLTW PBS en-us 2022-05-17 13:21:14 UTC 2022-05-17 14:11:51 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f9ec.png mgoldenberg4 https://padlet.com/mgoldenberg4/wpsolepdiysje71v/wish/2187605214 Errors in the process of meiosis can cause damage to chromosomes or alter their overall number in the cell. Ideally, the process of meiosis distributes chromosomes evenly to daughter cells. However, it is possible for nondisjunction to occur, meaning members of a pair of chromosomes fail to separate. Chromosomes may not move apart properly during meiosis I, or the sister chromatids may not separate during meiosis II. Either of these conditions can result in a cell with two of the same type of chromosome and another cell with no copy at all (Figure 1).]]> 2022-05-17 13:23:43 UTC https://padlet.com/mgoldenberg4/wpsolepdiysje71v/wish/2187605214 mgoldenberg4 https://padlet.com/mgoldenberg4/wpsolepdiysje71v/wish/2187606630 An accident during mitosis or meiosis, in which members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to move apart properly.]]> 2022-05-17 13:24:29 UTC https://padlet.com/mgoldenberg4/wpsolepdiysje71v/wish/2187606630 mgoldenberg4 https://padlet.com/mgoldenberg4/wpsolepdiysje71v/wish/2187607955 2022-05-17 13:25:13 UTC https://padlet.com/mgoldenberg4/wpsolepdiysje71v/wish/2187607955 mgoldenberg4 https://padlet.com/mgoldenberg4/wpsolepdiysje71v/wish/2187609592 When sperm and egg meet, the resulting cell should have a complete 46 chromosomes. However, if one of these gametes does contain more or fewer than the typical 23, the overall chromosome number in body cells will be altered.]]> 2022-05-17 13:26:00 UTC https://padlet.com/mgoldenberg4/wpsolepdiysje71v/wish/2187609592 mgoldenberg4 https://padlet.com/mgoldenberg4/wpsolepdiysje71v/wish/2187610240 Numerical changes are perhaps the easiest to spot on a karyotype. Humans typically have 23 pairs of chromosomes. The presence of only one chromosome in the pair is referred to as a monosomy (one missing chromosome). The presence of three of the same chromosome is referred to as a trisomy (one extra chromosome).]]> 2022-05-17 13:26:20 UTC https://padlet.com/mgoldenberg4/wpsolepdiysje71v/wish/2187610240 mgoldenberg4 https://padlet.com/mgoldenberg4/wpsolepdiysje71v/wish/2187611817 Remember that before a cell undergoes mitosis or meiosis, its DNA is replicated. The two copies, called sister chromatids are temporarily held together at a specific location of the chromosome called the centromere. This location divides the chromosome into two regions called arms. (Figure 2). The location of this centromere is a distinguishing feature of each pair of chromosomes.]]> 2022-05-17 13:27:12 UTC https://padlet.com/mgoldenberg4/wpsolepdiysje71v/wish/2187611817 mgoldenberg4 https://padlet.com/mgoldenberg4/wpsolepdiysje71v/wish/2187613483 2022-05-17 13:28:05 UTC https://padlet.com/mgoldenberg4/wpsolepdiysje71v/wish/2187613483 mgoldenberg4 https://padlet.com/mgoldenberg4/wpsolepdiysje71v/wish/2187618801 Breakage of chromosomes can occur. The change may only impact one part of a particular chromosome, or it may even involve swapping of segments between two chromosomes. These structural changes typically relate to segments of the chromosome that are altered, deleted, or added.]]> 2022-05-17 13:30:54 UTC https://padlet.com/mgoldenberg4/wpsolepdiysje71v/wish/2187618801 mgoldenberg4 https://padlet.com/mgoldenberg4/wpsolepdiysje71v/wish/2187622865 2022-05-17 13:33:05 UTC https://padlet.com/mgoldenberg4/wpsolepdiysje71v/wish/2187622865 mgoldenberg4 https://padlet.com/mgoldenberg4/wpsolepdiysje71v/wish/2187624857 2022-05-17 13:34:11 UTC https://padlet.com/mgoldenberg4/wpsolepdiysje71v/wish/2187624857 mgoldenberg4 https://padlet.com/mgoldenberg4/wpsolepdiysje71v/wish/2187625415 2022-05-17 13:34:30 UTC https://padlet.com/mgoldenberg4/wpsolepdiysje71v/wish/2187625415 mgoldenberg4 https://padlet.com/mgoldenberg4/wpsolepdiysje71v/wish/2187625987 2022-05-17 13:34:52 UTC https://padlet.com/mgoldenberg4/wpsolepdiysje71v/wish/2187625987 mgoldenberg4 https://padlet.com/mgoldenberg4/wpsolepdiysje71v/wish/2187626827 2022-05-17 13:35:21 UTC https://padlet.com/mgoldenberg4/wpsolepdiysje71v/wish/2187626827 mgoldenberg4 https://padlet.com/mgoldenberg4/wpsolepdiysje71v/wish/2187635401 You can visualize types of structural changes by looking at a karyotype. The changes impact the genes housed in that section of DNA and can equate to health impacts on the individual. However, sometimes structural changes are present, but they don’t relate to a difference in phenotype.]]> 2022-05-17 13:40:22 UTC https://padlet.com/mgoldenberg4/wpsolepdiysje71v/wish/2187635401 mgoldenberg4 https://padlet.com/mgoldenberg4/wpsolepdiysje71v/wish/2187637818 Which do you think is easier to identify on a karyotype - changes in chromosome number or in chromosome structure? Explain your answer.]]> 2022-05-17 13:41:36 UTC https://padlet.com/mgoldenberg4/wpsolepdiysje71v/wish/2187637818 mgoldenberg4 https://padlet.com/mgoldenberg4/wpsolepdiysje71v/wish/2187644645 What kind of mutation is it when a segment of a chromosome is removed or lost?]]> 2022-05-17 13:45:26 UTC https://padlet.com/mgoldenberg4/wpsolepdiysje71v/wish/2187644645 mgoldenberg4 https://padlet.com/mgoldenberg4/wpsolepdiysje71v/wish/2187649347 What kind of mutation is it when a part of one chromosome is removed and added to another chromosome?]]> 2022-05-17 13:48:04 UTC https://padlet.com/mgoldenberg4/wpsolepdiysje71v/wish/2187649347 mgoldenberg4 https://padlet.com/mgoldenberg4/wpsolepdiysje71v/wish/2187650371 What kind of mutation is it when part of a chromosome is placed in the wrong orientation compared to the rest of the chromosomes?]]> 2022-05-17 13:48:36 UTC https://padlet.com/mgoldenberg4/wpsolepdiysje71v/wish/2187650371 mgoldenberg4 https://padlet.com/mgoldenberg4/wpsolepdiysje71v/wish/2187652779 What kind of mutation is it when a segment of the chromosome is replicated and inserted next to the original copy?]]> 2022-05-17 13:49:51 UTC https://padlet.com/mgoldenberg4/wpsolepdiysje71v/wish/2187652779 mgoldenberg4 https://padlet.com/mgoldenberg4/wpsolepdiysje71v/wish/2187653820 What kind of mutation is it when two chromosomes swap segments?]]> 2022-05-17 13:50:25 UTC https://padlet.com/mgoldenberg4/wpsolepdiysje71v/wish/2187653820