·       What are the public agencies?

Ø  Municipal/Provincial/Federal Government

Ø  Cities, provinces, the country

Ø  Police and fire

Ø  Healthcare

Ø  Hospitals, social services

Ø  Education

Ø  Elementary/Secondary schools

Ø  Post-secondary schools

Ø  Military/Security

·       Public procurement

Ø   Purchasing goods and services for public entities.

Ø  Most of the time, procurement is necessary for construction, consultants, purchases and service within agencies.

·       Where does the money come from?

Ø  Tax revenue

Ø  Sales taxes on purchases we make

Ø  Personal income tax

Ø  Corporate taxes

Ø  Federal government grants

Ø  License fees

·       Cooperative Purchasing

Ø  The joint purchasing from agencies of goods and services as a partnership.

Ø  Formal purchasing groups

Ø  Mix of sectors

Ø  Pool together needs

·       Types of Cooperative Purchasing

Ø  Piggybacked Purchasing

Ø  Pooled Purchasing

Ø  Consortium Purchasing

Ø  Formal Cooperative Purchasing

·       Benefits of cooperative purchasing

Ø  Reduction in workload

Ø  Achieving greater value

Ø  Ability to access/provide expertise

Ø  Political encouragement

Ø  Networking

Ø  Increased professionalism

Ø  The need becomes crucial when addressing any disagreement.

·       In-class presentation for any public agency in Ontario for 3 minutes, we choose Health Canada for the presentation.

The broader public sector (BPS) is composed of non-government organizations collecting some financial support from the government like hospitals, universities and school boards. In accordance with the Broader Public Sector Accountability Act, agencies that are government-run and receive significant financial support from citizens are also subject to transparency and accountability.

One direction of the act is the Broader Public Sector Procurement Directive, and it signifies open, fair and transparent procurement methods. It stands for ideals like accountability, transparency, and cost-effective spending.

The trade pacts pave the way for the exchange of commodities and services for which standards must be ionized. The treaties focus on economic growth by adding trade partners, thus, removing non-tariff barriers. The compliance predominantly relates to the purchase practices, public reporting and the resolution of bid disputes.

Risk management is a structured dedicated procedure to the task of insuring, preventing and mitigation against possible damage. It encompasses the determination and listing of threats in addition to the deployment of notions like avoidance, transfer or control to deal with the risks. One way to do it would be by seeking clarifications like what are the alternatives, and may be the risks can be shared by closing a contract with others. Insurance and formation of other 3rd party financial risk-bearing tools are widely applied to the providers to operate risks. Corporate risk management constitutes a corporate commitment, policies, training, staff prioritization, establishing a profile among the general public, and making contracts actionable. Insurance refers to different liabilities while the main objective of bond is to see that the contract is performed among the contractors & materials as well as to ensure that the bidder adheres to the previously mentioned.

Many of the elements of procurement procedure in common law originate from judicial decisions, which set precedent to determine the legal relationships between both parties. A Law called Agency Sets Forth the Relationship Between an Agent (employee) and a Principal (employer), to Make the Agent an agent of the principal in Dealings with Third Parties like suppliers. The document spells out who may sign on behalf of the company or supplier, plus their conditions and extenuations of rights and the obligations of the agent or supplier. Agents have a duty to observe primary loyalty to the interests of their principals, which is manifested in the realization of the obligation to performance, obedience, care, personal performance, respect for the authority of their principals, being responsible and remaining faithful in execution. Leaders must pay agents accordingly, see through the agreements made by agents, and also fulfill the agreements entered with the suppliers seamlessly if the agent notices their resignation.

The primary aim of public procurement is to facilitate cost effective and timely acquisition of services and products for the common good. This activity is being carried out within the limits of constrained government resources. Integrity in public procurement is made possible by using openness, fairness, and transparency principles, which allow for equal prospects to qualified suppliers and elimination of advantages due to flawed tendering actions. Most often implementations of competitive bidding, formal processes of solicitation, are used to make suppliers to tender the products and services being offered, thus creating a fair and level playground. It shows integrity and accountability in the competition by having some documents such as Request for Information, Expression of Interest, Pre-Qualification, Quotations, Tenders, and Proposals encouraged the right bidder to provide the best products and services.

In module 7 we work as a group for mid-term case analysis and need to submit before leaving the class

The requisitions are formal requisition slips filled by the internal customers of the parliament agencies concerned to indicate the need of a procurement. These can include department information, budgets, contacts, timelines, and approving signatures. When the requisitioning is completed, the process will then be passed on to Procurement Department to commence the business. Specifications tell about the physical, functionality, or performance characteristics of items or services you expect to procure and they serve as the basis documents for procurement. Such lists can include the design specifications elaborating the manufacturing requirements, performance specifications delineating how the items should operate, brand name specifications indicating specific brands or equivalents, and technical specifications spelling out the detailed characteristics of different products. the provided criteria guarantee the requirements are scoped easily and help during the acquisition procurement process.

Agencies have certain requirements in the documents such as the bidders who can undertake the legacy system as well as minimum and mandatory requirements. Among the requirements, proponents are mandatorily required to fill in the blank, leaving unfilled blanks as the reasons to be disqualified. Organizations outline these standards in their terms of reference with the aim of meeting the project’s underlying needs and upholding the project’s specifications.