https://padlet.com/gweiss0020/wmdyacipk7zpeiep Chapter Outline en-us 2021-04-28 22:58:44 UTC 2021-04-28 23:50:13 UTC hello@padlet.com gweiss0020 https://padlet.com/gweiss0020/wmdyacipk7zpeiep/wish/1471370250 - This system is the most simple
- Teacher arranges assignments and testes in multiples of 4-point units, with a maximum of 100 points 
- A= 100 points
- It allows final-grade points for daily assignments and several in-class activities
- It allows for extra credit]]> 2021-04-28 23:03:30 UTC https://padlet.com/gweiss0020/wmdyacipk7zpeiep/wish/1471370250 gweiss0020 https://padlet.com/gweiss0020/wmdyacipk7zpeiep/wish/1471373135 - Weigh grades according to the time invest 
- Based on ratio of the time each requires for the completion of a total of 50 hours (according to figure on pg. 166)
- Teachers can adjust weights accordingly ]]> 2021-04-28 23:05:09 UTC https://padlet.com/gweiss0020/wmdyacipk7zpeiep/wish/1471373135 gweiss0020 https://padlet.com/gweiss0020/wmdyacipk7zpeiep/wish/1471375003 - Throughout generations, has been alternately promoted "as the more appropriate way to evaluate and report student achievement" (pg. 166)
- High-stakes testing proponents 
- National polices and state education departments
- Standardized test scores
- Students are said to have demonstrated improved accomplishment in schools where there has been a verified, authentic scoring process
- Many districts have a policy that standardizes grades (100=A)
- Encourages teachers to reflect on students' accomplishments in real-world products 
- State and other district officials put an extensive effort and expensive into preparing teachers with a common understanding of these criteria; however, we must remember many teachers interpret the information individually

]]> 2021-04-28 23:06:19 UTC https://padlet.com/gweiss0020/wmdyacipk7zpeiep/wish/1471375003 gweiss0020 https://padlet.com/gweiss0020/wmdyacipk7zpeiep/wish/1471381845 - Students are asked to maintain a collection of their best work, in much the same way that a model or an artist might present a collection of "best work"
- Teachers and other educators make expectations that make the portfolio concept "valuable"
- The significance of portfolios is that students work in collaboration with teachers to select the work they believe would serve best in the student's portfolio
- Teachers must realize portfolios are not just work folders, they are aware that the student's ever-evolving portfolio is systematically subjective]]> 2021-04-28 23:10:42 UTC https://padlet.com/gweiss0020/wmdyacipk7zpeiep/wish/1471381845 gweiss0020 https://padlet.com/gweiss0020/wmdyacipk7zpeiep/wish/1471388297 - This is a strategy that is gaining popularity at a quick rate
- This means using scoring rubrics to evaluate student performance
- Sample rubrics included in appendix A & B (pg. 169)
- A scoring rubric means a set of brief descriptors of the "potential, finished product" (169)
- Depending on instruction/teacher/class, educators may choose to require demonstration only of the initial understanding of a higher score; on the other hand, a rubric may provide only top-rating representations 
- Teachers must leave out personal bias
- Rubrics are effective, creative and powerful ]]> 2021-04-28 23:14:15 UTC https://padlet.com/gweiss0020/wmdyacipk7zpeiep/wish/1471388297 gweiss0020 https://padlet.com/gweiss0020/wmdyacipk7zpeiep/wish/1471393812 - Over decades, scores of teams of educational theories have pointed to the reform and modification of Bloom's three basic taxonomies
- Marzano reviewed Bloom's taxonomies and reformed them as well
- Marzano's revision points to the highest taxonomy level being, "creation" (171)
- This involves the generation of new idea,s products or ways of viewing thinking 
- Examples include designing, constructing, producing, planning and innovating 
- The top level scaffolds on "evaluation" (171) 
- Evaluation means justifying the decisions and courses of action, checking hypothesis, experimenting and critiquing in order to determine outcomes
- Marzano builds these concepts all on understanding, which comes out of remembering or recalling
- One can rebuild rubrics in which each level reflects differing taxonomic accomplishments ]]> 2021-04-28 23:17:40 UTC https://padlet.com/gweiss0020/wmdyacipk7zpeiep/wish/1471393812 gweiss0020 https://padlet.com/gweiss0020/wmdyacipk7zpeiep/wish/1471421899 - Are grades to be a reward or communication device?
- Teaching standards require that teachers be effective in determining the levels of learning outcomes achieved by students
- There are several models, strategies and/or other methods of grading]]> 2021-04-28 23:34:34 UTC https://padlet.com/gweiss0020/wmdyacipk7zpeiep/wish/1471421899 gweiss0020 https://padlet.com/gweiss0020/wmdyacipk7zpeiep/wish/1471434093 - Report cards should reflect a variety of types of student performance
- No teacher should alienate or discourage students; give students second chances through extra credit
- Student competition of varying capabilities can be extremely damaging to students
- Use of bell or normal curve for grading is unfair to students
- Criterion-referenced tests are developed from lesson, unit and/or course objectives
- The final decision about a student's grade should always reflect what is best for the student's academic progress
- Unlike the act of measurement, grading and evaluation cannot occur without the inclusion of the teacher's own values]]> 2021-04-28 23:41:47 UTC https://padlet.com/gweiss0020/wmdyacipk7zpeiep/wish/1471434093