Classical and Modern Languages/group2: In the following text about law, write the terms of ancient Greek and Latin origin and give etymology and definition. by eleonora

Antonio P.- Antonella S. (Italy)

2016-01-16 09:20:17 UTC

Obligation: from Latin -obligationem- (nominative obligatio) an engaging orpledging "literally" a binding (but rarely used in this sense), noun of action from past participle stem of "obligare".
The Italian word for "OBLIGATION" is Obbligazione and it is used, nowadays, in the Italian law system ( Diritto Romano).

Ilaria Sgambetterra-Giusy Minnici (Italy)

2016-01-16 09:22:15 UTC

Party:The word "party" from old French "part" and means share,portion. This noun derives also from Latin partem (nominative pars) and it means a division. Instead in Greek we have peprotai.
The Italian word for "party" is"partito","comitiva", "festa","parte".In the Italian law system it means: " parte".

2016-01-16 09:30:25 UTC

Alessia. S - Alessia. C (Italy)

2016-01-16 09:31:33 UTC

Legal: From Latin "legalis " "legal,pertaining to the law", from lex (genitive legis ) "law" , possibily related to legere "to gather ", on notion of "a collection of rules . Sense of " 'permitted by law " is from 1640s. The Italian word for legal is "legale".

Anna Ursino - Andrea Ganzarolli(Italy): OBJECT

2016-01-16 09:38:05 UTC

OBJECT is from Medieval Latin objectum "thing put before" (the mind or sight), noun use of neuter of Latin obiectus "lying before, opposite" (as a noun in classical Latin, "charges, accusations"), past participle of obicere "to present, oppose, cast in the way of," from ob "against", iacere "to throw" .

The word cosistes in ob+jet .
Ob- is from Latin ob "toward, to, over against, in the way of, by reason of, about, before, in front of...";

-jec is from Late Latin iectare, abstracted from deiectare, proiectare, etc., in place of Latin iactare "toss about," frequentative of iacere "to throw, cast,...".

The Italian word for OBJECT is "oggetto" . We use it for correspondences and material things.

Daphne Riggio-Camilla Spanu (Italy)

2016-01-16 09:41:24 UTC

Agreement: it is a French word, but it derives from the combination of two Latin words:''ad''+''gratum''.

''Ad'' means: ''to, toward'' ;
''Gratum'' from the Latin word ''gratia'' (favor, esteem, regard).

The Italian word for "agreement" is "accordo".

Enrica Caminiti-Elena Trapa (Italy)

2016-01-16 09:55:50 UTC

Contract: derives from Latin contractus "a contract, agreement," from past participle of contrahere "to draw together," metaphorically, "to make a bargain,". From com- "together" + trahere ".
The word includes -tract .
Tract is from Latin tractus "track, course, space, duration," lit, "a drawing out or pulling," from stem of trahere "to pull, draw,".
The Italian word for CONTRACT is "contratto".
It is used for job meetings.

Francesco Carnovale (Italy)

2016-01-23 08:49:34 UTC

Pacta: from Old French "pacte" and from Latin "pactum" it means "agreement, contract, covenant".

The Italian word for "covenant" is "patto" or "convenzione".

Emma Marrapodi (Italy):

2016-01-23 09:34:45 UTC

AUTONOMY:This word is a combination of the Greek words :

auto+ nomos, autonomos "independent, living by one's own laws."

Auto means "self";nomos means "custom, law".

The Italian word for autonomy is "autonomia"

Spyros Kremmydas (Greece)

2016-01-25 10:15:23 UTC

Vote (n.

Formal expression of one's wish or choice with regard to a proposal, candidate, etc.," from Latin votum "a vow, wish, promise to a god, solemn pledge, dedication," noun use of neuter of votus, past participle of vovere "to promise, dedicate" (see vow (n.)). Meaning "totality of voters of a certain class or type" is from 1888.

KIRIAKI KELEPOURI, GREECE accusator

2016-01-25 10:16:56 UTC

From Latin accusatorius, from accusare.In greek is ''κατήγορος" and means the person who does the indictment.

Anastasia Katsou (Greece)

2016-01-25 10:20:44 UTC

JUDGE (v.)

from Anglo-French juger, Old French jugier "to judge, pronounce judgment; pass an opinion on," from Latin iudicare "to judge, to examine officially; form an opinion upon; pronounce judgment," from iudicem (nominative iudex)

Spyros Kremmydas (Greece)

2016-01-25 10:21:13 UTC

Democrat

Adherent of democracy," with reference to France, from French démocrate (18c., opposed to aristocrate), back-formation from démocratie (seedemocracy); revived in U.S. as a political party affiliation 1798, with a capital D. As a shortening of this, Demo (1793) is older than Dem (c. 1840).

democratic (adj.)

thodoris kiniklis (greece) private

2016-01-25 10:26:21 UTC

590s, "private citizen," short for private person "individual not involved in government" (early 15c.), or from Latin privatus "man in private life," noun use of the adjective; 1781 in the military sense, short for Private soldier "one below the rank of a non-commissioned officer" (1570s), from private (adj.)

in greek is ιδιωτικο

KIRIAKI KELEPOURI, GREECE CRIME

2016-02-01 10:16:39 UTC

It comes from Latin crimen"charge, indictment, accusation; crime, fault, offense," perhaps from cernere "to decide, to sift". But Klein (citing Brugmann) rejects this and suggests *cri-men, which originally would have been "cry of distress" (Tucker also suggests a root in "cry" words and refers to English plaint, plaintiff, etc.). Meaning "offense punishable by law" is from late 14c. The Latin word is glossed in Old English by facen, also "deceit, fraud, treachery." InGreek is ΕΓΚΛΗΜΑ.

Daphne Riggio-Camilla Spanu (Italy)

2016-02-02 08:43:38 UTC

UNILATERAL (adj)
From Modern Latin unilateralis, from unum, neuter of unus "one'' + latus (genitive lateralis) "side"
Jeremy Bentham may have been the first to use it in the legal sense of "made or entered into by one party."
The Italian word of ‘’unilateral’’ is ‘’unilaterale’’.

Antonella S.- Antonio P. (Italy)

2016-02-02 08:47:56 UTC

Advocate: It derives from Latin advocatus "one called to aid; a pleader, advocate," noun use of past participle of advocare "to call" (as witness or advisor) from ad-"to" + vocare "to call". Advocates are regulated by the Faculty of Advocates in Edinburgh. The Faculty of Advocates has about 750 members, of whom about 460 are in private practice. It is a certain branch of Barrister and lawyers.
The defendants' advocate is also called Devil's advocate.
This picture shows Italians advocates, the most famous in the world . The Italian word for advocate is avvocato

Francesco Carnovale (Italy

2016-02-02 08:56:18 UTC

AGENT
Late 15c., "one who acts", from Latin agentem (nominative agens) "effective, powerful," present participle of agere "to set in motion, drive, lead, conduct".
Meaning "any natural force or substance which produces phenomenon" is from 1550s.
Meaning "deputy, representative" is from 1590s.
Sense of "spy, secret agent" is attested by 1916.
The Italian word for "agent" is "agente".

Kiriaki Kelepouri Greece Contumacy

2016-02-04 11:11:17 UTC

From Latin contumacia "haughtiness, insolence," noun of quality from contumax
In greek is 'Ερημοδικία"

Giuseppe Romeo - Giorgio Pagano (Italy)

2016-02-05 09:42:39 UTC

Intention: late 14c,entencion,"purpose, design, aim or object; will, wish, desire, that which is intended,"from Old French entencion"intend, purpose, aspiration; will; thought" (12c.), from Latin intentionem (nominative intentio) " a streching out, straining, exertion, effort, attention,"noun of action from intendere"to turn one's attention, "literally "to stretch out". Also in Middle English"emotion, feelings; heart, mind, mental faculties, understanding."

The Italian word for intention is "intenzione".

Kiriaki Kelepouri,HYPOTHECATE

2016-02-14 12:42:58 UTC

Finally I found a Greek word!!! From Greek hypotheke "a deposit, pledge, mortgage," from hypo- "beneath, under" + tithenai "to put, place" Related: Hypothecated; hypothecating; hypothecation; hypothecary.Ιn Greek is ΥΠΟΘΗΚΕΥΩ.

Kiriaki Kelepouri PRISON

2016-02-14 12:48:21 UTC

From Vulgar Latin *presionem, from Latin prensionem (nominative prensio), shortening of prehensionem(nominative *prehensio) "a taking," noun of action from past participle stem of prehendere "to take". "Captivity," hence by extension "a place for captives," the main modern sense.In Greek is Φυλακή.

Anastasia Katsou (Greece) voluntarily

2016-02-15 19:44:39 UTC

It's from Latin voluntarius "willing, of one's free will," from voluntas "will," from the ancient accusative singular present participle of velle "to wish" (see will (v.)).
In greek the word is : οικειοθελώς

Anastasia Katsou (Greece) ELEMENT

2016-02-15 20:10:01 UTC

It's from Latin elementem "rudiment, first principle, matter in its most basic form" (translating Greek stoikheion ''στοιχείο''), origin and original sense unknown.

Anastasia Katsou (Greece) CONSIDERATION

2016-02-15 20:27:32 UTC

It's from Latin considerationem (nominative consideratio) "consideration, contemplation, reflection," noun of action from past participle stem of considerare.

Ilaria Sgambetterra-Giusy Minnici (Italy)

2016-02-20 08:34:30 UTC

BILATERAL:
It derives from Latin "bi+ lateral".Bi means twice,double.Lateral means indeed "belonging to the side".
This noun derives from English too and means "having two sides".
The Italian word forbilateral
is "bilaterale".

Alessia.C - Alessia.S (Italy)

2016-02-20 09:02:13 UTC

Administration: "act of giving or dispensing" late 14c .., "management, act of administering ", from Latin administrationem (nominative administratio) "aid,help,cooperation; direction, management," noun of action from past participle stem of administrare. The Italian word for administration is amministrazione.

Kiriaki Kelepouri,Grecce INNOCENT

2016-02-20 15:21:21 UTC

From Latin innocentem (nominative innocens) "not guilty''
Meaning "free from guilt of a specific crime or charge" is from late 14c., as is the meaning "with childlike simplicity or artlessness." Humorous sense "free, devoid of" is from 1706. The noun meaning "person who is innocent of sin or evil, artless or simple person" is from c. 1200, especially a young child (who presumably has not yet sinned actively). The Holy Innocents (early 14c.) were the young children slain by Herod after the birth of Jesus (Matt. ii:16), henceInnocents day (Dec. 28).

Indo-European words for "innocent" are generally negative compound of the word for "guilty." An exception is the Germanic group represented by Gothicswikns (also "pure, chaste"), Old Norse sykn "free from guilt, innocent" (especially as a law term), Old English swicn "clearance from a charge," also "cleansing," but these are of uncertain origin.IN GREEK IS ΑΘΩΟΣ.

Anastasia Ktsou (Greece) principle

2016-02-22 12:02:40 UTC

It's from Latin principium (plural principia) "a beginning, commencement, origin, first part," in plural "foundation, elements," from princeps.
In greek the word is : αρχή

Anastasia Katsou (Greece) Latin

2016-02-22 12:19:43 UTC

It's from Latin latinium. The more common form in Old English was læden, from Vulgar Latin ladinum
In greek the word is : λατινικά

Anastasia Katsou (Greece) translate

2016-02-22 12:25:57 UTC

It's from Latintranslatus "carried over," serving as past participle of transferre "to bring over, carry over", from trans- + latus "borne, carried".
In greek the word is : μεταφράζω

Giuseppe Romeo - Giorgio Pagano (Italy)

2016-03-02 08:00:07 UTC

Forum: mid-15c, "place of assembly in ancient Rome", "from Latin forum", "marketplace, open space, public place", apparently akin to foris, foras"out of doors, outside,"from PIE root *dhwer- "door,doorway (see door). Sense of "assembly, place for public discussion" first recorded 1680s.
In Italian "forum" is always forum.

Giuseppe Romeo - Giorgio Pagano(Italy)

2016-03-02 08:22:19 UTC

Stipulation: 1550s, " a commitment or activity to do something" (now obsolete), from Latin stipulationem ( nominative stipulatio), noun of action from past participle stem of stipulari "exact a promise, bargain , " of uncertain origin. Traditionally said to be from Latin stipula " stalk, straw" (see stipule) in reference to some obscure symbolic act ; this is rejected by most authorities, who, however, have not come up with a better guess. De Vaan suggests " the original meaning of the verb was 'to draw / cut straws.' ... The noun stip- must have developed from a concrete object that was used for payments, but the nature of the object is unknown: a certain stalk of a plant? a measure of corn? "Meaning" act of specifying one of the terms of a contract or agreement" from 1750. Meaning " that which is stipulated or agreed upon" in English is from 1802.
In Italian this word means "stipulazione".

Anastasia Katsou (Greece) mean

2016-03-06 13:58:16 UTC

It's from Latin medianus "of or that is in the middle". Oldest sense is musical; mathematical sense is from c. 1500. Some senes reflect confusion with mean. This is the mean in by no means.
In greek the word is : μέσο