Eberth was the first known person to attempt to identify the infectious agent, believing it was a part of the bacillus family (a bacterial family). 4 years later, Georg Gaffky confirmed that the agent was from the bacillus family, and named it Eberthella typhi, which has been changed since.

Typhoid Fever is a foodborne illness. Foodborne illnesses are defined as microbes or pathogens that cause disease by food or beverage contamination. 

https://libguides.uml.edu/early_lowell/Typhoid_1890-1891
https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/foodborne/basics.html#:~:text=Foodborne%20illness%20is%20caused%20by,bacteria%2C%20viruses%2C%20and%20parasites.
https://www.news-medical.net/health/Typhoid-Fever-History.aspx

There is no exact timeline for this disease, as it is believed to have been around since 430 BC. In 1838 an English doctor by the name of William Budd identified what he called at the time poison, and suggested isolation of individuals and excrement to help prevent the spread. It was not properly identified until 1880 and 1884 by Karl Joseph Ehberth and Georg Gaffky. A vaccine came out in 1896 and was given to military personnel. The disease does still spread today, but mainly in populations where access to clean water is not promised. 

According to historians, if Typhoid Fever is responsible for the plague in Athens in 430 BC, about 1/3 of the population died as a result of the outbreak, and again for Jamestown between 1607 and 1624, it almost eliminated the colony by taking more than 6,000 lives. Currently per the CDC, it is estimated that around 200,000 deaths occur across the world each year as a result of typhoid fever, with about 11-21 million cases per year. 

Since the origins of this disease is still rather unknown, here is a current map of areas where Typhoid Fever is prevalent.

https://www.cdc.gov/typhoid-fever/health-professional.html#:~:text=An%20estimated%2011%E2%80%9321%20million,fever%20occur%20worldwide%20each%20year.&text=In%20the%20United%20States%2C%20about,diagnosed%20with%20paratyphoid%20fever%20annually.
https://www.news-medical.net/health/Typhoid-Fever-History.aspx

The virulence did change over time. Considering early plagues are believed to be Typhoid Fever, which effectively killed a large portion of the population, in comparison to today, where a simple antibiotic is able to treat the disease. So long as whomever is infected has access to medical care, Typhoid Fever is easily treatable. 

https://www.cdc.gov/typhoid-fever/health-professional.html#:~:text=An%20estimated%2011%E2%80%9321%20million,fever%20occur%20worldwide%20each%20year.&text=In%20the%20United%20States%2C%20about,diagnosed%20with%20paratyphoid%20fever%20annually.
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/typhoid-fever/#:~:text=If%20typhoid%20fever%20isn't%20treated%2C%20it's%20estimated%20that%20up,more%20about%20treating%20typhoid%20fever.

The use of vaccines was the first way to combat Typhoid Fever in 1911. The use of vaccinations began in 1796, which was used to eradicate small pox. The same types of thinking aided researchers in their methods to combat typhoid via vaccination. Around 30 years later, researchers were able to create an antibiotic that was useful in treating typhoid fever. Antibiotics were first used in the 1890s, but the first true antibiotic, penicillin, was discovered in 1928. 

The newest technology at the time was the development of the vaccine, followed by antibiotic technologies around 30 years later. No modern technology was used considering the timeline of when this disease developed. 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3959940/
https://www.acs.org/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/flemingpenicillin.html#:~:text=But%20it%20was%20not%20until,St.%20Mary's%20Hospital%20in%20London.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3336846/

In 1907, there wasn't a prominent initiative to combat the spread of typhoid, rather just trying to eliminate Mary from interacting with the population. In modern times, we now have CaT, which has partnered with the Typhoid Vaccine Acceleration Consortium, which aims to attack typhoid on a global level, mainly in underserved populations.

In 1907, leadership was rather harsh and unethical to Mary, unfortunately due to the lack of knowledge of the disease coupled with no cure for it. Overall, the disease is well contained in more affluent countries, but still poses a risk to others. If financial boundaries were not an issue for the countries most at risk, leadership would definitely have a more feasible way of treating it. 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6405271/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3959940/

In the US, as a cure rolled out there was less of a stigma around the disease. This is not the same in some countries, as there is still a stigma surrounding the disease due to increase antimicrobial resistance, as well as contaminated water sources. 

Society learned the importance of proper sanitation. Always washing your hands, treating foods, as well as many other common practices used in the food industry today. Not to mention sanitation in regards to drinking water and plumbing. Unfortunately for those in an area where plumbing and clean drinking water is not readily available, typhoid exists, which is why we see it in certain regions of the world. 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28973415/
https://www.coalitionagainsttyphoid.org/the-issues/typhoid-and-wash/#:~:text=Proper%20hygiene,in%20the%20prevention%20of%20typhoid.

What surprised me most about my disease was the treatment of Mary Mallon. I had always heard of typhoid mary, but learning about their treatment of her was really surprising and sad.

I feel like discussing the symptoms, or more so the medical aspects of the disease could be a part of the Padlet. After reading through many of the student introductions, I feel like many students enrolled in this course have plans to pursue medicine in some capacity, and I know for me personally, knowing in what ways disease affect people is interesting, as well as it expands on my knowledge of diseases.