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      <title>MAEC Project TB06  by Sophia Van</title>
      <link>https://padlet.com/sophiavan783/wjfd38xtg4ph</link>
      <description>Members: Mikayla, Max, Charmaine, Samuel, Sophia, Crystal</description>
      <language>en-us</language>
      <pubDate>2017-05-15 03:13:45 UTC</pubDate>
      <lastBuildDate>2017-12-30 11:24:38 UTC</lastBuildDate>
      <webMaster>hello@padlet.com</webMaster>
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         <title></title>
         <author>sophiavan783</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sophiavan783/wjfd38xtg4ph/wish/172587055</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2017-05-18 14:05:02 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/sophiavan783/wjfd38xtg4ph/wish/172587055</guid>
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         <title>1ST ARTICLE</title>
         <author>sophiavan783</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sophiavan783/wjfd38xtg4ph/wish/172587285</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>key ideas in this article: France's fluctuations in GDP, unemployment rate,  labor force amount and participation rate and ranking in world economy.<br><br>Background: In the period of May 2017 , France was undergoing a presidency election with Le Pen and Macron both running for the position. Many investors were eyeing the election closely and cheering Macron on to victory as he was more aligned with economics and markets .<br>If Le Pen took the position however,  the France economy would be at stake as her policy dictated pulling out the Euro currency and enforcing major restrictions on immigration and free movement across borders. Hence, with Le Pen as president, investing in France would be an unfavorable prospect for foreign investors. <br>With positive sentiments about the election,  investments would pick up despite the nation's disposable income.<br><br><strong>The article explains the significance of France's economy<br><br>1. </strong>France is the second most significant nation in the European region and a powerful utilizer of the Euro currency. Any blow to the France economy would take the same direct impact on the currency,<br><br>2. France has a very strong and sound economy, this is evident in France's GDP accounting for 14.3% of the GDP for the whole European region. Its economy has also seen a gradual increase in GDP over the years, currently making it the 11th largest economy in the year.<br>- France is also a very populated nation, with ranking of 22nd highest most populated in the world.<br><br>3. France's total labor force in 2016 also was 22nd on the world. <br><br></div><div><strong>Factors which contributed to France's GDP</strong></div><div><br>The growth in France's services sector accounts (which accounted for 78% of France's GDP) for most of their economical success, deriving the third largest income in the world from Tourism. Using the expenditure approach, this shows that France's GDP is heavily dependent on government investment in goods and services due to the demand from tourism. Hence we can conclude that tourism is the most prominent sector of France's economy.<br><br><strong>Talking what France has not done so well on in terms of unemployment rate, public finance and and taxes: </strong><br><br>1. Despite the growth in GDP and economy, France has seen an increase in overall unemployment rate over the years. However, youth unemployment specifically, saw a decline. <br><br>2. France's budget deficit rose over the years despite the increase in GDP due to high spending. <br><br>3. France's income tax burden was also very high, with some of the rates at 40% high,<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://247wallst.com/economy/2017/04/24/why-frances-economy-matters-so-much-france-by-the-numbers/" />
         <pubDate>2017-05-18 14:05:38 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/sophiavan783/wjfd38xtg4ph/wish/172587285</guid>
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         <title>2nd ARTICLE - shows France GDP, Unemployment Rate, gov. debt, income inequality and social spending </title>
         <author>email2charmaine</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sophiavan783/wjfd38xtg4ph/wish/172587467</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>-Although France's GDP is increasing but it is still lower than other countries like U.S and Netherlands. <br>-This results in France's unemployment rate to be higher than the other countries.<br>-France has an unemployment rate of about 10% which is more than double of unemployment rate in Germany and U.S.<br>-24% of youth aged 15 to 24 face unemployment.<br>- The reason for youths facing high unemployment rate is that France do not have a close relationship between education and work, many high school leavers do not have any work experience. Furthermore, the unemployment rate of people with a secondary level education is almost twice as high as degree holders. However, some with high level of education could not even find a job. <br>- Therefore, having less job-related experience cause youths to be more vulnerable and decrease their chances of being employed, since many companies demand much on having previous work experiences.<br>- Hence, youths may be the last to be employed ---- often on temporary work contract, but the first to be laid off during an economic downturn since they have lower job protection due to their inexperience and a temporary work basis. Many employers also sack the newest hired first.<br>-France government debt as % of GDP has increased 32% over 10 years.<br>-Even though France economy is quite weak, but it's income distribution is quite even and the risk of it's citizens suffering from poverty is lower than the other countries such as U.K and U.S.<br>-France spends more on social and welfare than many other countries with bigger economies. Nearly one-third of France's GDP goes to welfare.<br>- The generous spending of France on social and welfare caused higher budget deficits.<br>- The healthcare system is in desperate need of more cash.<br>- As there is a rapid growth in ageing population, now there are only 4 workers for every 1 retiree compared to previously where there are 7 workers to 1 retiree. Therefore, the spendings on healthcare and pensions are not sustainable and reforms need to be made.<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://money.cnn.com/2017/04/19/news/economy/france-election-economy/" />
         <pubDate>2017-05-18 14:06:14 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/sophiavan783/wjfd38xtg4ph/wish/172587467</guid>
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         <title>PROJECT BRIEF</title>
         <author>lian_kayla8</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sophiavan783/wjfd38xtg4ph/wish/172620134</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>-each group shall select a maximum of 3 news articles that are related to macroeconomics concepts taught so far (e.g. GDP, Unemployment, Inflation, Keynesian Model).&nbsp; <br>-the selected article(s) must be <strong>dated after 31 Jan 2017. <br>-</strong>please ensure that the chosen article(s)<strong> encompasses at least THREE topics with distinct economic issues</strong> that you could do your analysis on. &nbsp;<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2017-05-18 15:47:42 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/sophiavan783/wjfd38xtg4ph/wish/172620134</guid>
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         <title>Comments from Wang</title>
         <author>I_M_WANG</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sophiavan783/wjfd38xtg4ph/wish/175821535</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Salut Team France! <br>Thanks for sharing your thoughts. Some questions for your to think about: <br>1st Article<br>- Which is/are the key sector(s) as mentioned in the article? <br>- How would positive sentiments about the election affect the economy? <br>- Use the expenditure method of GDP to analyse the <strong>relevant </strong>components. No hypothetical analysis please. <br>2nd Article <br>- Not much prelim analysis here. <br>- Find out further why the youths are facing high levels of unemployment. <br>- Examine the impact of social program and such spending on the nation.<br>3rd Article<br>-  This article is good. Quite a bit to talk about. <br>Questions:<br>- corporate and income tax were mentioned. Your comments on the impact of the mentioned changes on the economy. <br>- What are the other policies mentioned to help improve the employment? <br>- What could be the possible cause for long term unemployment in France? Why are people not eager to find jobs? <br>- Which component(s) of the GDP was mentioned as being important? </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2017-06-09 02:57:42 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/sophiavan783/wjfd38xtg4ph/wish/175821535</guid>
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         <title>3RD ARTICLE (edited)</title>
         <author>lian_kayla8</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sophiavan783/wjfd38xtg4ph/wish/177052589</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong>SUMMARY:</strong></div><div>-talks about GDP, France's unemployment rate, investments from other countries, spending</div><div><em>Key topics: </em>GDP, Unemployment, Investment Rate</div><div>  </div><blockquote><strong>Jobs (Unemployment)</strong></blockquote><div>-most of the jobs created in Hollande's term (2012-2017) were part-time jobs (mostly temporary eg only one month jobs)</div><div>-youth unemployment is close to double that of US</div><div>-unemployment has risen for vulnerable groups (youths, low skilled, immigrants)<br>- Unemployment rate has been very high during the 5 years and the French president did not solve the issue correctly.<br>- Despite introducing polices like making hiring and firing easier, unemployment rate is still relatively high.<br>- This is not very ideal as people will be out of job very easily despite being hired for only a short period of time.<br>- Hence, even if you have a job, it will not be a permanent job since most of the contracts are shorter than a month, which ultimately leads the unemployment rate to be high.<br>- However, he actually helped the unemployed workers to be skilled by sending them for trainings that might help them in search of the existing jobs. <br>- As seen from the graphs, France’s unemployment rate is the highest among the EU countries although the people who are undergoing training increases sharply.<br>- In conclusion, even though the French president came up with ways to solve the unemployment issue, it is not enough to lower down the unemployment rate, resulting in a very high unemployment rate eventually.<br><br><strong><em>Possible Causes for Unemployment</em></strong><strong><br></strong>-some people may not be eager to find jobs because France is still a welfare state<br>-hence the state provides for citizens especially those who need financial help through grants, pensions, subsidies and other benefits<strong><br></strong>-people are underemployed and do not have stable jobs<br>-86.4% (majority) of total hiring was into temporary jobs, and 80% of such contracts were shorter than one month<br>-long-term unemployment is still high, eg 43% of the unemployed have been without jobs for more than a year<br><br><strong><em>Who Is Most Affected</em></strong><br>-France’s youth unemployment rate is approximately twice of UK’s and is still rising<br>-in contrast with a decline in most developed economies<br>-foreigners’ and those with lower levels of education as compared to others also has a rising unemployment rate<br><br><strong><em>Policies to help improve employment</em></strong><br>-introduced tax credits to reduce labour costs<br>-introduced a bill that made hiring and firing easier. <br>-he also increased training opportunities and incentives to return to work.<br><br><strong><em>Improvements</em></strong></div><div>-unemployment figures have only improved by a little bit over the past year <br>-however, data shows that policies which encourage more jobseekers into training have had some success.</div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.ft.com/content/c33bafde-fe68-11e6-8d8e-a5e3738f9ae4?mhq5j=e2" />
         <pubDate>2017-06-21 03:16:23 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/sophiavan783/wjfd38xtg4ph/wish/177052589</guid>
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         <title>3RD ARTICLE (extended) </title>
         <author>lian_kayla8</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sophiavan783/wjfd38xtg4ph/wish/177054256</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<blockquote><strong>GDP:</strong></blockquote><div>-France was able to rise from its downturn in real GDP in 2009</div><div>-however, it still underperformed and had lower average growth than most of the EU</div><div><br><strong><em>Expenditure </em></strong><strong><br></strong>-spending is still high (expenditure approach)<br>-France still has one of the highest public spending ratios among advanced countries - at 57% of GDP<br>-health, social and pensions expenditure as a share of GDP remain high, and is still rising<br>- France has not been doing well in terms of economy for the past few years.<br>- Despite things starting to get well in the later part, it is still not enough as it is still below the EU average of 1.8 per cent.<br>- Even though France’s public spending is the highest, it is a lot lesser than the previous years.<br>- The president managed to spend within the amount of income and not exceed it which is important as the country will be bankrupt soon if this does not stop.<br>- As seen from the graphs, France is the highest for GDP which is not surprising given the fact that they actually spend more than they should.<br>- Since they spend more than they should, they will not have enough income earned previously to spend, so they borrowed a huge sum of money which resulted in the high percentage under the debt chart.<br>- Nonetheless, France did well in reducing the amount they spend which resulted in the fiscal balance line to go up under the negative segment.<br>-with high expenditure, combined with slow economic growth, France’s debt burden has continued to grow <br>-high tax burden on French businesses may be an obstacle for growth and investment <br>-recent economic growth has been due to consumption rather than investment<br>-however, investments did grow, but at a lower pace<br>- In conclusion, although France’s spending is still high, the president actually did help to reduce the amount of spending which is a good thing.<br><br><strong><em>To improve</em></strong><br>-government has taken steps to improve this such as introducing tax breaks<br>-has introduced law (Macron Law) which is designed to help competitiveness eg allowing shops to stay open longer<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2017-06-21 03:54:22 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/sophiavan783/wjfd38xtg4ph/wish/177054256</guid>
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         <title>2nd article (extra)</title>
         <author>s10177837</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/sophiavan783/wjfd38xtg4ph/wish/177169584</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The main <strong>reason for the unemployment rate</strong> of youths is the fact that the owners of businesses that are hiring them font view them as valuable workers to keep around. they believe that experience is one of the main deciding factors of whether they want to be hired or not. even if they are hired, during a period of economic downturn, they will be forced to fire some workers to reduce the expenditure.<strong> this is a good example of cyclical unemployment</strong>. since the young inexperienced workers are less valuable to keep around compared to older experienced workers, the young workers are first inline to be fired which largely contributes to the unemployment rate. This shows that some of the unemployment in France is cyclical unemployment which is undesirable in a country aiming to make their unemployment rate as low as possible.&nbsp;<br><br><br>social spending may not exactly be 100% positive to the unemployment rate. social spending include unemployment benefits. if the unemployment benefits are very high as stated, some people may just be too lazy to find work and just depend on the benefits instead. this will not give them motivation to go and search for a job like they are meant to do, but instead cause them to just not look for a job, causing the unemployment rate to stay high. However, high social spending can also lower the unemployment rate as it also includes programs the government pays for that will allow the youths and inexperienced to be more well trained which will increase their employable and cause the unemployment rate to be lowered. this shows that the high social spending may be France's attempt to solve The problem of unemployment and it is working but there are a few secondary effects.(the people living off the benefits).<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2017-06-22 06:12:01 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/sophiavan783/wjfd38xtg4ph/wish/177169584</guid>
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