The artist mocks Van Buren by cloaking him in worthless banknotes created during the Panic of 1837

Mocks Andrew Jackson and his policies

Mentions Specie Circular- the order where the government only accepted silver and gold as payment for land

“Safety Fund” was a program designed to offset the damage of bank failures

Document “Indian Claims” refers to Jackson's policy of Indian Removal

It helps prevent tyranny

• This was a system that was created to prevent single branches from becoming too powerful, it made sure it was safe against tyranny

It ensures accountability 

• Each branch has the responsibility to oversee and potentially check the actions of all the other branches, which holds them accountable for their decisions

It protects citizens' rights

• This limits the power of government, and the checks and balances help protect the rights and liberties of citizens

Facilitates Cooperation

• The main idea is to limit power, so that the checks and balances encourage collaboration between the branches to achieve their goals 

_{The National Road (also known as the Cumberland Pike or Cumberland Turnpike) was the first American highway funded by Congress.} 

_{Congress believed that a National Road warranted federal funding for two principal reasons — population growth and economic development.}

_{The road was wide enough to permit wagons and coaches to pass each other from opposite directions and banked so that water would easily drain to the sides.}

_{by the early 1850’s, use of the National Road diminished because of the westward growth of the steam powered Baltimore & Ohio and Pennsylvania Railroads which moved people and goods much faster than horse-drawn vehicles.}

_{Many miles of the route, bridges and sites associated with this first nationally funded interstate highway remain today}

_{After declining in use due to the innovative technology of the railroad, it regained a place in American history with the still later technology of the automobile.}

_{It was the first federally funded road in U.S. history}

_{It would connect Cumberland, Maryland to the Ohio River}

_{By the 1830s the federal government conveyed part of the road's responsibility to the states through which it runs}

_{Tollgates and tollhouses were then built by the states, with the federal government taking responsibility for road repairs}

_{The  early settlements, earning the nickname "The Main Street of America”}

_{In the 1960s Interstate 70, leaving many businesses by the wayside, bypassed Route 40 and much of the National Road.}

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized

No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence.

In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

Freedom of Religion, Speech, and press.

You can own a gun to protect yourself.

The government can’t force you to house soldiers.

The government can’t search your property without a warrant.

You have a right to a fair legal process, and can’t be tried twice for the same thing.

You have the right to a quick trial with a jury.

You can have a jury decide civil cases.

The government can’t demand unfair bail or cruel punishments.

Even if a right is not in the constitution doesn’t mean you don't have it.

Powers that don’t belong to the government belong to the states or the people.

_{363 mile through the New York wilderness}

_{transport for 50,000 people}

_{The government did not like the idea they thought it was too ambitious}

_{They needed the Erie Canal so there was less robbery and because the roads that they had done would turn into mud if it rained and if it was summer they would turn into hard bricks and they would kick up so much dust}

https://www.ushistory.org/us/20a.asp?srsltid=AfmBOorVNNMRSbmYg95zfUqjZslKYmQPmODdJSptcs0yeJD3ardDnCuq#google_vignette

https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/creating-the-united-states/election-of-1800.html 

Led to a population boom, due to the large number of settlers, California received its statehood in 1850

The economy grew due to the population boom, and a flood of new businesses was transformed

Farming and ranching became industries for those willing to do the hard labor.

Due to the isolation of California from the rest of the US, they started building the Transcontinental Railroad in 1869 to send and receive goods

January 24, 1848, at Sutter’s Mill in Sacramento Valley, James Marshall noticed gold in the water

Men came from San Francisco in search of gold in 1849

Word spread everywhere, even to China and European countries

The 49ers left their homes to travel to the land teeming with gold

Boom towns were known for violence and gambling

Resources were limited, and prices rose

The population grew by nearly 380,000 by 1860

The Transcontinental Railroad connected the East and West coasts

25,000 Chinese (Some from European countries) immigrants moved to California by 1851

Discrimination increased, many unfair laws were passed for immigrants, and this lasted until the 1900s

More than 750,000 lbs of gold have been found

In 1820, the political power was in balance with 11 slave states and 11 free states. 

Tension was high with the debate over whether slavery could spread or be abolished, and adding Missouri.

When we gained the land from the Louisiana purchase, a section of land called Missouri wanted to join the union as a slave state.

This would set the slave states to 12 and the free states to  11, giving more political power to the slave states. 

The Union was in this ever-lasting debate of slavery, which later led to the Civil War. 

Congress proposed a compromise to settle the tensions in the Union → The Missouri Compromise of 1820 

Congress said Missouri (slave) and Maine (free) would join the Union to keep the balance, along with prohibiting slavery from the latitude line 36 30. 

The Missouri Compromise was a law that sought to calm the growing sectionalism in the Union over slavery 

President James Monroe signed the Compromises. 

The Missouri Compromise would stand for 30 years before being replaced by the Kansas-Nebraska Acts 

Missouri first applied for statehood in 1818 

The 800,000 square miles bought from France would be renamed Missouri to avoid confusion with the newly admitted state of Louisiana 

Many in the North did not support the expansion of slavery, and many even were abolitionists.

Southerners thought that states should have the right to choose whether to be a free state or a slave state  

During a debate, Representative James Tallmadge of New York offered an amendment to the statehood bill that could have eventually ended slavery in Missouri. The amendment bill barely passed through the House because of the slight power the North had there, but it couldn’t be passed in the South with equal representation.