Culture by Kirthana Devi Vinayaga Murthy https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1 How culture complicate the organization activities en-us 2021-08-21 11:41:43 UTC 2023-02-20 17:14:38 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f914.png What is Culture? vkirthanadevi27 https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1688927235
  • Culture refers to the cumulative deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving.
  • Examples of culture: Norms. Norms are informal, unwritten rules that govern social behaviors, Languages, Festivals Rituals & Ceremony, Holidays, Pastimes, Food, Architecture.
  • Different types of culture in Malaysia since Malaysia is one of the multi-racial countries. Malaysian enjoys the different type of culture such as food. Variety type of food Nasi lemak, Wan Tan Mee and Tosai. 
  • Culture plays an important role all over the world. All country have their own culture.



    • ]]>     2021-08-21 12:00:21 UTC https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1688927235     How does cultural diversity impact an organization? vkirthanadevi27 https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1688935974
  • People of many ethnicities, ages, genders, beliefs, and lifestyles make up today's workforce.
  • If managed well, diversity can give an organization a competitive edge, but if not, an unwelcoming work climate can hurt a firm's bottom line.
  • A varied workplace culture would benefit a company in a variety of ways, particularly in terms of productivity and efficiency. 
  • Allowing culturally different employees to discuss together could result in a diverse range of solutions.
    • ]]>     2021-08-21 12:25:09 UTC https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1688935974     How culture complicate the organization vkirthanadevi27 https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1688992062 NEGOTIATION
    Culture has a significant impact on how individuals think, interact, and act. It also has an impact on the types of deals people conduct and how they negotiate them. Because of the immense diversity of the world's cultures, no negotiator, no matter how competent or experienced, can fully comprehend all of the cultures that may be met. In negotiation have some process which involve the culture diversity. First process is negotiation goal: which is  contract or relationship. Negotiators from various cultures may have different perspectives on the aim of a negotiation. For dealmakers from some cultures, the first and foremost purpose of a business negotiation is a signed contract between the parties. Other cultures believe that the purpose of a negotiation is to create a relationship between the two parties rather than a signed contract. Next is negotiation attitude. Due to cultural, psychological, or both variations, businesspeople appear to approach deal-making with one of two main attitudes: that a negotiation is either a process in which both parties benefit (win-win) or a fight in which one side must win and the other loses (win-lose).Win-win negotiators see deal making as a collaborative, problem-solving process; win-lose negotiators view it as confrontational. Moreover, personal style. A negotiator's personal style refers to how he or she addresses others, utilizes titles, dresses, speaks, and interacts with others. The personal style of negotiators is heavily influenced by culture. A formal negotiator insists on addressing counterparts by their titles, avoids personal anecdotes, and avoids questioning about the private or familial lives of other negotiating team members. 

    An informal negotiator strives to start the conversation on a first-name basis, swiftly establishing a personal, pleasant contact with the other party. Each culture has its own formalities with their own special meanings. Lastly, emotionalism. Almost every account of bargaining behavior in other cultures emphasizes a group's emotional propensity. Varied cultures have different standards on when and how to exhibit emotions, which are also brought up during negotiations. Dealmakers should make an effort to comprehend them.


    ]]>     2021-08-21 14:27:56 UTC https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1688992062     vkirthanadevi27 https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1688995346 2021-08-21 14:34:40 UTC https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1688995346 Example of Negotiation process impact by culture. vkirthanadevi27 https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1689455540  Negotiating goal: Contract or relationship?
    • For example, in a poll of over 400 people from twelve different nations that were published in The Global Negotiator, the researcher discovered that while 74% of Spanish respondents said their goal in negotiation was to get a contract, just 33% of Indian executives agreed.
    • Asian negotiators, whose primary purpose is to build a relationship, devote more time and effort to the preliminary stages of negotiations, whereas North Americans prefer to rush through this stage of the process.
    Personal style: Informal or formal?
    •  For example, that Germans have a more formal style than Americans. For an American, addressing someone by their first name is a sign of friendship and hence a positive trait. 
    • When a Japanese person meets someone for the first time, using their first name is considered disrespectful and thus unacceptable.
    Communication: Direct or indirect?
    • You can expect a straightforward and definite reaction to your offers and queries in a culture that values directness, such as the American or Israeli cultures.
    • Interpreting seemingly imprecise comments, gestures, and other indicators can help you get a response to your offers in cultures that rely on indirect communication, such as the Japanese. 
    • For example, the indirect ways in which Japanese negotiators communicate displeasure have frequently caused foreign corporate leaders to feel that their offers were still being considered when they were actually rejected by the Japanese side.


    ]]>     2021-08-22 11:58:59 UTC https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1689455540     INTERVIEWING vkirthanadevi27 https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1689502446 Cultural differences can play a role in interview expectations. From appropriate hand gestures to attire expectations, it can be difficult to know just how to put your best foot forward. When not aware of cultural differences, interviewees and interviewers can take each other’s behavior's as rude, disengaged, or not serious, or they may simply get confused by the whole situation. When we attend an interview this is all the process we should look after. The first is Formality. An interview should be treated as an exam, and we should treat it as such. Keep in mind that some cultures require highly formal interactions during the interview, but others are happy with a more relaxed dialogue that displays hints of our individuality. Next, body language. We send 95 percent of all communication by the way we move. It's all about your tone of voice, gestures, and posture. Although eye contact is desirable, recruiters are aware that eye contact patterns differ by culture, thus it is not required. Moreover, Interaction: In a normal American interview, how you speak and portray your experience may differ significantly from what is anticipated elsewhere. You're expected to sell yourself in some culture. Others may anticipate candidates to be more quiet or inquisitive. Furthermore, appearance. It can be difficult to know how to dress for cross-cultural interviews. Some cultures believe that smart clothing shows sophisticated abilities. In some societies, there is a fine line between wearing well and dressing too well, which means your attire could be perceived as elitist.]]> 2021-08-22 13:30:35 UTC https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1689502446 vkirthanadevi27 https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1689502984 2021-08-22 13:31:42 UTC https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1689502984 Example culture impact in interviewing vkirthanadevi27 https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1689519230 Question asked by the interviewers
    • Japan job interviews Japan are frequently multi-staged and group-oriented. During the interview, the interviewer is likely to ask various personal questions. These can include questions about the interviewee's age, family situation, how long he plans to stay, his future aspirations and personal career ambitions, and so forth. But in the US, the interview itself could be more forward-looking. The interviewer is likely to inquire about your professional ambitions and plans. The interviewee is frequently asked where he sees himself in five years.
    Body Languages 
    • Extended direct eye contact is considered impolite and disrespectful in Asian countries but the same eye contact has the opposite meaning in the US. This is in sharp contrast to interviewing in the United States, where maintaining eye contact throughout a job interview is required to demonstrate confidence and professionalism.
    Communication 
    • Speak loudly and clearly may be construed to be a positive trait in the UK. But in many other countries such as Malaysia they believe speaking softly is good quality. A job interview in the United States is all about selling oneself. The interviewee should be able to sell the benefits and skills he will contribute to the company. In general, the tone of the interview is mostly optimistic, positive, and enthusiastic. But in Japan, the interviewee should know about their company, their vision, mission.
    ]]>     2021-08-22 13:57:51 UTC https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1689519230     ADVERTISING inbatharashinianbarasan16 https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1695759139 Advertising attempts to sell goods by appealing to consumers through gender identity, celebrity endorsement, romantic imagery, notions of achieving happiness or contentment and other cultural dimension  not tangibly related  to the advertised product or service. Advertising is part of  the glue that holds our culture together which allows us to share a common experience in a landscape populated by brands, images, logos and even jingles.  It  reflects and influences our  cultural  value  and therefore it cannot be ignored when building effective advertising. The standardized approach of advertising the product as “one sight one sound one sell” offers efficiencies in creation and production.  In practice, the standardization perspective has not worked out too well.  One reason for the failure of global advertising is that consumers in different countries have varying conventions  and customs, so they simply do not  use products the same way. So it means that we all have different perceptions of the world and that we will not react the same way to the same things mentioned.

    Language 
    It may seem somewhat obvious to state that language is the key to effective cross cultural advertising. However, the fact that companies persistently fail to check linguistic implications of company or product names and slogans demonstrates that such issues are not being properly addressed. It is imperative therefore that language be examined carefully in any cross cultural advertising campaign.

    Communication Style

    Understanding the way in which other cultures communicate allows the advertising campaign to speak to the potential customer in a way they understand and appreciate. Generally communication should be straight forward and to the point. But when attempting to relate to different cultural markets each respond to a different style and understanding the style that is appropriate is vital in creating an effective marketing campaign for any business. Know whether each culture prefers direct or indirect communication, aggressive or passive calls to action, emotional or rational appeals, and a fast or slow pace of speech can help to establish connections with consumers, since we will be speaking to them in familiar ways.

    Image
    Images are also culturally sensitive. Whereas it is common to see pictures of women in bikinis on advertising posters on the streets of London, such images would cause outrage in the Middle East. The bottom line is that to create ads that appeal to different cultures, remember to be aware of the principles and traditions observed in each culture. The best way to accomplish this is identify your target market’s needs, wants and desires. Analyzing all of the images in an ad for cultural acceptance and understanding that different colors and settings evoke different emotions in different cultures.


    ]]>     2021-08-25 09:46:06 UTC https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1695759139     celestineokompor https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1698084062 Culture shape organization base on the culture adopted. For example An organization that doesn't adopt the practice of diverse cultures does not succeed well in the global business level. The lack of people from different religions, different languages, and other diverse beliefs makes it difficult for the organization to conduct business with clients coming from a specific religion or language  due to the absence of employees from diverse cultures. 
    The people at the international level may have different cultures that may be difficult to understand if a company lacks diversity in culture. 

    The Structure of Earnings Inequality in the United States and Japan. For example, American manufactur­ing employees' earnings are shaped heavily by job characteristics, positions in the authority hierarchy, and (for workers) union repre­sentation. The earnings of Japanese employees are conditioned more by "life-cycle "variables such as age and by the organizational structures and processes associated with firm internal labor markets-seniority, promotions, and internal training.]]>     2021-08-26 08:08:05 UTC https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1698084062     celestineokompor https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1698101263 The rewards system use by organization such as  wages,  salaries,  bonuses, commission. They can be a significant influence of culture. For example an organization where employees are usually paid using commission or performance. In the United States, specific patterns of incentives vary due to enterprise structure and industry characteristics. In Japan, most incentive mechanisms are based on the qualifications of employees and the length of service. Japanese staff emphasize awards for team achievement rather than individual awards. ]]> 2021-08-26 08:22:24 UTC https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1698101263 qioyuohano https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1698123111 At the beginning of the company’s establishment, it is inevitable to conduct cross-border trade. At this time, different religious beliefs and cultural differences will cause difficulties for the establishment of the company. For example, McDonald’s in India, because of the low local wages, The local price is very cheap. Secondly, because of the popularity of vegetarianism in India, all foods must be marked whether they are vegetarian or not, and even beverages need to be marked. This also causes all McDonald's products in India to have corresponding labels. Secondly, Because of religious beliefs, all foods involving beef and pork are absent. For example, the Big Mac has been replaced with a large chicken burger, and a vegetarian burger has been specially introduced in India, and the seasoning sauce of the burger will be converted into the curry. All are affected by differences in religious beliefs and cultural customs, so you need to consider the beliefs and culture of your country when you start a business, because if you make mistakes in these fields, you will not be tolerated by people in your country, so multinational companies We must pay attention to these factors at the beginning of entrepreneurship and make various plans and arrangements, so as to effectively carry out entrepreneurship.]]> 2021-08-26 08:39:24 UTC https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1698123111 qioyuohano https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1698124299 Because of different cultural systems, different countries have different labor and personnel policies. For example, when recruiting, Western countries like to determine the salary of employees based on the nature and ability of their work, while in China, Chinese companies often value the interpersonal communication of employees. Relationships, work experience, and academic qualifications. Compared with other countries, companies hope that employees can work in different companies. Some companies in China do not want employees to change jobs. They often restrict the brain drain under certain conditions. It will cause problems for the company’s operations. For example, the company’s multinational business has different cultures in the host country and its own country, and the two cultures will have an impact on the company. Compared with smaller companies, these impacts are often Fatal, for example, differences in labor and personnel policies often make it impossible for companies to quickly recruit some professional talents in multinational businesses, resulting in business failure or slow business progress.]]> 2021-08-26 08:40:18 UTC https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1698124299 Examples of communication style in advertising inbatharashinianbarasan16 https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1698125234 An explicit communicator (e.g. USA) assumes the listener is unaware of background information or related issues to the topic of discussion and therefore provides it themselves.

    Implicit communicators     (e.g. Japan) assume the listener is well informed on the subject and minimises information relayed on the premise that the listener will understand from implication.
    ]]>     2021-08-26 08:41:09 UTC https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1698125234     vkirthanadevi27 https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1698714858 MEETING
    People are different and meetings with multicultural employees and/or clients require a unique approach. Different countries flow different concepts. This makes having cross-cultural meetings difficult but could also give us a broader perspective of the company or situation.
    Cultural differences in how they manage time
    Although time is the same everywhere, it is not viewed in the same way everywhere. Consider holding a meeting with someone who is multitasking between phone calls and allowing individuals to enter and exit the room. Would we consider this a "waste of time"? Of course, some countries will think that as a waste of time but some countries will accept that way. There are 2 ways to describe that, which are the monochronic way and the polychronic way. Monochronic: People in this society are acutely aware of the passage of time. In English-speaking countries and Northern European countries, terms like "wasting time" and "losing time" are common. There is a strong sense of time, and arriving late for an appointment or meeting is considered impolite and disrespectful. Everyone's time is valuable, and it should be used wisely. People in a monochronic culture focus on one thing at a time, plan carefully and are concerned with completing tasks in a systematic way. But in polychronic cultures have quite various views on time. They multitask and feel that time is flexible and uncontrollable. The agenda of a meeting won't always be followed at a company where this culture is strong. Instead, attendees are expected to multitask during the meeting, leave early, or answer phone calls.
    Cultural differences in communication
    It's not about reading between the lines, which would be inefficient, but communication should be plain. Because monochronic cultures aim to be as efficient as possible, unnecessary pre-meeting chit-chat and indirect communication are not tolerated. Direct communication is simple and honest; you can say exactly what you intend. On the other hand, in many nations around the world where a polychronic culture dominates, communication is cautious and concerned with maintaining one's face. They wish to safeguard another's regard and honor.]]>     2021-08-26 15:34:26 UTC https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1698714858     Example of culture impact in meeting. vkirthanadevi27 https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1699971956 Cultural differences in how they manage time
    In Japan, the Japanese are very serious in their meeting . They do not like to waste their time.It is necessary to follow to a meeting's agenda and time constraints. If a meeting runs late, it reflects poorly on the attendees. They appear inefficient and confusing in communication, or they did not prepare enough to end the meeting on time. As a result, it is critical to terminate the meeting on time in order to avoid "losing face" and preserve your dignity.
    But for polychronic countries such as Latin America, Southern Europe, and the Middle East, has a very different take on time. They would not stick with the agenda, they will do multitasking while attending a meeting. They also did not stick on a time, they prefer flexible timing.
    Cultural differences in communication
    In the Netherlands, the culture is down to earth and direct. They tend to have direct communication and straight the agenda. They feel inefficient if a meeting took long for chit-chat and also indirect communication. For them, Direct communication is honest and straightforward.
    In Japan, the Japanese tend to have chit-chat before the meeting. This shows that they can get the other well before they agree to an agreement. Even though they have an agenda and they stick to it, but they are very comfortable using indirect communication.
    In Brazil, the Brazilian prefer chit-chat more than a meeting . They have met without an agenda. Because they prefer direct communication, which without any delaying they will straight to the point.

    ]]>     2021-08-27 03:21:10 UTC https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1699971956     MARKETING inbatharashinianbarasan16 https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1699990875 Marketing is the process of getting potential clients or customers interested in your products and services. The keyword in this definition is "process". Marketing involves researching, promoting, selling, and distributing your products or services. This discipline centers on the study of market and consumer behaviors and it analyzes the commercial management of companies in order to attract, acquire, and retain customers by satisfying their wants and needs and instilling brand loyalty. Today, marketing is something that every company and organization must implement in its growth strategy. Many companies use marketing techniques to achieve their goals without even realizing it, as they work to promote themselves and increase sales of their product or service. These days, marketing is one of the key aspects of business. People often do not know exactly what marketing is and, when asked, they define it as selling or advertising. While these answers are not wrong, they are only a part of marketing. There are many other aspects to marketing like product distribution, promotion, designing and creating materials like landing pages and social media content, improving customer experience, doing market research, establishing market segments, and much more. Marketing is very broad and encompasses all the strategies that help a company, brand, or individual achieve their objectives.

    Language
    Languages are some of the major cultural differences in marketing that companies ought to understand before they market their products and services in a foreign country. Previously, grave mistakes have occurred during translation, which has led to devastating effects. One of the most memorable embarrassing mistakes in international marketing happened when General Motors was marketing its cars by the brand name ‘Nova,’ which in South American local languages, translated to, ‘it won’t go.’ These mistakes obviously don’t help the company to sell its products. Therefore, companies need to pay attention to language and translations to avoid business failure.

    Purchasing Power/Pricing
    In as much as pricing strategies appears to be economic factors, they are important cultural differences in marketing. It is common knowledge that some cultures have a higher purchasing power than others. For example, people in the United States have a higher purchasing power than those in Africa. This plays a significant role in how you should price your products and services. In addition, it should be taken into consideration that some people have high purchasing power, but tend to hold money rather than spend. Therefore, you have to come up with a strategic marketing plan that will make people exercise their high purchasing capability.

    Consumption Habits
    As a marketer, you are already aware that personalities and cultures combine to shape the consumption behavior of individuals in a particular country or region. Before marketing your products, you need to determine whether individuals in a specific country make individualistic or collective buying decisions. This will help you to formulate a marketing approach that appeals to personality or a strategy that pulls the entire society. You’re also required to understand the psychological and societal factors influencing buying decisions.

    Age/Demographics
    Just like in domestic marketing, age and other demographics significantly contribute to cultural differences in marketing. For example, in developing countries, literacy levels among senior citizens, especially those above 60 years is very low. Therefore, you may decide to target your marketing message not directly at this demographic group, especially when selling digital devices. Moreover, you’ve to understand the dominant demographic groups in a country before you can modify your marketing messages. This will help your country to appeal and communicate to the majority rather than the minority.

    Taste and Preferences
    Eating habits are further important cultural differences in marketing that multinational companies need to understand. For a food selling company, it is essential to understand the eating habits of a particular region before marketing its menu. For instance, McDonald’s and other fast-food companies had to start offering vegetable products in India rather than meat products. Likewise, these companies have started to increasingly cater to international tastes, like rice dishes for the Asian market.

    Religion
    Religious beliefs are important cultural differences in marketing that should be considered when selling in foreign markets. They influence how a particular society perceives various products and services. Organizations have to understand the impact of religion and its role in society. For example, in Muslim countries, marketing secular women outfits might be off as the religion in these countries requires women to dress in a modest way, which is highly regulated. Besides, some marketing messages have been at loggerheads with religious groupings after their messages were deemed to be offensive towards a particular religion. Religion is a very critical aspect that companies need to understand before they can start marketing their products at the international stage.










    ]]>     2021-08-27 03:28:47 UTC https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1699990875     Examples of Language in Marketing inbatharashinianbarasan16 https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1700130811 Mandarin is China's official tongue, is also the top language worldwide for marketing and also for other businesses platforms.

    For Malaysia has two official languages which is
    Malay and English. This are the two languages that Malaysia will use for marketing and for the others businesses platforms.]]>     2021-08-27 04:38:59 UTC https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1700130811     Culture and regulation are two different things for companies？ quantingyang https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1702501426 The essence of culture and institutions in an enterprise is to influence people's behavior and expectations of behavior.
    People can get a "sense of achievement" from culture-influenced behaviors. The sense of accomplishment comes from dignity.
    The matching of culture and system is consistent, both at a low level, or both at a high level, on the contrary, it is a safe zone of development. When culture is high and institutions are low, efficiency will be affected. When culture is low and institutions are high, the impact lasts. These are the danger zones. When both are low, it belongs to the early stage of entrepreneurship, which is inherently unstable and the team also has unstable expectations. At this stage, the focus will not be on culture or system.It's business, so it's a relatively safe quadrant for institutions and culture.
    Therefore, both culture and system are rational propositions for enterprises, although the concept of "culture" sometimes seems more emotional. Regardless of the difference between the two, as far as system and culture are concerned, system is the growth dividend, and enterprise culture is also the growth dividend. Only by putting forward corresponding targets can we have the direction of growth. The system can be "standardized" and "refined".
    Look at our existing culture (descriptive things) and systems in terms of industry discipline, customer value, and employee growth. When I have to resolve a customer complaint, it's called a system. When I am happy and feel a sense of accomplishment after solving a customer's complaint, this is culture.
    The company has Mature and Sophisticated culture. The former system management, to elaborate high order, the corresponding is efficient profit. The latter corresponds to culture, accumulation, and persistence.]]>     2021-08-29 08:53:54 UTC https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1702501426     How do cultural differences affect international business? quantingyang https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1702538790 1. Religious beliefs
    (1) Religious festivals
    Some shops are not allowed to open on Sunday, the Christian Sunday in European and American countries. In Muslim countries, there is a daytime fast during Ramadan, so you can't negotiate business during Ramadan. And the run-up to religious holidays is often a good time for sales.
    (2) Religious requirements and taboos
    Hindus do not eat beef, Muslims are forbidden to eat pork and alcoholic beverages, and Jews are forbidden to eat pork and shellfish.
    (3) Religious organizations
    In areas with strong religious forces, religious people themselves are large group consumers, so international marketing should try to win the support of religious institutions, at least if their marketing activities will not be opposed by local churches.
    (4) Others
    Religious sects and women's social status also affect the development of international marketing.

    2. The aesthetic
    Preference for product quality and choice of color affect international trade. For example, Egyptians like green and taboo blue, think blue symbolizes evil. Japanese people pay more attention to the quality of products rather than the price, and are less sensitive to the price.

    3. Material production culture
    (1) Energy supply, such as electricity and water power. Voltage, power shortage of the market, battery demand may be greater. Sales of electrical appliances will face difficulties.
    (2) Transportation infrastructure, such as railways and highways. Affect the transportation and distribution of logistics.
    (3) The accessibility and popularity of media. Countries with underdeveloped networks should not adopt online promotion.

    4. Customs
    For example, China and English-speaking countries have different customs and habits, and they have different local conditions and customs in traditional lifestyles, hobbies, taboos and other aspects.
    In the reception, Chinese people are more hospitable, pay great attention to face, specification, grade, taste, quantity, all should be considerate; British and American people pay more attention to politeness, decent and effective, and give guests a certain freedom of space. People in English speaking countries treat, the meal is generally simpler than In China, the habit is that each person, in the restaurant treat is also the host and guest each point their own meal, after the meal may also pay each bill. The method of splitting food and going Dutch is a typical reflection of individual exclusivity in western food culture, while Chinese people share it.]]>     2021-08-29 09:52:42 UTC https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1702538790     quantingyang https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1702541040 Benefits include anything done for the employee's comfort and advancement and are provided in addition to salary. Benefits help maintain employee morale and motivation, which in turn keeps employees longer. Welfare measures need not be monetary only, but of any kind/form. Employee benefits include monitoring working conditions and creating industrial harmony through health infrastructure, industrial relations and sickness, accident and unemployment insurance for workers and their families.
    Labour benefits are all activities of an employer aimed at providing employees with certain facilities and services other than wages or salaries.
    In daily life, employees not only pay attention to work benefits, but also pay more and more attention to various welfare requirements. The following are the types of employee welfare: catering welfare, clothing allowance, housing welfare, transportation welfare, paid vacation, holiday welfare, birthday welfare, employee event welfare and health check-up.
    What kind of welfare system each country adopts is influenced by many factors such as historical tradition, political power contrast and external system demonstration in the process of establishing the welfare system.]]>     2021-08-29 09:54:44 UTC https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1702541040     Typical of Nordic high welfare states quantingyang https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1702545127 Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Iceland. These countries are typical of Nordic high welfare states.
    Their per capita incomes are among the highest in the world, their politics are stable and their governments are efficient and clean. Social security is generally very good, the crime rate is low.
    These countries are characterized by high taxes and welfare benefits. Education, health care, old age and housing are all covered by the state, but a large proportion of national income is also paid in taxes.
    The Swiss
    The average annual salary in Switzerland is 54,940 euros. Despite the high level of water consumption, Switzerland has one of the lowest unemployment rates in Europe and wages are typically calculated at 14 months of the year. The average workweek is 31 hours. The main developments are tourism, watches and watches, textiles, banking and insurance.
    The Norwegian
    Workers in Norway are entitled to 26 days off a year. For workers over 60, the working week cannot exceed 40 hours. In Norway, the average work week is 27.4 hours.
    The average salary in Norway is 5,000 euros per month, which translates to 46,891 euros per year. Norway also has one of the lowest unemployment rates in the world.
    Luxembourg
    Luxembourg is also a popular destination for Portuguese immigrants. Luxembourg, a founding member of the European Union, has one of the eu's lowest unemployment rates at 6.5 percent. Though. The level of consumption is high, but the level of wages is also quite high.
    The annual salary in Luxembourg is 56,806 euros. The average working week is 30 hours, and the country's main industries are banking, finance, civil construction, real estate, and transportation.
    The Danish
    Denmark is often overlooked as a country of high happiness, with a minimum salary of 14,000 kr per month equivalent to 10,200 RMB. In terms of per capita wages, it is almost the highest in the EU, equivalent to more than 3,800 euros per month. The minimum hourly wage is almost a quarter higher than in the UK; It has been ranked among the top 4 in the world in terms of per capita GDP for the last three years.
    Belgium
    Belgium's per capita monthly income is around 3500 Euros, and the average salary in the petrochemical industry is 54% higher than the average of the whole industry. The hotel industry pays the lowest wages. Ninety-five percent of Belgian workers also receive other fringe benefits. Three-quarters of employees will be paid 13 months a month. More than 40% of employees have company cars. Sixty-five percent of the population is covered by health insurance.]]>     2021-08-29 10:00:42 UTC https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1702545127     A country whose national income and welfare are among the highest in the world quantingyang https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1702548459 Australia, Canada, United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Netherlands, Belgium, Austria, New Zealand, Singapore, Ireland, Japan, Spain, Israel.These countries are all capitalist powers. National income and welfare levels are among the highest in the world.
    Political stability, political integrity, although not as good as Nordic countries, but better than other countries. Social welfare is also relatively uncomparable in other countries.
    These countries have much to admire when it comes to ensuring the welfare of employed workers.
    1. Working hours
    According to statistics, their average working time per week generally ranges from 27 to 36 hours. In 26 major European countries, the average working time is 32.5 hours, equivalent to working 6.5 hours per day, five days per week.
    To put that in perspective, germans work an average of 26 hours a week, or 5.2 hours a day.
    The French work 28 hours a week, 5.6 hours a day.
    The British work 32 hours a week, 6.4 hours a day.
    2. Day of rest
    The average European worker works 187 days a year and has 178 days off.
    3. Pay will only be increased
    In Germany, wage changes can only be decided in favour of workers, that is, pay increases, not cuts, even if the company goes bust.
    4. The government pays back wages first
    In Germany, once an enterprise arrears its employees' wages, the government pays them first. The government pays its employees what companies owe them.
    5. Separation allowance
    Couples who live apart because of work receive subsidies from the government.
    The labor Bureau pays for the transportation of employees to visit their families.
    If you do not want to separate, the labor Bureau will also pay the baggage handling fee when moving.
    6.Generous social security
    Workers who have paid compulsory insurance for at least 360 days in the three years prior to unemployment are eligible for unemployment benefits.
    68 per cent of final salary payable to dependent children after unemployment. If you don't have children, you can get 63% of your final salary.
    They can receive 68 percent or 63 percent of their original wages for 832 days after they lose their jobs. There are no taxes to be paid during this period.
    Those who have not worked for more than 832 days are not entitled to unemployment benefits, but can continue to receive basic security benefits, 53% of their original wages, with no time limit.]]>     2021-08-29 10:07:16 UTC https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1702548459     Ways to manage culture differences in workplace. vkirthanadevi27 https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1703501633 The cultural differences might be seen in collaboration communication, time perception, formality, or specific cultural calendars. Understanding, communicating, and interacting with people from other cultures is important especially in the workplace we have to learn how to manage cultural differences among colleagues. From this, we can learn a new culture, avoid consequences among colleagues. Here few ways to manage cultural differences in the workplace. The first is Teamwork. It is important to have an open mind towards the new culture, embrace teamwork activities and sharing of tasks rather than focus on individual differences. Next is awareness. Celebrating cultural diversity and making everyone aware of your coworkers' ideas, customs, and way of life is an excellent way to start building a healthy work environment. Last but not least, communication. The best method to practice good communication in a multi-cultural setting is to keep an open mind, be aware of cultural variations, practice active listening (getting acclimated to other accents), and be aware of your nonverbal communication as well as our voice tone. If we look after every culture, we can learn a lot of new and unique information, which makes our life more entertaining.]]> 2021-08-30 03:07:30 UTC https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1703501633 vkirthanadevi27 https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1703605100
  • (Knight, 2015)https://hbr.org/2015/12/how-to-run-a-meeting-of-people-from-different-cultures
  • (Salacuse, 2004) https://iveybusinessjournal.com/publication/negotiating-the-top-ten-ways-that-culture-can-affect-your-negotiation/
  • (WITTE, 2018) https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/the_subtle_way_cultural_bias_affects_job_interviews
  • (Bronola, 2018) https://medium.com/the-looking-glass/the-impact-of-cultural-diversity-in-the-workplace-930ceb44585f
  • (Williams, 2011)https://earthbound.report/2011/10/26/the-trouble-with-advertising-2/
  • (Claessens, 2019)https://marketing-insider.eu/cultural-differences-in-marketing/
  • (Unknown, 2021)https://www.commisceo-global.com/blog/culture-in-advertising
  • (Matousek, 2018)https://www.businessinsider.com/what-mcdonalds-is-like-around-the-world-2017-11
  • (Unknown, Get smarter, 2018) https://www.getsmarter.com/blog/career-advice/culture-import-export-trade/
  • (James R. Lincoln, 2008) https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=Cultural+Effects+on+Organizational+Structure%3A+The+Case+of+Japanese+Firms+in+the+United+States



    • ]]>     2021-08-30 03:50:22 UTC https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1703605100     vkirthanadevi27 https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1703608296
  • Kirthana Devi Vinayaga Murthy 203022187
  • Inbatharashini Anbarasan 203022188
  • Yang Quanting 192921223
  • Okompor Celestine Ewere, 193921464
  • Qi yuhan 192921200

    • ]]>     2021-08-30 03:52:04 UTC https://padlet.com/vkirthanadevi27/wheqcny2y6x7gee1/wish/1703608296