GST T280 Final Project by Lucy Helgren https://padlet.com/lucyhelgren/wfq95068pliy Boarding Schools in Rural Vietnam made to address physical and social barriers to accessing education en-us 2019-12-02 17:54:53 UTC 2024-05-26 19:27:16 UTC hello@padlet.com Education in Vietnam bvu15101 https://padlet.com/lucyhelgren/wfq95068pliy/wish/421653837 Education in Vietnam is overseen by the Ministry of Education and Training. Educational institutes are broken into public and private sectors. Public schools are free-tution of, but families are still responsible for other costs such as uniforms, textbooks, and supplies. Education is compulsory for all Vietnamese students until the 9th grade. Although due to multiple economic and cultural factors some students cannot afford to finish schools. ]]> 2019-12-09 15:34:35 UTC https://padlet.com/lucyhelgren/wfq95068pliy/wish/421653837 Brief Introduction bvu15101 https://padlet.com/lucyhelgren/wfq95068pliy/wish/421657663 In Vietnam, there is great disparity between urban and rural. The aim of our project to help bridge this gap by making education for children in rural more accessible and relevant.

Social Mobility
One of the issues related to poor education in rural Vietnam is that it does not allow these families to competitively climb the social ladder. Based on national data and surveys taken in 2016, the number of agricultural workers in rural Vietnam increased from 79% (2004 to 2008) rose to 83% (2010 to 2014). It also showed that only 8% of agricultural workers moved to service industry during each period with  just 1/5 of the children moved away from their parent’s occupations. This is contributed to the lack luster education system in these areas. ]]> 2019-12-09 15:39:51 UTC https://padlet.com/lucyhelgren/wfq95068pliy/wish/421657663 Vietnam Background bvu15101 https://padlet.com/lucyhelgren/wfq95068pliy/wish/421662011 Vietnam is a booming, middle-income country. Located in Southeast China, Vietnam borders China to the north, Laos, Cambodia, and Thailand to the West, and the South China Sea to the East.. It's economy is quickly expanding, with a nominal GDP of $262 billion in 2019, attracting investors from all over the world. Vietnam has a population of 97 million (2018), consisting of 54 recognized ethnic groups. While citizens in urban hubs such as Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi enjoys easy access to commerce, jobs, and education, those in the rural farm land of Vietnam are being left behind in an industrializing country.





]]> 2019-12-09 15:46:03 UTC https://padlet.com/lucyhelgren/wfq95068pliy/wish/421662011 bvu15101 https://padlet.com/lucyhelgren/wfq95068pliy/wish/421685133 2019-12-09 16:18:29 UTC https://padlet.com/lucyhelgren/wfq95068pliy/wish/421685133 Culture bvu15101 https://padlet.com/lucyhelgren/wfq95068pliy/wish/421689865 Using Hofstede’s Cultural Dimension to compare Vietnam and the USA, it shows that these two countries are very different culturally. They are opposite in all six dimensions. The one that shows the biggest difference is “Individualism” Vietnam is a very collectivist country. They priorities the need of the family, group and community over that of the individual. This is the opposite for the United States. What this means for our project is that we must consider culture when we enter Vietnam.


]]> 2019-12-09 16:25:10 UTC https://padlet.com/lucyhelgren/wfq95068pliy/wish/421689865 Overview of Education Disparities - Rural vs. Urban nika01919 https://padlet.com/lucyhelgren/wfq95068pliy/wish/421768052 There has been researches on limited education opportunities for Vietnamese ethnic minorities in rural areas. One study was done on three provinces Lao Cai Province in northern Vietnam, Nghe An in the north central region and Dak Nong in the central Highlands with 600 surveys (families) and 85 in-depth individual interviews. Those provinces and residents were selected particularly for their diversity of socio-economic development, poverty rate and willingness to join the study. The results indicate that rural residents acknowledge “education attainment is the most important factors” to foster social mobility. They believe education would play an important role in changing their social statuses in society. However, education opportunities, especially in rural provinces are not equally given to everyone. The residents say that the country and the education system should be blamed for the problem. ]]> 2019-12-09 18:19:30 UTC https://padlet.com/lucyhelgren/wfq95068pliy/wish/421768052 Analysis of Trends and Factors nika01919 https://padlet.com/lucyhelgren/wfq95068pliy/wish/422202612 Difference in Average Annual Income
Nationwide vs. Provinces (2017)
  • Provinces: $615 (VND14m), $802 (VND18.3m) and $950 (VND21.7m) 
  • Nationwide average: $2,385

Large Gap in Education Between the Poor and the Better-off
Kinh vs. Ethic minorities 
  • Highest level of college education of ethnic minority was 9% in 2004 and 3.1% in 2014
  • Kinh (accounts for 86% of the country’s population) 5.1% in 2004 and 11% in 2014
  • Kinh and Hoa (the majority groups) earn two times more than ethnic minority groups, and their children also accounts for a higher rate of occupation (2004-2014)




]]> 2019-12-10 15:15:56 UTC https://padlet.com/lucyhelgren/wfq95068pliy/wish/422202612 Transportation and Psychical Barriers for Access to Education krishnadrexel https://padlet.com/lucyhelgren/wfq95068pliy/wish/422365043 Low living standards and limited physical access to education institutions constrain schooling. In general, primary schools are available in communes. However, these students have to walk hours to attend secondary schools. 



]]> 2019-12-10 19:04:05 UTC https://padlet.com/lucyhelgren/wfq95068pliy/wish/422365043 Language Barrier bvu15101 https://padlet.com/lucyhelgren/wfq95068pliy/wish/422367659 The language of instruction is Vietnamese. Vietnamese is the primary or secondary language for the majority of the population, however in some remote mountain areas native languages are used as the primary way of communication. This creates problems for students in these areas because they are not fluent in Vietnamese.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SKIXO40ZCwU]]> 2019-12-10 19:07:50 UTC https://padlet.com/lucyhelgren/wfq95068pliy/wish/422367659 Current Event: Transportation Issues krishnadrexel https://padlet.com/lucyhelgren/wfq95068pliy/wish/422373292 Analyzation: What is highlighted in this source is that a bus caught on fire so the headmasters are now responsible for the safety of the transportation of students. What's concerning is that the headmasters became a responsible source for something that in many places is a government issue in regards to funding for safety and transportation. ]]> 2019-12-10 19:15:16 UTC https://padlet.com/lucyhelgren/wfq95068pliy/wish/422373292 Gender and Jobs lucyhelgren https://padlet.com/lucyhelgren/wfq95068pliy/wish/422390323 Women continue to be under-represented in politics and despite having one of the highest labor force participation rate of females over 15 (72.6% in 2011) women continue to earn less than men across economic sectors with a differential wage gap of around 80% to 87% of men (UN 2012). Additionally, men earn nearly 50% more than women in the informal sector despite no significant differences in working hours, education level and seniority (UN 2012). Plus, female jobs are also more insecure than those held by men, and women less frequently have professional premises for their activity, thus much higher proportion of women work outdoors in industries like farming (UN 2012). Migration, including internal, cross-border and overseas labour migration, is continuing to increase, making women vulnerable to labour exploitation, abuse and trafficking. ]]> 2019-12-10 19:37:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lucyhelgren/wfq95068pliy/wish/422390323 Current Event: Labor bvu15101 https://padlet.com/lucyhelgren/wfq95068pliy/wish/422391202 One of the biggest news stories out of Vietnam lately is the death of 39 Vietnamese national in Britain. These 31 men and 8 women died when they locked in a refrigerated truck container after a failed attempt to cross the border. This tragic event highlights the labor and education disparity between urban and rural Vietnam. The majority of victims are young adults (under 30),  hailing from rural villages. While urban cities in Vietnam, like Ho Chi Minh City, have turned into global tech hubs, young people from rural villages do not get the same opportunity. With lower education level, they cannot compete for jobs against counterparts who are fluent in English and have degrees from international universities. 

In the news article below, a Vietnamese national current stuck in limbo after attempting to sneak into Britain says how he and his family choose to take a $10,000 bank loan for him to risk the journey into Britain rather than enroll in vocational school. All of this is in the hope that he would make more money than he could’ve in Vietnam to support his family.]]> 2019-12-10 19:39:05 UTC https://padlet.com/lucyhelgren/wfq95068pliy/wish/422391202 Gender and Education lucyhelgren https://padlet.com/lucyhelgren/wfq95068pliy/wish/422391595 Although Vietnam has made strides in improving gender equality in recent years, Vietnamese women continue to face serious obstacles in their daily lives, including poverty, limited access to higher education and employment opportunities, as well as persistent discriminatory attitudes and behaviours. Access to education as demonstrated in the graph above from the Work Bank it is easier for women with a higher socioeconomic status, but women who are poor, live in rural areas, or a part of an ethnic minority face compounded challenges in achieving education. The lack of education later translates lesser economic opportunities. 






]]> 2019-12-10 19:39:38 UTC https://padlet.com/lucyhelgren/wfq95068pliy/wish/422391595 Solutions Necessary nika01919 https://padlet.com/lucyhelgren/wfq95068pliy/wish/422431541
  • Ethnic Disparities: Due to the fact ethnic minorities in Vietnam often do not complete their education due to cultural/linguistic challenges, our schools addresses these barriers by employing multiple local quality ethnic minority teachers who can provide a multilingual learning environment. This will help close the educational disparity between the majority and minority. 
  • Gender Disparity: This school would be co-ed, with separate safe lodging by gender. By decreasing some of the barriers that keep girls from attending school like (transportation, safety, high costs, and sexism) it would improve female graduation rates. Thus, increasing access to secondary or vocational education for women we can work on decreasing the gender wage gap and further empower women in Vietnam. 
  • Transportation: In order to combat transportation barriers children will only need to travel between school and home (via school bus type vehicle) twice a week on Monday's and Friday's. This decreases the danger children face traveling alone to school and overall travel time by having kids live at school for most of the week. Thus improving the education disparity between rural and urban communities.
    • ]]>     2019-12-10 20:36:16 UTC https://padlet.com/lucyhelgren/wfq95068pliy/wish/422431541     Sources nika01919 https://padlet.com/lucyhelgren/wfq95068pliy/wish/422446419
  • https://e.vnexpress.net/news/news/limited-education-opportunities-hinder-social-mobility-in-rural-vietnam-oxfam-3733249.html
  • http://www.un.org.vn/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1081%3Across-cutting-themes-gender&catid=116%3Awhat-we-do&lang=en 
  • http://datatopics.worldbank.org/gender/country/vietnam
  • https://www.justlanded.com/english/Vietnam/Vietnam-Guide/Education/Problems-with-the-education-system:
  • https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/f184/9547ec66604afd7af96aa267e1ff00016585.pdf
  • http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EDUCATION/Resources/278200-1121703274255/1439264-1153425508901/Education_Vietnam_Development.pdf
  • https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/ed5f/6e7da0a122c7de692acb95890103d90476a3.pdf
  • https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/1767Poverty%20and%20sustainable%20transport.pdf
  • https://wenr.wes.org/2017/11/education-in-vietnam 
  • https://tuoitrenews.vn/news/education/20180425/vietnamese-teachers-travel-in-mountains-to-bring-students-back-to-school/45265.html
  • http://digitalcollections.sit.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1422&context=isp_collection

    • ]]>     2019-12-10 21:06:34 UTC https://padlet.com/lucyhelgren/wfq95068pliy/wish/422446419     Rural Population (Lack of Access to Education) krishnadrexel https://padlet.com/lucyhelgren/wfq95068pliy/wish/423039882 Only five percent of Vietnamese people don’t attend school at all, and the figure is becoming lower for every upcoming generation. The literacy rate is over 90%, and the spatial and gender inequalities are decreasing. But Vietnam still hasn’t managed to eradicate them completely.

    In general, there are three kinds of noticeable inequalities: a disparity between north and south, one between cities and rural areas, and a smaller and decreasing difference between men and women. Some minorities have a significantly higher rate of illiteracy. Over 50% of the Hmong tribe, and about a quarter of the Khmer and Thai minorities, are not able to read and write.

    ]]>     2019-12-11 23:32:51 UTC https://padlet.com/lucyhelgren/wfq95068pliy/wish/423039882     Project Description lucyhelgren https://padlet.com/lucyhelgren/wfq95068pliy/wish/423045776
  • School in rural northern Vietnam operated via a public-private partnership that has the capacity to operate as both a day and boarding  school to students who cannot travel to school each day
  •  Offer compulsory schooling from grades 1-9 for local community with the addition of teacher training for students who wish to become teachers in the future 
  • This allows for teachers to be local with the same ethnic background as students to combat language and ethnic disparity
  • Boarding School: for students who live far away transportation will be provided on Monday and Friday, and students who live close by would be able to bike to school (unless they choose to stay at school)

    • ]]>     2019-12-11 23:57:48 UTC https://padlet.com/lucyhelgren/wfq95068pliy/wish/423045776     uxpinto https://padlet.com/lucyhelgren/wfq95068pliy/wish/1903694434 2021-11-20 17:11:36 UTC https://padlet.com/lucyhelgren/wfq95068pliy/wish/1903694434 test title uxpinto https://padlet.com/lucyhelgren/wfq95068pliy/wish/1903694594 test test test test]]> 2021-11-20 17:11:52 UTC https://padlet.com/lucyhelgren/wfq95068pliy/wish/1903694594 Tes title uxpinto https://padlet.com/lucyhelgren/wfq95068pliy/wish/1903695218 Test test test ]]> 2021-11-20 17:12:37 UTC https://padlet.com/lucyhelgren/wfq95068pliy/wish/1903695218 uxpinto https://padlet.com/lucyhelgren/wfq95068pliy/wish/1903695538 2021-11-20 17:13:04 UTC https://padlet.com/lucyhelgren/wfq95068pliy/wish/1903695538