Cloning means different process which produce an identical copy of a living being.

A clone is identical copy of a biological entity, they will have the same DNA, they will have the same genetic code which you got from your mother or father which means they will look the same as you. Your eye, hair and skin color will be same but some time it might not. Sometimes it can also happen that some genes in the clone are not expressed which means they are in your body but do not show, it can also be that they mutated or something happened in the process when the clone was being made. That brings us to genetic modification, genetic modification is to kind of edit your genes, to modify them. An Idea came in 1950 where Gregor Mendel figured out a way to edit genes but it got illegal because they were still not sure if the process was correct and it might also have side effects. Scientist cloned a sheep called Dolly in July 5, 1996; the clone lasted for 7 years. Other information was not recorded as there is no other information about Dolly the sheep.

 

There can be advantages and disadvantages of cloning. Some advantages of cloning are: 1 social advantage of cloning can be on endangered species. In this world there are a lot of endangered, to name a few, giant pandas, leopards, tigers and a lot more. We can clone the species which are endangered and count them as animals because at the end even a clone is a living being. Other one can be plants; plants give oxygen to us so why not clone them to get more oxygen, cloning will really help the farmers to survive, since they face a lot of financial problems and have to sell their animal to survive. If we clone the animals so they will save their money and will produce more safe and healthy food and the profit margin will increase. Let’s come o the disadvantages of cloning, one is over population. The number of people right now are 492.58 crores which is a lot, suppose everyone wants a clone what will happen to them. They ill face hundreds pf problems like food, money and more. Over population will impact the economy a lot. In these time cloning will be a really bad idea because a greater number of people will result in more people dying. It will also decrease in gene diversity, suppose someone is facing muscle problems and when you replicate it the clone will also face the same issue. A reason it is banned is because no one knows what is happening next, the clone can mutate or a new bring a new disease. 

2-     B

3-     D

4-     A

5-     B

6-     B

7-     C             

8-     A

9-     B

 

Criterion D

Space junk

 

Space junk, or space debris, is any piece of machinery or debris left by humans in space. It can refer to big objects such as dead satellites that have failed or been left in orbit at the end of their mission. It can also refer to smaller things, like bits of debris or paint flecks that have fallen off a rocket. Some human-made junk has been left on the Moon, too.

While there are about 2,000 active satellites orbiting Earth at the moment, there are also 3,000 dead ones littering space. What's more, there are around 34,000 pieces of space junk bigger than 10 centimetres in size and millions of smaller pieces that could nonetheless prove disastrous if they hit something else.

All space junk is the result of us launching objects from Earth, and it remains in orbit until it re-enters the atmosphere. Some objects in lower orbits of a few hundred kilometres can return quickly. They often re-enter the atmosphere after a few years and, for the most part, they'll burn up so they don't reach the ground.

 

Pros and cons of space travel

Pros

something good about space travel is that it increases our knowledge about outer space and our own planet. If we find a habitable world it might slow down global warming. The more we go into space the more likely we are going to be able to start something like the Stanford torus space station. Through the exploration of space, we have the potential of discovering new resources such as minerals that can have a major impact on improving quality of life on Earth 

Cons

Space junk is created by stuff we leave behind in space. Because there is no decomposition process in outer space, this stuff stays and floats around forever. Stuff may fall out of space and may not totally burn up in the atmosphere and can cause damage when it lands on Earth and the radioactive parts can also contaminate our planet. How can we be certain that the use of space travel will not be used in hostile intentions against other countries? May cause international tensions because one country may have the capacity to spy on another 

 

 

2-     B

3-     D

4-     A

5-     B

6-     B

7-     C             

8-     A

9-     B

criteria D
space junk
There are estimated to be over 128 million pieces of debris smaller than 1 cm as of January 2019. There are approximately 900,000 pieces from one to ten cm. The current count of large debris is 34,000.