Cronologia by Javiera Alarcón

1940s–1950s

javiera28alarcon — 2024-11-27 18:37:09 UTC

Early computers were large, expensive, and primarily used for mathematical calculations in universities and military facilities. Gradually, computers evolved to process text, marking their initial role as tools for language teachers.

1950s–1960s: Behavioristic CALL

javiera28alarcon — 2024-11-27 18:39:01 UTC

Under Skinner's behaviorist theories, computers provided repetitive lessons, acting as a teacher. They offered positive or negative feedback to students based on their answers, allowing learners to progress at their own pace.

1970s–1980s: Communicative CALL

javiera28alarcon — 2024-11-27 18:39:27 UTC

Language teaching with computers shifted to emphasize authentic communication. Programs accepted varied responses and encouraged students to create their own sentences. Computer games like Where in the World is Carmen San Diego? were developed to build analytical skills. The introduction of personal computers, especially Apple computers, revolutionized accessibility and allowed creative applications like writing, discussions, and presentations.

1990s: Integrative CALL

javiera28alarcon — 2024-11-27 18:40:11 UTC

The era of multimedia and the internet began. CD-ROMs enabled programs with text, images, sounds, and videos, while hyperlinks improved navigation. The early internet facilitated long-distance communication and access to resources, though technology was still slow. Hypermedia created more interactive and authentic learning environments.

Modern Era

javiera28alarcon — 2024-11-27 18:40:35 UTC

Advances like smartphones, tablets, and online tools (e.g., social media, video conferencing) continue to enhance language learning. However, the document emphasizes that technology must support established pedagogical principles and cannot replace human teachers.