https://padlet.com/freemanjud/wcwn4yqmudbboo6w This timeline focuses on Latinx history in the US from 1850-1930. Please place your items on the timeline and drag them to the proper place so that they are in chronological order from left to right. en-us 2021-01-31 20:03:54 UTC 2026-01-25 17:21:54 UTC hello@padlet.com jcorrell4 https://padlet.com/freemanjud/wcwn4yqmudbboo6w/wish/1159181955 In 1898 Spain ceded Puerto Rico to the United States as part of the post Spanish American war treaty and after a successful invasion of the Island by the US. Despite not officially becoming a US territory until 1917, the attempted Americanization of its people began almost immediately. Public schooling was taught almost entirely in English and Spanish became a special/optional course despite Spanish culture being ingrained in the Puerto Rican way of life. Americans pushed their ideals onto Puerto Rican citizens as a way of "civilizing" them.]]> 2021-02-03 15:14:13 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/wcwn4yqmudbboo6w/wish/1159181955 lgutlerner https://padlet.com/freemanjud/wcwn4yqmudbboo6w/wish/1159190544 The Platt Amendment established the terms in which the United States military would discontinue their occupation of Cuba in the Spanish American War that began in 1898. It was originally a treaty that the Cubans were pressured into making it an amendment in their constitution to ensure the United States would be the only ones with control over Cuba, not Spain. Cuba was no longer able to enter into any international treaties that would compromise their independence except for with the U.S.. They were required to lease some of their land to the U.S. for coal and mining purposed. They were also expected to maintain environmental upkeep so America could use their resources at their disposal. It granted Cuba their independence from Spain, but essentially made them dependent on the United States at the same time. ]]> 2021-02-03 15:15:34 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/wcwn4yqmudbboo6w/wish/1159190544 rchiem https://padlet.com/freemanjud/wcwn4yqmudbboo6w/wish/1159191121 James Buchanan, US Ambassador to Great Britain, signs the Ostend Manifesto, also known as the Ostend Circular, urging the purchase of Cuba for the United States. The US justified that due to national security, the US should claim Cuba from Spain's weak hands and enforce a war if they were not given Cuba. The US real intention however was to expand their slave trade.]]> 2021-02-03 15:15:40 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/wcwn4yqmudbboo6w/wish/1159191121 tjohnsonward https://padlet.com/freemanjud/wcwn4yqmudbboo6w/wish/1159199646 Isabel Gonzalez traveled to Ellis Island from Puerto Rico and was not allowed to enter the country. She sued, saying that she was American because the United States annexed Puerto Rico in 1899. The supreme court ruled that she was an American and could enter the US, but did not decide if she was a citizen. Because the court did not make a decision on her citizenship, the status of Puerto Ricans has been confusing since. Residents of Puerto Rico are citizens of the US, but they can not vote in elections and have no representation in the government. ]]> 2021-02-03 15:17:03 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/wcwn4yqmudbboo6w/wish/1159199646 amontrose https://padlet.com/freemanjud/wcwn4yqmudbboo6w/wish/1159201754 LULAC was formed after the Mexican-American War where Mexico lost one-third of its land and approximately 77,000 Mexicans became U.S. citizens. In Texas, discrimination against Mexicans was so high, defense groups had formed to protect themselves against prejudice. Eventually these groups came together to form LULAC. LULAC then fought for rights such as the integration of Mexican children into schools and having Mexicans serve as members of the jury in court rooms. LULAC is still fighting today, for rights not just for Mexicans, but for all Hispanic people in America. They hold seminars on anti-xenophobia, voter registration drives, citizenship awareness, and through the LULAC National Scholarship Fund have assisted 110,000 Hispanic college students. ]]> 2021-02-03 15:17:24 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/wcwn4yqmudbboo6w/wish/1159201754 achen332 https://padlet.com/freemanjud/wcwn4yqmudbboo6w/wish/1159204135 The Foreign Miners’ Tax was a legislative Act passed by the Californian government in 1850. It mandated that all foreign, non-American miners had to pay $20 per month for the right to mine within the state’s borders. However, this policy was almost solely enacted upon Latinx and Chinese miners, foreigners who faced the most prejudice in this era. Most miners of European descent did not need to pay the tax. This Act was the first of many to follow which allowed for outright discrimination against Latinx populations.]]> 2021-02-03 15:17:48 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/wcwn4yqmudbboo6w/wish/1159204135 sguarnotta https://padlet.com/freemanjud/wcwn4yqmudbboo6w/wish/1159204287 The Texas rangers were a law enforcement group which was founded in 1835. The rangers protected Texas and fought in battles while patrolling the frontier. After the Texas revolution, settlers came to Texas to settle, causing conflict with the native people. They violently pushed these people out with no remorse. The rangers tracked these people and attacked them for raiding settlements. They were known to execute the accused without trial and threaten the lives of Mexicans near the border. The Texas rangers burned their victims alive as well as lynched them for minor wrongs. ]]> 2021-02-03 15:17:49 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/wcwn4yqmudbboo6w/wish/1159204287 elu41 https://padlet.com/freemanjud/wcwn4yqmudbboo6w/wish/1159213027 In 1917, Congress passed the Immigration Act of 1917, which was also known as the Asiatic Barred Zone Act for how it prohibited immigration from countries adjacent to Asia, but not "owned" by the United States. Additionally, anyone over 16 would have to pass a literacy test in English or some other dialect (if one's language didn't appear on the test, they were considered illiterate). With this act, they could deny migrants entry on the basis of them being an "imbecile," an alcoholic, criminals, prostitutes, and people just poor, to name a few. This ended up also especially affecting Mexican migrants, who might not have passed the literacy test or could not pay the head tax (which was raised from 50 cents to $8 with this law). Eventually, Mexicans who were inadmissible as immigrants according to this act were able to the United States, but only as temporary laborers in fields or on railroads. ]]> 2021-02-03 15:19:17 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/wcwn4yqmudbboo6w/wish/1159213027 gpham21 https://padlet.com/freemanjud/wcwn4yqmudbboo6w/wish/1159216177 During the Jim Crow era, people of Mexican descent  were recognized as Caucasians but they still experience segregation and discrimination. To address this problem, Governor Coke Stevensonissued a Texas Legislature called the Caucasian Race Resolution  on May 6, 1943. It stated that “ all persons of the Caucasian Race” were entitled to the same privileges. However, there was very little enforcement of this resolution as activists, like Alonso Perales, spoke about their disappointment with this legislature that had little effort to help the Mexican community.

]]> 2021-02-03 15:19:47 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/wcwn4yqmudbboo6w/wish/1159216177 vcoreas1 https://padlet.com/freemanjud/wcwn4yqmudbboo6w/wish/1159216565 With the rise of a liberal reform party, the Spanish government passed a law that granted freedom to all slaves age 60+ and all slaves that belonged to Spain. The law was really only enforced in Puerto Rico, meaning Cuba's population of slaves was much higher. This was mainly caused by the dependency of slave labor for sugarcane production in the country.]]> 2021-02-03 15:19:51 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/wcwn4yqmudbboo6w/wish/1159216565 bgillespie8 https://padlet.com/freemanjud/wcwn4yqmudbboo6w/wish/1159227159 The Foraker act put into place a much clearer definition of Puerto Rico's relationship to the US. It became clear that Puerto Rico was a territory of the United States, but not a state. For the million people who lived there, one representative was given in Congress, and this representative did not get a vote. Similarly, the ctizens of Puerto Rico were not given the right to vote in US elections. This is important because it tied Puerto Rico to the US while silencing it's citizens.]]> 2021-02-03 15:21:35 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/wcwn4yqmudbboo6w/wish/1159227159 pmeadowsmuriel1 https://padlet.com/freemanjud/wcwn4yqmudbboo6w/wish/1159236608 After the unexpired term of the New Mexican senator Andrieus A. Jones, who died in 1928, Octaviano Ambrosio Larrazolo was elected. When he took his seat on December 7, 1928 he became the first Hispanic American to serve in the US Senate. He was born in Mexico and was a gifted orator, and fought for civil rights. He was also a former teacher and principal, so he was dedicated to equality in education for Spanish-speaking Americans especially. In 1910 he played a key role in inclusion efforts which recognized the Spanish language and allowed it to be used while conducting public business. He also fought for ensuring equal citizenship rights for hispanics which led to him taking a break from the Democratic party in 1911. In 1918 he was then elected as a Republican to the office of governor of New Mexico. Being the first Hispanic American to serve in the Senate he was able to pave the way for other Hispanic Americans, and was a role model for all the work he did in obtaining rights for Hispanic Americans. 

]]> 2021-02-03 15:23:05 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/wcwn4yqmudbboo6w/wish/1159236608 emarcoodajima https://padlet.com/freemanjud/wcwn4yqmudbboo6w/wish/1164426969 In 1917, President Woodrow Wilson signed the Jones-Shafroth Act (aka Jones Act of Puerto Rico), which provided a civil government for Puerto Rico. It more specifically established the Senate of Puerto Rico, established a bill of rights, as well as parallel the government of Puerto Rico to that of the United States. The Puerto Rican government split its powers among the executive, judicial, and legislative branches. This act also granted U.S. citizenship to anyone born in Puerto Rico.]]> 2021-02-04 15:52:14 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/wcwn4yqmudbboo6w/wish/1164426969 akrom https://padlet.com/freemanjud/wcwn4yqmudbboo6w/wish/1164442164 In 1912, New Mexico joins the Union and becomes the 47th state as a bilingual state. New Mexico had been a territory of the US since the end of the Mexican-American War. Section 10 of Article XII of the New Mexico Constitution prohibits the segregation of schools or deny admission to those of Spanish descent in public schools or educational institutions within the state. Public schools hired teachers fluent in Spanish to provide a quality education.]]> 2021-02-04 15:54:47 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/wcwn4yqmudbboo6w/wish/1164442164 rmook https://padlet.com/freemanjud/wcwn4yqmudbboo6w/wish/1164454809 A mass deportation of Mexicans and Mexican Americans from the U.S. during enacted by President Hoover. The amount of people deported during this could range from 400,000 to 2,000,000. Mexicans and Mexican Americans were blamed for the economic sate of the U.S. during the Great Depression.]]> 2021-02-04 15:56:49 UTC https://padlet.com/freemanjud/wcwn4yqmudbboo6w/wish/1164454809