https://padlet.com/mbutler41/wbmgdi7eqyum Courtship and mating behaviors of Jacks and Jennies en-us 2016-10-10 21:32:03 UTC 2023-03-25 03:33:06 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/icons/Send.png mbutler41 https://padlet.com/mbutler41/wbmgdi7eqyum/wish/129643907 2016-10-10 21:37:22 UTC https://padlet.com/mbutler41/wbmgdi7eqyum/wish/129643907 mbutler41 https://padlet.com/mbutler41/wbmgdi7eqyum/wish/129680411 2016-10-11 03:24:07 UTC https://padlet.com/mbutler41/wbmgdi7eqyum/wish/129680411 mbutler41 https://padlet.com/mbutler41/wbmgdi7eqyum/wish/129681373 In the article in Science Daily,Jacks are very challenging to manage when it comes to breeding. They are very well known for being slow breeders compared to the stallions. This is true for natural mating and semen collection using either jennies or mares. The donkeys natural sexual behavior is the biggest challenge for a mule stud. Jacks are mostly kept only for breeding, because jennies are considered disruptive and difficult to manage. ]]> 2016-10-11 03:33:12 UTC https://padlet.com/mbutler41/wbmgdi7eqyum/wish/129681373 mbutler41 https://padlet.com/mbutler41/wbmgdi7eqyum/wish/129682673 According to the article How to manage jacks to breed mares, by Canisso. The domestic Jacks are kept in free-range conditions show the characteristics of a territorial, non-harem breeder. Both Jennies and mares. Jacks don't display herding behaviors. They spend their time mostly in one area (His territory),  which always has shade, water and good grass. Although jennies are attracted to the jacks territory for food and water. The dominant jack marks his territory with fecal piles. ]]> 2016-10-11 03:45:34 UTC https://padlet.com/mbutler41/wbmgdi7eqyum/wish/129682673 mbutler41 https://padlet.com/mbutler41/wbmgdi7eqyum/wish/129683646 Sexual behavior of jennies varies from mares. Estrous jennies congregate into sexually active groups that display heterosexual behavior. Behaviors of estrus are not seen in mares include mouth clapping and ears back toward the neck. These characterstics are important in attracting and arousing sexual response of the jack. they are considered to be responsible for the relatively efficiency of crossbreeding jacks with mares. ]]> 2016-10-11 03:56:58 UTC https://padlet.com/mbutler41/wbmgdi7eqyum/wish/129683646 mbutler41 https://padlet.com/mbutler41/wbmgdi7eqyum/wish/129684399 In research study down by Canisso he states that In the presence of an estrous jenny, the jacks normally response involves loud vocalization, Flehmen response, and rolling in the soil that is often followed by mounting without erection. Mounting on average is made at least one time per mating. During natural mating, the pre-copulatory sequence is usually includes two phases. ]]> 2016-10-11 04:06:20 UTC https://padlet.com/mbutler41/wbmgdi7eqyum/wish/129684399 mbutler41 https://padlet.com/mbutler41/wbmgdi7eqyum/wish/129685518 According Dr. Sue M. McDonnell at University of Pennsylvania, school of Veterinary Medicine. Donkeys have long held the reputation of being slow and difficult to hand breed. Most are bred at pasture or in padlocks where they are allowed free interaction. with one or more jennies. By comparison to horse stallion, jacks typically take a long time to achieve erection only after mount when handled for breeding. They also tend to proceed wwith erection only after mounting without erection as it normal sequence for free-ranging jacks. The jacks also appears to need enough space and liberty to approach and retreat from the jennies as is done under free-ranging  conditions. For some approach and retreat from the jennies as is done under free-ranging conditions. For some jacks, erection is most often achieved when they are at distance from the jennies. Hand-breeding is also usually more efficient when the jenny is given enough space qnd liberty to 'dart and stop'. Bredding or semen collection can also be more efficient if two or more jennies are allowed to interact as a sexually active group.]]> 2016-10-11 04:22:07 UTC https://padlet.com/mbutler41/wbmgdi7eqyum/wish/129685518 mbutler41 https://padlet.com/mbutler41/wbmgdi7eqyum/wish/129685561 A research study done at University of Pennsylvania school of Veterinary of Medicine, Sue M, McDonnell. She states that mules are the result of crossing a donkey jack with a horse mare. Lodi Et al. compared field breeding with behavior of jacks pastured with jennies to that jacks pastured with mares. She found that jacks and mares continued to behave in a territorial matter. But still no herding or teasing the mares as a horse stallion would. The characteristic jack-type retreats resulted in threats and rebuffs from the mares. Jacks continued periodic vocalizations, which evoked little response from the mares. Mares rarely approached the jacks as they would a stallion, and didn't form a sexually active group. Actual copulation pattern and duration for jacks breeding mares are similar to those for jacks breeding jennies. poor fertility result were attributable to these behavioral differences. Traditional wisdom has been that young jacks raised with horses are more successful at breeding horse mares. This has been systematically demonstrated and remains an intriguing area of study.]]> 2016-10-11 04:22:33 UTC https://padlet.com/mbutler41/wbmgdi7eqyum/wish/129685561 mbutler41 https://padlet.com/mbutler41/wbmgdi7eqyum/wish/129685665 Sue M. McDonnell, states that ovarian activity, pregnancy and parturition  appear to be much less seasonal in domestic and feral donkeys than in wild asses. The short-day anovulatory season in domestic jennies in approximately 165 days, with a high incidence of anovulatory estrus which is brief and frequent. The long dat ovulatory season is 200 days. The interovulatory interval is 24-25 days. The mean length of ovulatory estrus is about 6 days with ovulation within 1-2 days of estrus. Gestation length is 12 months.]]> 2016-10-11 04:23:51 UTC https://padlet.com/mbutler41/wbmgdi7eqyum/wish/129685665 mbutler41 https://padlet.com/mbutler41/wbmgdi7eqyum/wish/129686079 Sue M. McDonnell, states that jack sexual behavior include territorial boundary defense. investigation and covering of jennies excrement with urine and tending the sexually active group or individual estrous jennies. Ongoing attention is paid by the jack to jennies not in estrus. Other investigation and covering excrement. The sexually active group, the jack tends to spend most of his time in one small resting and grooming area. The jack seems to keep a distance from his resting area by rebuffing them with threatening postures if they get too close.  Pre-copulatory behavior includes, naso-naso contact; nibbling or sniffing of the head, neck, back of the knee, body, flank, perineum and tail. olfactory investigation of voided urine or feces and Flehmen.]]> 2016-10-11 04:29:03 UTC https://padlet.com/mbutler41/wbmgdi7eqyum/wish/129686079 mbutler41 https://padlet.com/mbutler41/wbmgdi7eqyum/wish/129935566 In the book principles & applications of domestic animal behavior, author  Edward O. price, states that advantages of social dominance for male sexual performance and reproductive success have been well documented. A dominant animal, as the mule are more successful with getting attention of the jennies. The effects of dominance on male sexual behaviors are more obvious in mixed age groups of males than when young males of similar age are used in breeding programs.]]> 2016-10-11 18:32:53 UTC https://padlet.com/mbutler41/wbmgdi7eqyum/wish/129935566 mbutler41 https://padlet.com/mbutler41/wbmgdi7eqyum/wish/129941268 According to Equine behavior by Paul McGreevy, states that jacks develop and erection only after mounting without an erection, and as a normal features of donkey sexual behavior this should be expected in managed mating. When selecting jacks for interspecies mating it is usual practice to separate them form other donkeys at weaning and rear them with at least one horse. Although requiring closer scientific scrutiny. This is said to have a profound effect on their later choice of partner to the exent that is common for a jack raised in this way to refuse to mate with a jenny.]]> 2016-10-11 18:46:51 UTC https://padlet.com/mbutler41/wbmgdi7eqyum/wish/129941268 mbutler41 https://padlet.com/mbutler41/wbmgdi7eqyum/wish/129946516 2016-10-11 19:01:44 UTC https://padlet.com/mbutler41/wbmgdi7eqyum/wish/129946516