Health science 3 by Dylan Morales

1. abdominal cavity

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divided into upper and lower portions. The upper of the two holds the stomach, small intestines, most of the large intestines, gallbladder, appendix, pancreas, and spleen; where as the ladder of the two the lower (pelvic cavity) contains the urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and the last of the large intestines.

2.abdominal regions

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The cross is a simple shape, likewise the 4 sections it divides the abdominal region into are too named simply EX. (left upper quadrant) you can assume the rest.

For the checker board it divides the abdominal region into nonants with the upper corners going by Hypochondriac (remember them as up is down and down is up), the mid edges are the left and right lumbar regions( REM. for they are in in line with the lumbar vertebra), last are the lower corners the Iliac regions (remember for their unique names). lastly remember the last central three for their relative positioning and medical terms involved (epi = above)

(Hypo = bellow) and they (surround the gastric = stomach)

and in the center in the umbilical for (umbilical cord).

3. anterior

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anterior is the front side of a thing (REM. N/A)

4. body cavities

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A cavity is an open within the human body that holds the bo organs

5. body planes

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Invisible glass pains that divide the body into upper lower, left right, and front back planes.

front back: Frontal/Coronal
Upper lower: Transverse
Left Right: Sagittal

6. buccal cavity

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A cavity that holds the mouth, teeth, and tongue

7. caudal

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means towards the feet when referencing the transvers plane.

8. cranial

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Meaning towards the head when referencing the transversal plane.

9. cranial cavity

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a cavity in the skull that holds the brain.

10. distal

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meaning further from when compared to another body part

11. dorsal

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meaning rear or the back of the body EX. ( spine to the heart)

12. dorsal cavity

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the group pertaining to the spinal and cranial cavities

13. frontal(coronal) plane

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the frontal plane divides the front and back of the body

14. inferior

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the medical term meaning bellow

15. medial

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medical term meaning middle and or center

16. lateral

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meaning away from the center

17. midsagittal (median) plane

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divides the body into left and right

18. nasal cavity

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for the nose structure

19. orbital cavity

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holds the eyes

20. pelvic cavity

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the lower (pelvic cavity) contains the urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and the last of the large intestines.

21. posterior

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the back of the `body plane

22. proximal

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the closer of two relative body parts to another body part

23. spinal cavity

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a cavity in the back that holds the spine

24. superior

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medical term for something that is above something else

25. thoracic cavity

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a cavity in the chest that holds the heart and lungs

26. transverse plane

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a plane that divides the body into upper and lower planes

27. ventral

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a group of cavities such as the abdominal, pelvic, and thorasic

28. ventral cavities

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a set of large, anterior body cavities that house major organs in the trunk of the body

1. Albino

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a genetic condition that prevents the production of melanin (identified by red eyes, white hair, and pale skin)

2. alopecia

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a permanent loss of hair on the scalp.

can be caused by genetics, autoimmune decease, or medications.

3. constrict

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meaning narrowing or tightening

REM. snake

4. crusts

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areas of dried puss and blood commonly referred to as scabs

5. cyanosis

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the change in skin completion to a bluish color typically caused by a lack of oxygen in the blood stream.

6. cyst

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closed pouch under the skins surface that holds semi solid materials.

7. dermis

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also, referred to as the corium (true skin) it contains hair follicles, connective tissues as well as sweet glans, nerves, blood vessels, and lymph vessels.

8. dilate

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meaning expanding or relaxing

9. epidermis

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the outer most layer of skin which is made up of 5 other layers being the Stratum corneum (outermost layer) and the Stratum Germinativum (innermost layer).

10. erythema

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a reddish color of the skin that is typically caused by either burns or congestion of blood in the vessels

11. integumentary system

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an organ that covers the body as a layer of protection

12. jaundice

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yellowing of the skin due to either bile in the blood or gallbladder of liver disease.

13. macules

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a flat discolored lesion that is less than 1 cm in diameter.

14. melanin

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is a protein that is produced in the epidermis and is responsible for the different pigments of skin. all people have the same amount of melanocytes (melanin producer) but they produce different amounts

15. pustules

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puss filled sacks like that of pimples or acne.

17. sebaceous glands

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an oil gland that prevents the skin from becoming dry and brittle.

18. subcutaneous fascia (hypodermis)

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the inner most layer of the dermis that connects the dermis to the underlying muscles tissue.

19. sudoriferous glands

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a glands who's purpose is to produce sweet.

20. ulcer

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A deep loss of skin surface that may cause bleeding and or scars.

21. vesicles

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blisters or fluid filed sacks such as those seen in chicken pox.

22. wheals

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irregularly shaped elevated itchy areas such as those seen with hives and bug bites.

1. abduction

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abduction is the moving of a body part away from the center mass of the body.

2. adduction

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moving of a body part towards the midline.

3. cardiac muscle

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the muscle that forms the walls of the heart and contracts to circulate blood

4. circumduction

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the circular rotation of a joint such as the shoulder or wrists.

5. contract

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the tightening of muscle tissue in order to produce movement.

6. contractibility

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muscles that are able to be stimulated by nerves so that they contract.

7. contracture

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a severe tightening of a flexor muscle that results in bending of a joint.

8. dorsiflexion

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Flexing of the foot muscle upwards towards the head.

9. elasticity

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ability for a muscle to return to its original position after flexing or stretching

10. excitability

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somethings ability to respond to stimulus such as nerve impulses.

11. extensibility

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the ability to be stretched.

12. extension

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the increasing of the angle between two bones or the straightening of a body part.

13. fascia

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a sheet like membrane that protects tissue

14. flexion

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the bending of a body part, or the decreasing of the able between two bones.

15. insertion

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where a muscle connects to a bone such as the top of the calve to the back of the knee.

16. involuntary

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muscle function without thought or control.

17. muscle tone

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a muscles readiness to act

18. muscular system

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a collection of all the muscles in the body.

19. origin

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the part of the muscle that connects to the bone but does not move when it is flexed.

20. plantar flexion

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bending of the foot away from the head.

21. pronation

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the natural inward rolling motion of the foot that occurs when you walk or run, allowing it to absorb shock and distribute body weight

22. rotation

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rotating of a joint such as the vertebra in the neck

23. skeletal muscle

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a muscle that attaches to the bone and causes motion.

24. supination

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he outward rolling motion of the foot during walking or running, where the weight is shifted towards the outer edge of the foot

25. tendons

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fibrous tissues that connect your muscles to your bones all over your body

26. visceral( smooth) muscle

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contract to cause movement in the body organs such as hair, eyes, and stomach.

27.voluntary

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the conscious movement of a muscle.

1.appendicular skeleton

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a group comprised with the bones that make up the limbs of the body as well as the pelvic girdles (bones that connect the limbs to the torso) this particular set of bones is comprised of 126 individual bones.

2. axial skeleton

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a group comprised of the bones that make up ones head, neck, back, and chest.

3. carpals

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The carpals are the eight small bones that make up the wrist. The carpals provide the wrist with both strength and flexibility, allowing for complex movements like rotation and vertical motion.

4. clavicles

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otherwise known as collarbones, though not specifically designed to break their lack of fortitude and their unique shape makes them fragile and act sort of as a shock absorbers in order to prevent more severe injuries to the neck or shoulders. Along with this the clavicles provide extra support to the upper body by distributing weight to the axial parts of the skeleton.

5. cranium

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the part of the skull that protects and surrounds the brain.

6. diaphysis

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this is the central long shaft that makes up longer bones such as the femur.

7. endosteum

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a thin layer of connective tissue that lines the inside of both the medullary cavity of longer bones and the inside of spongy bones. this helps with the repair and creation of bone tissue and resorption of the bone.

8. epiphysis

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the rounded end of long bones that is separated from the metaphysis by the physis.

9. femur

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the femur is the strongest as well as longest bone in the human body and is in the center of the thigh

10. fibula

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the Fibula is the thinner of the two lower extremity bones. It is lateral to the Tibia and is not a weight bearing bone. The main purpose of the Fibula is to work with the Tibia in order to add stability to the ankle joint.

11. fontanels

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otherwise known as the Soft Spot of a babies head it is a gap between the bones of the skull that is covered by a tough membranous tissue. The reason for the fontanels is so that a babies head can shift during child birth as well as to make room for the skull to grow with the brain. these "soft spots" typically close between the ages of 7 and 18 months of age.

12. foramina

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an opening in a bone or soft tissue that allows essential structures such as nerves and arteries to travel from one part of the body to another.

13. humerus

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This is a bone that forms the upper part of the arm and is also were 13 different muscles including the biceps attach. Also, is is crucial to the stability and movement of ones arm.

14. joints

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Joints are the parts of the skeletal system in which any 2 bones meat. The joints allow for movement and flexion.

15. ligaments

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these are fibrous bands of connective tissue that attach muscles to bones, bones to bones, and holds important structures in place.

16. medullary canal

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this is the cavity within bones that holds the marrow.

17. metacarpals

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the metacarpal bones are the 5 bones that are located within the palm of ones hands.

18. metatarsals

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The first bone that makes up the 5 bones in the mid foot .

19. os coxae

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These are irregularly shaped bones that form to make the pelvic girdle bone. Along with this, they act as protection for the pelvic organs as well as a connection point for limbs.

20. patella

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otherwise known as the knee cap this is a bone that's purpose is to support muscles and protect the knee joint form harm.

21. periosteum

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the periosteum is a membrane that contains the blood vessels and nerves that provide the nutrience and sensation for bones.

22. phalanges

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these are the bones that make up both the fingers and toes.

23. radius

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on e of the 2 bones that make up ones forearms and is on the thumb side of the arm. Furthermore, it help with movement and rotation the the wrist and forearm.

24. red marrow

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red marrow is the marrow within the bone that is responsible for the production of red blood cells and white blood cells.

25. ribs

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Ribs are curved, long bones that form the rib cage, protecting vital organs like the heart and lungs.

26. scapula

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one of the three bones that form the shoulder joint.

27. sinuses

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a cavity within an individuals skull and face that regulate temp, humidity, and helps resonate the voice.

28. skeletal system

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a system in the body that gives structure and stability to the body as well as protects internal organs.

29. sternum

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this is a bone that is placed at the central part of the chest and is connected to the first 7 ribs by cartilage. The purpose of the Sternum is to protect organs such as the heart and lungs.

30. sutures

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these are fibrous joints that connect the bones of the skull in order to allow room for growth during infancy which will later ossify into a solid bone structure.

31. tarsals

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a group of 5 bones that make up the heel area of the foot.

32. tibia

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this is the larger of the two lower leg bones this being the one that bears the weight of the body.

33. ulna

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The ulna is the longer of the two bones in your forearm. It helps with movement in the arm, wrist and hand.

34. vertabrae

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these are bones that stack up on top of each other in order to form the spine which allows for the rotation of the torso as well as bending.

35. yellow marrow

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yellow marrow serves as a kind of energy reserve with it possessing the ability to transform into red marrow if the need arises. along with that yellow marrow is comprised of mostly fatty tissue that holds an abundant supply of energy.

1. autonomic nervous system

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this is the part of the nervous system that is responsible for unconscious body processes such as breathing and circulation.

2. central nervous system

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this part of the nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cored and is responsible for everything your body does such as thoughts and movement.

3. cerebellum

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the cerebellum is a small part of the brain that holds more than half of the neurons in the brain and is responsible for coordination, balance, and posture.

4. cerebrospinal fluid

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cerebrospinal fluid or (CSF) is a clear liquid that cushions the brain and spinal cored. Along with this CSF also helps with circulation, keeping the brain in the center of the skull, and waste removal.

5. cerebrum

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the cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and is responsible for things we do in our day to day from thoughts to actions, and makes us who we are.

6. diencephalon

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part of the forebrain, containing the epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus, and ventral thalamus and the third ventricle. the diencephalon serves as a central hub for relaying sensory information, regulating basic bodily functions like appetite and sleep-wake cycles, and controlling the endocrine system through its connection with the pituitary gland

7. hypothalamus

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the hypothalamus is a part of the brain that makes up a part of the diencephalon and is responsible for regulating homeostasis in the body as well as apatite and wake and sleep cycles.

8. medulla oblongata

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this is the part of the brain that connects the spinal cored to the rest of the brain and is responsible for vital body processes such as heart beat, breathing, and blood pressure

9. meninges

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the meninges is made up of three membranes (dura, arachnoid, pia) that are responsible for protecting the brain and spine by acting as shock absorbers. The meninges also supports blood vessels.

10. midbrain

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The midbrain is a complex part of the brainstem located between the pons and the thalamus and is involved in motor control, as well as the auditory and visual pathways

11. nerves

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nerves are specialized cells that are formed by cluster of neurons. they are responsible for the transportation of information across the body giving us the sensation of touch, the ability to move, and other functions.

12. nervous system

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the nervous system is the command center of the body and includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerve which work together to allow the body to function.

13. neuron

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an electrically excitable cell that transmits information throughout the body using both electrical and chemical signals

14. parasympathetic

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is one of the 2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary bodily functions

15. peripheral nervous system

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The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is a network of nerves connecting the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord) to the rest of the body and includes both the voluntary and involuntary nervous systems.

16. pons

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the part of the brainstem that links the medulla oblongata and the thalamus by acting as a bridge between the two.

17. somatic nervous system

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the somatic nervous system is a subdivision of the peripheral nervous system which is every nerve in the body excluding the central nervous system. This system is in control of muscle movement and transfers information such as smell, sound, taste and touch to the brain.

18. spinal cord

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the spinal cored is a part of the central nervous system and connects to the peripheral nervous system in order transport signals for the brain to the rest of the body.

19. sympathetic

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this is a subdivision of the autonomic nervous system and is responsible for the flight or fight response seen in humans.

20. ventricles

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The ventricles of the brain are a chain of cavities filled with cerebrospinal fluid within the brain.

1.

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one of the 4 valves in the heart which allows blood stored up in the left ventricle to flow into ones aortic artery and the rest of the body

2. arrhythmias

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this is a heart condition in which the heart beats in an irregular pattern.

3. arteries

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muscular tubes that transport oxygen rich blood to the rest of the body

4. blood

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a cell in which vital recourses, for example, oxygen are stored so that they can be transported to different parts of the body such as organs and muscles.

5. capillaries

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these are the smallest form of blood vessels in which recourses are distributed to cells and waste is removed

6. circulatory system

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the circulatory system like many other systems in the body are a network of organs which work together in order to maintain the body. in this case it is the heart along with arteries and vessels which work together to transfer oxygen and nutrients to the cells in the body.

7. diastole

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this is the period of time in which the heart is not doing work (the pause in between pulses). the heart fills with blood during this time.

8. endocardium

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a thin smooth membrane that lines the inside of the heart, and forms the outer layer of the valves in the heart.

9. erythrocytes

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this is the red blood cell in humans that typically forms a disc shape which transport oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the tissues

10. hemoglobin

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hemoglobin is the protein found in the blood that is responsible for holding onto the oxygen and nutrients in the blood stream.

11. left atrium

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holds the oxygen rich blood that has returned from the lungs.

12. left ventricle

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the chamber inside the heart that holds the blood before it is sent out into the rest of the body

13. leukocytes

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this is a white blood cell that is responsible for dealing with and removing any foreign objects or diseases from the blood stream.

14. mitral valve

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the valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle.

15. myocardium

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this is the middle layer of the heart wall that is made up of muscles and tissues, and is responsible for pumping blood throughout the heart

16. pericardium

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the pericardium is a fluid filled sac that surrounds the heart as well as the base of the arteries that connect to the heart.

17. plasma

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this is the liquid component in the blood which is composed of 92% water with the rest be a mixture of solids, proteins, electrolytes, and immunoglobulins.

18. pulmonary valve

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this is the valve that leads the deoxygenated blood to the lungs to be reoxygenated.

19. right atrium

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holds the blood until ready to be moved onto the right ventricle.

20. right ventricle

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holds the blood until ready to be reoxygenated in the lungs

21.

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the septum of the heart is a wall that divides the two sides into left and right allowing for proper heart function.

22. systole

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the period of time in which the heart is actively working to move blood out and into the arteries.

23. thrombocytes

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these are cells whose purpose is to clump together to form blood clots

24. tricuspid valve

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the valve that holds blood within the right atrium until ready to be moved to the right ventricle

25. veins

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responsible for transporting deoxygenated blood from the body back into the heart for reoxygenation.

1. alveoli

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The alveoli are where the lungs and the blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide during the process of breathing in and breathing out.

2. bronchi

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this is the main passages that leads air into the lungs.

3. bronchioles

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these are little off shoots of the bronchi which attach to the avioli

4.cellular respiration

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this is the process in which cells convert glucose into ATP(fuel for the body) and heat.

5. cilia

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hair-like projections on eukaryotic cells that have two main functions: moving fluids and particles (motile cilia) or acting as sensory antennae (primary cilia).

6. epiglottis

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Your epiglottis is a small, leaf-shaped sheet of elastic cartilage that protects your larynx (voice box) and helps you swallow.

7. expiration

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the act or process of releasing air from the lungs through the nose or mouth

8. external respiration

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the process of gas exchange in the lungs, where oxygen is brought into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide is removed

9. insperation

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the process of taking air into the lungs

10. internal respiration

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the prosses of gas exchange between the lungs and the blood steam moving carbon dioxide from the blood to the lungs.

11. larynx

dm53417 — 2025-10-27 16:58:25 UTC

this is a muscular organ within the neck which holds the vocal cords and functions as a path for air to go through in order to get to the lungs.

12. lungs

dm53417 — 2025-10-27 17:02:29 UTC

these are elastic sacks filled with tubes with sacs at the end that allow for gas exchange between them and the blood stream so that the rest of the body can be provided with oxygen and find an outlet for the gas waste produced.

13. nasal cavities

dm53417 — 2025-10-27 17:04:15 UTC

two hollow spaces located within the nose that extend from the nostrils to the nasopharynx. its role is to humidify and warm the inspired air. Also, as the air passes through, the nasal cavity removes minute airborne particles and other debris before the air reaches the lower airways.

14. nasal septum

dm53417 — 2025-10-27 17:06:20 UTC

a thin bonny structure that separates the nose into left and right while also maintaining the stature and integrity of the nose.

15. nose

dm53417 — 2025-10-27 17:07:17 UTC

The nose warms, filters, and conditions air, allows oxygenation, contributes to speech, and gives you a sense of smell.

16. pharynx

dm53417 — 2025-10-27 17:10:21 UTC

a hollow, muscular tube inside the neck that starts behind the nose and opens into the larynx and esophagus. it allows for air to reach the lung and food and liquids to reach the esophagus.

17. pleura

dm53417 — 2025-10-27 17:11:12 UTC

Pleura is a thin membrane that lines your chest wall and cushions your lungs.

18. respiration

dm53417 — 2025-10-27 17:12:51 UTC

the process that goes on within the lungs in which gas exchange occurs.

19. respiratory system

dm53417 — 2025-10-27 17:13:58 UTC

the collection of organs that work together to maintain homeostasis by providing the body with oxygen as well as a way to expel CO2

20. sinuses

dm53417 — 2025-10-27 17:16:40 UTC

cavity within the bone of the skull that creates a humid environment which keeps the air one breaths in warm. also, produces mucus which traps pollen, dust, and other similar particles.

21. trachea

dm53417 — 2025-10-27 17:17:24 UTC

The trachea is the tube that connects your voice box with your bronchi in your lungs. It's a key part of the system that helps you breathe.

22. ventilation

dm53417 — 2025-10-27 17:18:04 UTC

Ventilation is the process of moving air into and out of the lungs

1. alimentary canal

dm53417 — 2025-11-05 17:52:18 UTC

this is the passage way in which food takes during digestion starting from mouth to anus. this includes the esophagus, stomach, and intestines.

2. anus

dm53417 — 2025-11-05 17:54:33 UTC

this is the opening at the end of the alimentary canal in which solid waste is expelled from the body

3. colon

dm53417 — 2025-11-05 18:00:22 UTC

the colon is the largest part of the large intestine which removes water, nurturance, and electrolytes from waste.

4. digestive system

dm53417 — 2025-11-05 18:02:23 UTC

this is a system within the body that is made up of the stomach, esophagus, and large and small intestines, and is responsible for waste disposal and collection of resources from the things we ingest.

5.duodenum

dm53417 — 2025-11-05 18:05:22 UTC

the duodenum is the first part of the small intestines whose primary purpose is to receive partially digested food from the stomach and extract nutrients from it.

6. esophagus

dm53417 — 2025-11-05 18:09:09 UTC

this is the part of the alimentary canal that connects the throat to the stomach in order to allow for the transfer of food and liquids between the two.

7. gall bladder

dm53417 — 2025-11-05 18:11:10 UTC

this is a small pear shaped organ that lies beneath the liver and excretes the bile produced by the liver into the intestines in order to help break down fats.

8. hard palate

dm53417 — 2025-11-05 18:13:10 UTC

this is a bony top section of the upper front mouth which is made up of the maxilla and palatine bones and helps to divide the nasal and oral cavity.

9. ileum

dm53417 — 2025-11-05 18:17:32 UTC

the Ileum is the third partn of the small intestine, between the jejunum and the cecum. The Ileum is considered the longest portion of the large intestine and is responsible for the absorbing as well as the reabsorption of vitamin B12 and bile salts.

10. jejunum

dm53417 — 2025-11-05 18:21:04 UTC

the jejunum is the middle section of the small intestine which is responsible for the digestion of carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids.

11. large intestine

dm53417 — 2025-11-05 18:23:37 UTC

this is the part of the digestive track in which food is turned into waste after the absorption of all of its vitamin, electrolyte, and nutrient content.

12. liver

dm53417 — 2025-11-05 18:24:56 UTC

the livers function is to filter toxins from the blood, produce bile for digestion, and metabolize nutrients.

13. mouth

dm53417 — 2025-11-05 18:26:18 UTC

this is the pre digestion part of the digestive system where food is broken down and softened before the true digestive process is started.

14. pancreas

dm53417 — 2025-11-05 18:28:03 UTC

this is a gland that is positioned behind the stomach whose purpose is to excrete digestive enzymes in order to help with digestion.

15. peristalsis

dm53417 — 2025-11-05 18:29:31 UTC

these are the muscles that move substances through hollow organs like the intestines and esophagus.

16. pharynx

dm53417 — 2025-11-05 18:30:48 UTC

hollow muscular tube inside the neck that connects the mouth to the larynx and esophagus.

17. rectum

dm53417 — 2025-11-05 18:32:15 UTC

the rectum the final part of the large intestine that stores feces between the anus and colon before it is finally released.

18. salivary glands

dm53417 — 2025-11-05 18:33:06 UTC

this gland produces saliva in the mouth which is used to help break down foods before the enter the stomach.

19. small intestine

dm53417 — 2025-11-05 18:34:20 UTC

this is a long hollow organ where most of the resources from the food we ingest is collected before it is turned into waste in the large intestine.

20. soft palate

dm53417 — 2025-11-05 18:35:59 UTC

this is a muscular part of the upper mouth which lifts up during swallowing and prevents food from entering the nasal cavity.

21. stomach

dm53417 — 2025-11-05 18:37:28 UTC

this is the primary organ of the digestive system and is responsible for breaking down food into a liquid for easier digestion.

22. teeth

dm53417 — 2025-11-05 18:38:42 UTC

these are bony structures within the mouth which grinned solids in order to help break them down into a mush for easier digestion.

23.tongue

dm53417 — 2025-11-05 18:39:58 UTC

this is a muscular organ within the mouth whose function is to help with swallowing and communication.

24. vermiform appendix

dm53417 — 2025-11-05 18:42:41 UTC

this is a small ruminant of a no longer present organ within the digestive system which is now mostly a health risk as it is commonly a victim of inflammation.

25. villi

dm53417 — 2025-11-05 18:43:54 UTC

tiny, finger-like projections that line the small intestine and significantly increase its surface area to absorb nutrients from food.

1.urinary bladder

dm53417 — 2025-11-11 17:49:41 UTC

a muscular organ that acts as a revisor for liquid waste. located in the lower abdomen and is connected to the kidneys

2.bowman's capsule

dm53417 — 2025-11-11 17:54:14 UTC

a cup shaped structure located within the kidneys and takes part in the process of filtering what goes in the blood and what goes in the urine. this structure works with the glomerulus inside the Nephron to accomplish these tasks

3. renal cortex

dm53417 — 2025-11-11 18:00:58 UTC

the renal cortex is one of the outer layer of the kidney which surround the nephrons.

4.glomerulus

dm53417 — 2025-11-11 18:05:48 UTC

glomerulus are a network of small blood vessels located within the bowman's capsule and filters out excess waste fluid from the blood so that it can then be made into urine and moved to the bladder through the ureters.

5.renal hilum

dm53417 — 2025-11-11 18:09:08 UTC

this is an opening located in the medial part of the kidney and its purpose is to allow other structures like blood vessels and arteries to enter and exit the organ.

6.kidney

dm53417 — 2025-11-11 18:11:03 UTC

this is a major organ within the body who is responsible foe regulating blood pressure, filtering the blood and producing liquid waste.

7.renal medulla

dm53417 — 2025-11-11 18:14:25 UTC

this is the inner layer of the kidney and is responsible for concentrating urine and balancing electrolytes and fluids.

8. renal nephrons

dm53417 — 2025-11-11 18:16:08 UTC

this is the overall structure that the Bowman's capsule and Glomerulus form and is responsible for filtering toxins out of the blood and creating urine.

9.renal pelvis

dm53417 — 2025-11-11 18:17:32 UTC

this is a funneled shaped part of the inner kidney that concentrates the urine before it is transported to the bladder.

10. renal pyramids

dm53417 — 2025-11-11 18:19:49 UTC

these are striated pyramid shaped parts of the kidney which are composed of collection tubules which help concentrate the urine.

11. renal artery

dm53417 — 2025-11-11 18:22:38 UTC

Renal (meaning kidney) arteries transport a large volume of oxygenated blood from the heart to the kidneys so that they can have excess fluids and toxins filtered out of the blood.

11.kidney stones

dm53417 — 2025-11-11 18:25:07 UTC

these are stones formed in the renal tubule and are formed from crystalized waste

12. creatinine

dm53417 — 2025-11-11 18:27:47 UTC

this is a waste product that gets excreted by the muscles metabolism and should be largely filtered out by the kidneys unless problems develop in the nephrons.

13.diabetes mellitus

dm53417 — 2025-11-11 18:30:56 UTC

this is a disease caused by prolonged high glucose levels in the blood and will result in the breaking down of tissues in the kidney making the filtration less effective and could cause cells and tissues that do not belong being found within the urine.

14. osmosis

dm53417 — 2025-11-11 18:32:25 UTC

this is the prosses of liquid slowly passing through a membrane that allows for some water transfer between its two sides.

15. ureters

dm53417 — 2025-11-11 18:33:01 UTC

two thin, muscular tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

16. urethra

dm53417 — 2025-11-11 18:33:42 UTC

a hollow tube that lets urine, a waste product, leave your body.

17. urinary (urethral) meatus

dm53417 — 2025-11-11 18:34:55 UTC

controls the flow of urine through the urethra

18. hematuria

dm53417 — 2025-11-11 18:35:55 UTC

a condition where blood is present within the urine

19. lithotripsy

dm53417 — 2025-11-11 18:36:58 UTC

a procedure that is used to break up kidney stones within the urinary tracked.

20. urea

dm53417 — 2025-11-11 18:37:31 UTC

a waste product of protein metabolism in the body that the kidneys filter into urine

21. uremia

dm53417 — 2025-11-11 18:38:11 UTC

a condition that occurs when the kidneys fail to properly filter waste products from the blood

22.homeostasis

dm53417 — 2025-11-11 18:38:55 UTC

how your body systems regulate and maintain themselves

23.major calyx, minor calyces

dm53417 — 2025-11-11 18:42:28 UTC

the minor organ involved with receiving urine from the renal pyramids

the major of the two collects from many of the minor organs so that it can then be collected in the renal pelvis.

24. kidney disease

dm53417 — 2025-11-11 18:43:29 UTC

a progressive disease i which the kidneys lose the ability to filter blood over time.

25. acute renal failure

dm53417 — 2025-11-11 18:44:51 UTC

this is a issue characterized by a sudden and drastic drop in kidney functionality.

26. end stage renal failure

dm53417 — 2025-11-11 18:46:24 UTC

this is the stage i which the kidneys have lost all or most of their functionality and will need to rely on outside factors like machines in order to maintain homeostasis

27. hemodialysis

dm53417 — 2025-11-11 18:47:25 UTC

a treatment method in which the individual is hooked up to a machine in order to maintain proper filtration of the blood.

28. incontinence

dm53417 — 2025-11-11 18:48:30 UTC

this is where an individual has lost the ability to hold in urine in the bladder.

29. urinary tract infection nocturia

dm53417 — 2025-11-11 18:49:01 UTC

the need to urinate frequently at night.

30. polyuria

dm53417 — 2025-11-11 18:49:44 UTC

this is a disease in which there is excessive urone production.

31. anuria

dm53417 — 2025-11-11 18:50:18 UTC

a condition where the body produces very little or no urine.

32. oliguria

dm53417 — 2025-11-11 18:50:51 UTC

a condition characterized by a low urine output, typically defined as less than 400 milliliters (mL) per day or less than 0.5 milliliters per kilogram of body weight per hour.

33. glycosuria

dm53417 — 2025-11-11 18:51:30 UTC

the presence of glucose in the urine, which occurs when the blood glucose level exceeds the kidneys' reabsorption capacity. It is most commonly caused by high blood sugar from diabetes

34. pyuria

dm53417 — 2025-11-11 18:51:58 UTC

the presence of white blood cells (pus) in the urine.

35.dysuria

dm53417 — 2025-11-11 18:52:27 UTC

Dysuria means pain or burning that occurs when you pee

1. amenoorrhea

dm53417 — 2025-11-13 17:43:03 UTC

the absence of lack of mensuration

2.bulbourethral gland

dm53417 — 2025-11-13 17:45:43 UTC

pea sized gland inferior to the prostate

3. cervix

dm53417 — 2025-11-13 17:47:28 UTC

valve like portion of the uterus that protrudes into the vagina

4.clitoris

dm53417 — 2025-11-13 17:48:46 UTC

small erectile structure that becomes engorged when aroused

5.corpus luteum

dm53417 — 2025-11-13 17:50:40 UTC

thick white band of nerves that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum to allow communication.

6. cryptorchidism

dm53417 — 2025-11-13 17:52:15 UTC

frailer of the testes to descend

7. dysmenorrhea

dm53417 — 2025-11-13 17:53:57 UTC

difficulty to mensurate

8. endometriosis

dm53417 — 2025-11-13 17:55:02 UTC

inflammation of the mucus membrane surrounding the uterus

9. endometrium

dm53417 — 2025-11-13 17:56:05 UTC

the mucous membrane surrounding the uterus

10. epididymis

dm53417 — 2025-11-13 17:58:05 UTC

the comma-shaped duct at the lateral and posterior part of the tastes where the sperm mature

11. eukaryotic cell

dm53417 — 2025-11-13 17:59:43 UTC

complex cells that are defined by a membrane-bound nucleus containing the genetic material and other membrane-bound organelles, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus

12. fimbria

dm53417 — 2025-11-13 18:01:35 UTC

the longest finger -like extremity of the fallopian tube extending from the infundibulum close to the ovary

13. follice stimulating hormone

dm53417 — 2025-11-13 18:04:22 UTC

the hormone that begins the process of the minstrel cycle that starts the development of primary follicles each month.

14. follicular

dm53417 — 2025-11-13 18:06:53 UTC

a mass of cells with a hollow center that holds oocytes before puberty and ovum after. ruptures during ovulation

15. gametes

dm53417 — 2025-11-13 18:07:39 UTC

general term for reproductive cells for both men and women

16. genitalia

dm53417 — 2025-11-13 18:09:29 UTC

general term for reproductive organs

17. gonad

dm53417 — 2025-11-13 18:10:48 UTC

special organs for reproduction testes for males and ovaries for females

18. gonadotropin-releasing hormone

dm53417 — 2025-11-13 18:12:59 UTC

released by hypothalamus and cause the secretion of FH and FSH from the pituitary gland

19. human chorionic gonadotropin

dm53417 — 2025-11-13 18:15:23 UTC

hormone released by fertilized eggs that stimulates the progesterone and estrogen to maintain the uterine lining

20. hydrocele

dm53417 — 2025-11-13 18:16:20 UTC

abnormal amount of fluid in the testis

21. labia majora

dm53417 — 2025-11-13 18:17:41 UTC

the two folds of skin that that form the boarder of the vulva

22. labia minora

dm53417 — 2025-11-13 18:18:48 UTC

two thin folds that lie between the labia majora.

23. luteal phase

dm53417 — 2025-11-13 18:20:40 UTC

the part of the menstrual cycle following ovulation that lasts about two weeks, ending when your period begins

24. luteinizing hormone

dm53417 — 2025-11-13 18:21:11 UTC

triggers ovulation

25. mammary glands

dm53417 — 2025-11-13 18:21:45 UTC

organs that produce milk

26. meiosis

dm53417 — 2025-11-13 18:22:51 UTC

form of cellular division that produces gametes

27. menses

dm53417 — 2025-11-13 18:23:42 UTC

the monthly flow of blood fluid from the uterus.

28. menstrual cycle

dm53417 — 2025-11-13 18:24:34 UTC

the female reproductive cycle over the cause of approximately 28 days

29. menstruation

dm53417 — 2025-11-13 18:25:23 UTC

he monthly shedding of the lining of the uterus

30. mesosalpinx

dm53417 — 2025-11-13 18:26:10 UTC

support band of the uterine tube

1.mitosis

dm53417 — 2025-11-14 17:38:37 UTC

the process of cell division

2. myometrium

dm53417 — 2025-11-14 17:40:19 UTC

muscle layer of the uterus

3. oocyte

dm53417 — 2025-11-14 17:41:01 UTC

the immature stage of the female sex egg

4. oogenesis

dm53417 — 2025-11-14 17:41:47 UTC

the process in which eggs are produced

5. ovarian cycle

dm53417 — 2025-11-14 17:43:48 UTC

the monthly mensuration and release of eggs from the ovary

6. ovary, ovaries

dm53417 — 2025-11-14 17:44:14 UTC

female gonads that contain eggs

7. ovulation

dm53417 — 2025-11-14 17:45:19 UTC

the periodic maturation and expulsion of eggs from the ovaries

8. perimetrium

dm53417 — 2025-11-14 17:46:27 UTC

the serous layer of the uterus

9. prepuce

dm53417 — 2025-11-14 17:47:56 UTC

the foreskin of the male genitalia.

10. primordial follicles

dm53417 — 2025-11-14 17:49:22 UTC

primary oocytes that are surrounded by granulosa cells that stay dormant until puberty

11. progesterone

dm53417 — 2025-11-14 17:50:59 UTC

this hormone maintains the build up of endometrium and decrease uterine contraction

12. proliferative

dm53417 — 2025-11-14 17:52:35 UTC

the time between menses and ovulation

13. pudendal cleft

dm53417 — 2025-11-14 17:54:30 UTC

opening between two haves of the labia Majora

14. semen

dm53417 — 2025-11-14 17:56:33 UTC

A sperm-containing thick secretion produced by men

15. seminal vesicles

dm53417 — 2025-11-14 17:57:17 UTC

highly coiled glands posterior to the bladder

16. seminiferous tubules

dm53417 — 2025-11-14 17:59:32 UTC

tubules located within the testis that contain sperm cells and sperm helper cells

17. sertoli cells

dm53417 — 2025-11-14 18:00:13 UTC

sperm helper cells

18. spermatids

dm53417 — 2025-11-14 18:01:42 UTC

cells that are the result of the division of secondary spermacytes

19. spermatocytes

dm53417 — 2025-11-14 18:04:04 UTC

cells from the spermatogonium that divide to from spermatides

20. spermatogonia

dm53417 — 2025-11-14 18:05:07 UTC

Large, unspecialized germ cells that form primary spermatocytes by mitosis.

21. spermatozoa

dm53417 — 2025-11-14 18:06:09 UTC

the plural form of spermatozoon, the mature male sex cell.

22. testicles

dm53417 — 2025-11-14 18:07:28 UTC

small egg shaped glands within the scrotum also known as testis, testes

23. testosterone

dm53417 — 2025-11-14 18:10:08 UTC

main male sex hormone that provides mass culine characteristics.

24. urethra

dm53417 — 2025-11-14 18:10:50 UTC

tube that connects the bladder to the outside of the body

25. uterine cycle

dm53417 — 2025-11-14 18:12:58 UTC

the monthly build up and decay of the uterine lining

26. uterus

dm53417 — 2025-11-14 18:13:58 UTC

thick walled, pear shaped structure which houses a developing embryo.

27. vagina

dm53417 — 2025-11-14 18:15:43 UTC

the female structure that serves as a birth canal and allows passage of mensural fluid

28. vaginitis

dm53417 — 2025-11-14 18:16:31 UTC

an inflammatory process involving the vagina

29. vas defrens

dm53417 — 2025-11-14 18:18:25 UTC

the 45-cm long tube that passes from the scrotum through the penis which sperm travels through

30. vulva

dm53417 — 2025-11-14 18:19:16 UTC

external female genitalia

31.zygote

dm53417 — 2025-11-14 18:19:53 UTC

fertilized egg possessing 46 chromosomes

1.adrenal cortex

dm53417 — 2025-11-17 17:47:34 UTC

the outer most layer of the adrenal gland which secretes three groups of hormones mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and some androgens.

2.adrenal medulla

dm53417 — 2025-11-17 17:52:01 UTC

inner most part of the adrenal gland. it produces and secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.

3. antidiuretic hormone

dm53417 — 2025-11-17 17:53:48 UTC

hormone that is made in the pituitary gland that stimulates the kidneys to move water into the blood stream.

4. endocrine

dm53417 — 2025-11-17 17:55:48 UTC

this is a network of glands that produce hormones which direct the other organs of the body.

5. epinephrine

dm53417 — 2025-11-17 17:57:18 UTC

hormone that is secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stimulation by the nerves of the sympathetic system.

6.homeostasis

dm53417 — 2025-11-17 17:58:04 UTC

the processes that the body goes through to maintain the internal environment of the body

7.hormone

dm53417 — 2025-11-17 17:58:59 UTC

chemical compounds produced by the glands of the body in order to send messages or stimulate an organ to do something.

8. hypercholesterolemia

dm53417 — 2025-11-17 18:00:05 UTC

High levels of cholesterol in the blood

9. hyperpituitarism

dm53417 — 2025-11-17 18:02:15 UTC

this is a condition where the pituitary gland overproduces hormones typically due to a tumor.

10. hypopituitarism

dm53417 — 2025-11-17 18:03:20 UTC

this is a condition characterized by an underproduction of hormones form the pituitary gland.

11. hypothalamus

dm53417 — 2025-11-17 18:05:20 UTC

endocrine gland located in the brain just below the thalamus.

12. melatonin

dm53417 — 2025-11-17 18:07:24 UTC

this is the hormone responsible for ones circadian rhythm which is the 24 hour wake-sleep cycle that most go through.

13. norepinephrine

dm53417 — 2025-11-17 18:08:47 UTC

this controls the flight or flight response.

14. oxytocin

dm53417 — 2025-11-17 18:11:27 UTC

hormone produced by the pituitary gland and is responsible for contractions of the Uterus during child birth as well as the movement of milk during breast feeding.

15. pancreas

dm53417 — 2025-11-17 18:13:19 UTC

produces digestive enzymes for breaking down food. also, produces glucagon, insulin, and somatostatin.

16. parathyroid gland

dm53417 — 2025-11-17 18:14:08 UTC

these secrete para thyroid hormones.

17. pineal gland

dm53417 — 2025-11-17 18:16:58 UTC

produces the hormone melitonin

18. pituitary gland

dm53417 — 2025-11-17 18:17:42 UTC

known as the master gland of the body.

19. pituitary

dm53417 — 2025-11-17 18:18:49 UTC

gland responsible for growth hormone production.

20. prolactin

dm53417 — 2025-11-17 18:19:39 UTC

stimulates the production of milk glands after puberty.

21. testes

dm53417 — 2025-11-17 18:21:01 UTC

small egg shaped glands in the scrotum responsible for the production of the male reproductive cells.

22.thymus

dm53417 — 2025-11-17 18:21:48 UTC

gland that helps fight infection and disease

23.thyroid

dm53417 — 2025-11-17 18:22:29 UTC

regulates metabolism through hormones.

1. antigen

dm53417 — 2025-11-20 18:35:28 UTC

cell surface markers that help the Immune System identify cells.

2.cytokines

dm53417 — 2025-11-20 18:36:57 UTC

chemical released by damaged cells which attracts leukocytes to the area

3.cytotoxic T cells

dm53417 — 2025-11-20 18:38:10 UTC

destroy all types of pathogens as well as body cells infected with viruses.

4. dendritic cells

dm53417 — 2025-11-20 18:39:21 UTC

one of the several antigen displaying cells that have an adaptive immunity

5. histamine

dm53417 — 2025-11-20 18:41:15 UTC

chemical that dilates blood vessels and increases blood flow to damaged body tissues.

6.interferon

dm53417 — 2025-11-20 18:44:12 UTC

chemical that is released by macrophages and tells surrounding body cells to produce an anti-viral solution.

7.interleukins

dm53417 — 2025-11-20 18:47:08 UTC

released by macrophages and stimulates B and T cells to lymphocytes and activates NK cells. produces the fever symptoms associated with infection and inflammation

8.leukocytes

dm53417 — 2025-11-20 18:47:49 UTC

white blood cells

9.lymph

dm53417 — 2025-11-20 18:50:14 UTC

the fluid that travels throughout the lymphatic system

10. lymphatic

dm53417 — 2025-11-21 18:20:13 UTC

body system that includes all the above body structures

11. lymphatic fluid

dm53417 — 2025-11-21 18:21:51 UTC

clear and colorless fluid in the lymphatic system

12. lymphatic vessels

dm53417 — 2025-11-21 18:22:44 UTC

caries lymph throughout the body and empties in the lymphatic ducts

13.lymph capillaries

dm53417 — 2025-11-21 18:23:57 UTC

small vessels in the lymphatic system which run parallel to the blood capillaries.

14. lymph nodes

dm53417 — 2025-11-21 18:25:01 UTC

kill invading microorganisms and cancerous cells in the lymph

15. macrophages

dm53417 — 2025-11-21 18:26:16 UTC

kill invading organisms and precent them to the immune system to develop immunity

16. myelogenous

dm53417 — 2025-11-21 18:27:43 UTC

relates to or pertains to the bone marrow

17. neutrophils

dm53417 — 2025-11-21 18:29:23 UTC

preforms non specific phagocytosis

18. pathogen

dm53417 — 2025-11-21 18:30:17 UTC

an invading microorganism that causes disease.

19. plasma cells

dm53417 — 2025-11-21 18:32:23 UTC

cell derived form a B lymphocyte that has been sensitized to a specific foreign antigen and produces antibodies.

20. T lymphocytes

dm53417 — 2025-11-21 18:33:08 UTC

white blood cells involved in adaptive immunity.

21.thoracic duct

dm53417 — 2025-11-21 18:34:31 UTC

the main lymph duct of the body

22. thymus

dm53417 — 2025-11-21 18:35:42 UTC

gland located in the chest which begins the process that produces T Lymphocytes.

23.tumor necrosis factor

dm53417 — 2025-11-21 18:36:42 UTC

destroys cancer and is produced by certain bacteria

24.tonsil

dm53417 — 2025-11-21 18:37:29 UTC

clumps of lymphoid tissue that is located in the pharinx

25.adenoid

dm53417 — 2025-11-21 18:38:47 UTC

tonsils located in the nasopharynx.

26.palatine tonsils

dm53417 — 2025-11-21 18:39:19 UTC

located at the back of the throat

27.lingual tonsils

dm53417 — 2025-11-21 18:40:24 UTC

located at the back of the tongue

28.spleen

dm53417 — 2025-11-21 18:41:58 UTC

a fist-sized organ located in the upper left abdomen, beneath the rib cage