Session 8 Biotech Tools Article or Video by Hannah Thorndyke https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g Directions: Research a Biotechnology Tools/Procedures: CRISPR, TALEN, Zinc Finger Nucleases, Meganucleases, Xenotransplantation, Column Chromatography, Gel Electrophoresis, Bacteriophage, Endonuclease. Exonucelease, Microinjection, Gene gun or another biotech tool you discover in your research. Click on the "Add Column" and add your name. Click on the "+" sign under your name to add a new section. Follow the example in the first column. When you finish, add stars to other peoples and add at least one comment to someone's. en-us 2021-05-13 13:15:48 UTC 2023-01-24 16:03:45 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f607.png Title of Article or Video hannahthorndyke1 https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1520889026 Demystifying SDS Page]]> 2021-05-13 13:17:02 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1520889026 Link to Article or Video hannahthorndyke1 https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1520889584 2021-05-13 13:17:11 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1520889584 Summary of Article or Video THAT INCLUDES FUNCTION OF THE TOOL. hannahthorndyke1 https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1520890171 This video describes why how SDS is used to coat proteins for protein electrophoresis that can be used to ensure purity or identity of the protein.  It does an excellent job of demonstrating the equipment that is used and acting out what occurs on the molecular level.]]> 2021-05-13 13:17:21 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1520890171 A picture I found that helps me remember key points of the video or article hannahthorndyke1 https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1520890868 2021-05-13 13:17:32 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1520890868 CRISPR https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1523155387 Gene editing tools.
Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats]]> 2021-05-14 00:48:02 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1523155387 Link to Video (CRISPR) https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1523195095 2021-05-14 01:02:36 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1523195095 Summary of Video (Includes function of CRISPR) https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1523196370 Scientists can now change an organism's features with genetic editing tools. CRISPR has worked as a bacterial immune system. It uses two components:
- Short repetitive DNA sequences (aka CRISPR's)
- Cas (CRISPR associated proteins): They cut DNA, like molecular scissors.

This was usually used to kill any viruses that tried to kill the bacteria. Now scientists use it not only to make Cas target viral DNA but almost any DNA.
By injecting Cas 9 bound to a short piece of RNA scientists can edit almost any gene, altering DNA and changing specific genes through homology directed repair which guides the rebuilding process, making it easier to insert a completely new gene or for the cells to repair a gene. 

ABILITY TO FIX ERRORS IN THE GENOME! (AKA AMAZING)]]> 2021-05-14 01:03:07 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1523196370 Picture with key components. https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1523225836 2021-05-14 01:14:09 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1523225836 Picture with key components. https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1523259477 (Cas 9 targeting a specific gene and killing it)]]> 2021-05-14 01:26:18 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1523259477 DNA gel electrophoresis lab demo jaylenay2696 https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1525771712 2021-05-14 18:23:12 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1525771712 link to video and has an article jaylenay2696 https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1525780593 2021-05-14 18:25:38 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1525780593 summary jaylenay2696 https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1525783507 This video describes how gel Electrophoresis is used and the principles to it and it also included the application of gel Electrophoresis. It tells us what tools are used during gel Electrophoresis. The function of gel Electrophoresis is to separate either DNA, RNA, and proteins. This tool separates them based on size and electric charge. ]]> 2021-05-14 18:26:26 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1525783507 jaylenay2696 https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1525809829 2021-05-14 18:33:28 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1525809829 Gel Electrophoresis marm3658 https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1526543839 Technique used to separate segments of DNA based on their size using electric current 

Targeting gene with a mutation

]]> 2021-05-15 01:15:54 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1526543839 The Deadliest Being on Planet Earth – The Bacteriophage https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1526550258 2021-05-15 01:22:43 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1526550258 Link to Video on Gel Electrophoresis marm3658 https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1526550509 2021-05-15 01:22:58 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1526550509 Video https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1526550565 2021-05-15 01:23:01 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1526550565 Summary of Video/Function https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1526551433 The video describes how phages work to kill bacteria. It also describes how we are trying to use phages in place of antibiotics to fight bacteria as a result of superbugs (stemming from our misuse of antibiotics).  
First, bacteriophages or phages attach to bacteria by attaching their tail fibers to receptors and using a syringe like structure to puncture the surface. It then squeezes its tail in and injects its genetic information. The bacteria is then forced to manufacture parts for new phages till its filled up with new phages. Lastly, it produces endolysin, which punctures holes into the bacteria. Eventually, the bacteria explodes and releases many new phages. ]]> 2021-05-15 01:23:58 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1526551433 Summary of Video on Gel Electrophoresis marm3658 https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1526552201 Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate DNA fragments or other macromolecules, such as RNA and proteins based on their size and charge. Electrophoresis involves running a current through gel containing the molecules of interest. Based on their size and charge, the molecules will travel through the gel in different directions or at different speeds, allowing them to be separated from one another. All DNA molecules have the same amount of charge per mass because of that, gel electrophoresis of DNA fragments separates them based on size only. Using electrophoresis, we can see how many different DNA fragments are present in a sample and how large they are relative to one another. We can also determine the absolute size of a piece of DNA by examining it next to a standard "yardstick" made up of DNA fragments of known sizes]]> 2021-05-15 01:24:46 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1526552201 Picture https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1526557676 2021-05-15 01:30:32 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1526557676 Gel Electrophoresis marm3658 https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1526563189 2021-05-15 01:36:16 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1526563189 What is transfection? yajairam4049 https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1526563589 2021-05-15 01:36:38 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1526563589 yajairam4049 https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1526569546 2021-05-15 01:42:35 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1526569546 Summary of What is transfection? yajairam4049 https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1526572316 Transfection is used to  create cells and animals model to for human clinical trials. In transfection there is a study of gene expression and the function of the proteins. Transfection is used to go through the cell membrane, it is procedure called Microinjection. This technique needs precision and experience. There is also electroporation uses high voltage electric shots to bring in nucleic acid to open spaces. Another example is viral infection. There is also chemical based DNA transfection mechanism when there is genetically modified positive charge polymer this lets in nanoparticles inside the cell. Then the nuclear enters the Nucleus. Chemical based transfection is the best option and less costly.]]> 2021-05-15 01:45:15 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1526572316 Xenotransplanation https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1526603532 The transplantation of living cells, tissues or organs from one species to another. This entails the transplantation of an animal's organ to the human body!]]> 2021-05-15 02:17:00 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1526603532 Video https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1526604020 2021-05-15 02:17:32 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1526604020 Summary of Video https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1526607751 Xenotransplantation is utilizing the organs of an animal (most notable pigs) and transplanting them in human organs that are failing to function properly. Xenotransplantation is most used when the heart valve fails, so scientists replace it when pig valves. Why do scientists use organs of other species instead of human organs? The procedure to transplant human organs to another human is extremely convoluted, seeing as the body is more prone to reject foreign human organs due to the protein human leukocyte antigen. Thus, transplant rejection is likely. Xenotransplantation avoids transplant rejection. Further bioengineering advancements have allowed scientists to develop pigs that do not produce "alpha gal", the antigen responsible for triggering organ rejection, thus minimizing the risks of xenotransplantation. ]]> 2021-05-15 02:21:14 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1526607751 Illustration to help remember details in the video: https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1526618947 2021-05-15 02:33:11 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1526618947 yajairam4049 https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1526669979 2021-05-15 03:33:08 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1526669979 Gene Gun dandreab1031 https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1526903713 How the gene gun works to transform cells with new DNA.]]> 2021-05-15 10:15:30 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1526903713 Link to Video dandreab1031 https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1526905291 2021-05-15 10:17:57 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1526905291 Summary of Video dandreab1031 https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1526905985 The gene gun is a transformation method that uses microscopic gold particles to deliver new genes into a nucleus. Hundreds of gold particles are coated with thousands of copies of the new gene. A marker gene may also be added to aid in determining which cells have been transformed. The coated gold particles are shot at target cells on a petri dish using air pressure. If a gold particle lands in a nucleus, its genes separate from it and are incorporated into the chromosomes. The gene is now part of the cell's DNA. The same gene inserted into different nuclei may show differences in expression. ]]> 2021-05-15 10:18:53 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1526905985 Picture dandreab1031 https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1526906104 2021-05-15 10:19:07 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1526906104 Phage Therapy,, Bacteriophage https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1529821614 Bacteriophage- A type of virus that infects bacteria. It attaches itself to a susceptible bacterium and infects the host cell
Phage therapy- Uses viruses that attack bacteria to treat pathogetic bacterial infection, so it selects certain bacteria to kill it without harming everything else.]]> 2021-05-17 04:26:48 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1529821614 https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1529975285 Fighting infection with Phages]]> 2021-05-17 05:33:01 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1529975285 Summary https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1530033743 phages are viruses that are meant to kill bacteria. Their shape helps its function. The Phage consists of a head, a sheath and the tail fibers
-tail fiber-- mediates attachment to the bacteria that will be attacked.
sheath--DNA that is stored within a sheath is injected in the bad cell
the phage then makes copies of it self by taking over the DNA and changing it
The new phages then kind of pop from the bacterium that was taken over, which both kills, or resets the life cycle of the phage and also kills the bad cell... All this happens within the "bad or targeted" cell.
In this treatment,,
1. the identity of the pathogen would be identified
2. You would then select the phage, or screen for the phage, 
3. This would be found in the phage depository, like a library foe phages

]]> 2021-05-17 05:58:38 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1530033743 Why https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1530077757 Antibiotics are creating resistance, so phages are now more favorable ]]> 2021-05-17 06:16:31 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1530077757 Column chromatography https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1531919094 Separate a single chemical compound from a mixture dissolved in a fluid.]]> 2021-05-17 15:59:14 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1531919094 Link to video https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1531948725 2021-05-17 16:05:16 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1531948725 Summary https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1531952126 Column chromatography is used to separate chemical compounds. Drug companies will often use column chromatography to produce large amounts of medicine by a purification process that can be done on a large scale. You can separate chemical compuds with column chromatography based on their polarity ]]> 2021-05-17 16:05:58 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1531952126 Picture https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1531994162 2021-05-17 16:14:16 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1531994162 Microinjection keirap7681 https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1532046229 A way to inject a liquid substances into something at a microscopic level.]]> 2021-05-17 16:24:44 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1532046229 Link to video keirap7681 https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1532080058 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R2OVe1qx444]]> 2021-05-17 16:31:43 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1532080058 Summary keirap7681 https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1532083417 For this video it is showing the process that is taken when doing a microinjection.]]> 2021-05-17 16:32:26 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1532083417 Picture keirap7681 https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1532086897 2021-05-17 16:33:10 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1532086897 Transferring genes using microinjection paolas5873 https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1536857052 2021-05-18 17:55:36 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1536857052 paolas5873 https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1536858478 2021-05-18 17:55:55 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1536858478 summary of the article paolas5873 https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1536859457 In this article I learned that a microinjection is a very fine glass pipette used to inject DNA of an animal into another animals eggs. They usually inject the DNA when  the animal is early after fertilization, sometimes the DNA will be expressed but at other times it will not. DNA microinjection is used to transfer genes between animals also known as transgenic organisms which are mostly done on mammals .]]> 2021-05-18 17:56:08 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1536859457 A picture I found that helps me remember the key points of the article paolas5873 https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1536861873 2021-05-18 17:56:37 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1536861873 Gel Electrophoresis natalien6980 https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1538007723 2021-05-19 01:42:05 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1538007723 Link to video natalien6980 https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1538010282 2021-05-19 01:43:37 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1538010282 Summary of video natalien6980 https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1538015585 Gel electrophoresis is used to separate molecules based on how big they are in size. The machine has an electrical charge
running through a gel which is made of agarose. Agarose is a polysaccharide polymer. Agarose gel lets the DNA molecules travel within it. One end of the gel has  holes called wells, where the DNA is placed into the area of the gel where the wells are negatively charged, and the area of the gel is positively charged. If it's negatively charged, it's going to travel to the positive side.
]]> 2021-05-19 01:47:02 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1538015585 Picture natalien6980 https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1538028393 2021-05-19 01:54:45 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1538028393 Xenotransplantation https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1538267625 The process of transplanting organs or tissues between members of different species. ]]> 2021-05-19 04:31:17 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1538267625 Link to video https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1538294027 2021-05-19 04:47:07 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1538294027 Summary of video... https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1538295428 Xenotransplantation is the procedure of transplanting organs, tissues, or cells from one species to another; in most cases animals to humans. The safest animal to take organs and cells from for humans is pigs. Their organs are the most similar in size and have the smallest risk of infecion after the transplant. The cells in pigs have actually helped people fight against diseases like parkinsons. Throughout the 1900's multiple attemps at xenotransplantation had started taking place starting with monkeys but all failed up until the 2000's after a ban was lifted from practicing this procedure due to a disease in pigs going around. ]]> 2021-05-19 04:47:53 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1538295428 Picture to keep in mind of the key points https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1538320817 2021-05-19 05:03:08 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1538320817 Bacteriophage https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1541570101 2021-05-19 22:34:17 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1541570101 PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1544483264 2021-05-20 16:03:41 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1544483264 https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1544492876 2021-05-20 16:05:46 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1544492876 Summary of video https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1544509510 PCR is like a printer for DNA. It provides more copies of little DNA segment. Why do we do this? It can be used to help solve a crime scene, and or even help diagnose a disease.cYou need a little segment of DNA, a buffer, primer, DNA polymerase, & nucleotides to do the PCR procedure. The first step is to denaturation. You can do this with heat. The heat will separate the two DNA strands. The next step is annealing, it's going to cool down the DNA strands to allow the primers to bind to the specific segment of DNA that are going to be copied (or amplify). The next step is making more copies of DNA, called DNA synthesis. That's when the DNA polymerase will work on both the DNA strands. You can repeat= this over and over again!!]]> 2021-05-20 16:09:12 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1544509510 Picture https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1544624262 2021-05-20 16:32:54 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1544624262 https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1544824809 2021-05-20 17:16:48 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1544824809 Summary of video https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1545695580 (Bacteriophage for short phage)Bacteriophage is a virus that is not alive or dead. The head of it contains the Phage DNA/virus this sits on a tail with legs. Phage kills bacteria. They need host to be able to survive. Antibiotics were created to kill virus then but as time passed bacteria became immune. now being called a super bug which is immune to antibiotics. But Phage is what can save us from those super bugs. Phage's will only attack bacteria. If bacteria became resist to Phages it would have to give up resist to antibiotics. Basiclly Phages could as millions of lives!]]> 2021-05-20 21:28:09 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1545695580 Picture https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1545715100 2021-05-20 21:38:47 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1545715100 Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFNs) https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1551690194 2021-05-23 19:05:27 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1551690194 https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1551718872 2021-05-23 19:32:19 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1551718872 https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1551745723 2021-05-23 19:57:45 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1551745723 Zinc-finger nucleases are artificial restriction enzymes generated by fusing a zinc finger DNA-binding domain to a DNA-cleavage domain. Zinc finger domains can be engineered to target specific desired DNA sequences and this enables zinc-finger nucleases to target unique sequences within complex genomes. The results are also permanent and thus inheritable which bring up the usual ethical dilemma of "super babies" and "playing god". https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1551748920 2021-05-23 20:00:31 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1551748920 https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1551753810 2021-05-23 20:05:17 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1551753810 Microinjection https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1557716899 2021-05-25 14:08:54 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1557716899 https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1557719923 2021-05-25 14:09:37 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1557719923 Summery https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1557722344 This video goes through the procedure of prepping a microinjector,  using a microinjector (specifically injecting morpholino into embryos), and what Microinjection looks like through a microscope. Microinjection uses a micropipette to inject a substance into a cell or any other intracellular space. It can be used to inject embryos, deliver antibodies, etc.]]> 2021-05-25 14:10:12 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1557722344 A picture I found that helps me remember key points of the video or article https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1557809913 2021-05-25 14:28:47 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1557809913 Gel electrophoresis https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1562333701 2021-05-26 17:30:02 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1562333701 https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1562349564 2021-05-26 17:34:12 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1562349564 Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate DNA fragments or other macromolecules, such as RNA and proteins based on their size and charge. Electrophoresis involves running a current through gel containing the molecules of interest. Based on their size and charge, the molecules will travel through the gel in different directions or at different speeds, allowing them to be separated from one another. All DNA molecules have the same amount of charge per mass because of that, gel electrophoresis of DNA fragments separates them based on size only. Using electrophoresis, we can see how many different DNA fragments are present in a sample and how large they are relative to one another. We can also determine the absolute size of a piece of DNA by examining it next to a standard "yardstick" made up of DNA fragments of known sizes https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1562356514 2021-05-26 17:36:00 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1562356514 Gel electrophoresis is used to separate the same DNA fragments as RNA. Electrophoresis involves passing an electric current through a gel that contains a target molecule. Based on the size and charge of the molecules, the molecules pass through the gel in different directions or at different speeds and separate from each other. Since all DNA molecules have the same mass and charge, gel electrophoresis of DNA fragments is only size-separated. You can use electrophoresis to determine the number of DNA fragments present in a sample and the size between them. We are also composed of DNA fragments of known sizes and can confirm the absolute size of standard DNA fragments. https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1562493688 2021-05-26 18:11:58 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1562493688 https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1562503867 2021-05-26 18:14:42 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1562503867 https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1562757352 Pcr is a technique for producing millions, if not billions, of copies of DNA samples. This is done by taking a little piece of DNA and amplifying it in order to examine it.]]> 2021-05-26 19:34:47 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1562757352 F https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1563862317 2021-05-27 04:07:28 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1563862317 Flow Cytometry https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1563862680 2021-05-27 04:07:36 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1563862680 https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1563863420 Flow Cytometry is a technique which is used in order to measure the physical and chemical properties of a population of particular cells. Within this process, a sample of cells is injected into a flow cytometer instrument in order to undergo analysis. ]]> 2021-05-27 04:08:02 UTC https://padlet.com/hannahthorndyke1/waneg2zjrircz02g/wish/1563863420