Unit 7: Development by Leslie Viray https://padlet.com/leslievir5963/w9tasjfzoqwb Learning Targets and Notes en-us 2017-01-23 16:10:30 UTC 2017-02-07 14:02:08 UTC hello@padlet.com 1/23/17 leslievir5963 https://padlet.com/leslievir5963/w9tasjfzoqwb/wish/148763544 I can understand developmental research designs.

At What Age Do We First...
Laugh: 2 mo
Pedal a tricycle: 2 yrs
Sit without support: 5-6 mo
Feel ashamed: 2 yrs
Walk unassisted: 11-13 mo.
Stand on one foot for 10 seonds: 4.5 yrs
Recognize and smile @ mom and dad: 4-5 mo
Kick ball forward: 20 mo
Think about things that cannot be seen: 12 mo
Make 2-word sentences: 20-22 mo

Station 6: A:11 B: 65
Station 5: A:15 B: 35
Station 7: A: 50 B: 16
Station 1: A: 90 B: 2
Station 3: A: 8 B: 10
Station 2: A: 75 B: 40
Station 4: A: 15 B: 40

Dissecting Research: Cross-sectional, logitudinal

Prenatal Development and The Newborn
Newborn Reflexes:
Rooting
Swallowing:
Babinski:
Moro "Startle" Reflex:
Grasping Reflex:
Stepping:
Swallowing:
Infancy+Childhood: Cognitive Development
Cognitive: All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.
Schema: A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information.
Piaget: Cognitive Development
  • Mental functioning depends on 2 biological processes: 
    • Assimilation: Interpreting one's new experience in terms of one's existing schemas (Cowboy boots)
    • Accommodation: Adapting one's current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information.
]]> 2017-01-23 16:11:29 UTC https://padlet.com/leslievir5963/w9tasjfzoqwb/wish/148763544 1/24/17 leslievir5963 https://padlet.com/leslievir5963/w9tasjfzoqwb/wish/149074978 Object Permanence:
Stranger Anxiety:
Baby Mathematics: Shown a numerically impossible outcome, infants stare longer
Ego-centrism: Inability of the preoperational child to take another's point of view
Theory of Mind: Ideas about your own and others mental states, feelings, perceptions, and thoughts and the behavior these might predict
Conservation: the principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite the changes in the forms of objects

]]> 2017-01-24 16:34:47 UTC https://padlet.com/leslievir5963/w9tasjfzoqwb/wish/149074978 1/25/17 leslievir5963 https://padlet.com/leslievir5963/w9tasjfzoqwb/wish/149363383 I can apply Erikson's theory to my reunion activity

Cognitive: Piaget
Social: Erikson
Basic Trust: A sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy
  • major task with each stage of life
  • responsive caregivers
Self-Concept: a sense of one's identity and personal worth
Psychosocial Development: Erikson's Stages
  1. Trust vs. Mistrust: (Infancy 0-1/2 yrs) If needs are dependable met, infants develop a sense of basic trust.
  2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt: (Toddler, 2-3 or 1-2) Toddlers learn to exercise will and do things for themselves, or they doubt their abilities.
  3. Initiative vs. Guilt: (Preschooler, 3-5 yrs) Preschoolers learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans, or they feel guilty about efforts to be independent.
  4. Competence vs. Inferiority: (Elementary, 6-Puberty) Children learn the pleasure of applying themselves to tasks, or they feel inferior.
  5. Identity vs. Role Confusion: (Adolescent Teens-20's) Teens work at refining a sense of self by testing roles and then integrating them to form a single identity, or they become confused about who they are.
  6. Intimacy vs. Isolation: (Young Adult, 20's-40's) Young adults struggle to form close relationships and to gain the capacity for intimate love, or they feel socially isolated.
  7. Generativity vs. Stagnation: (Middle Adult, 40's-60's) Middle-aged discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family and work, or they may feel a lack of purpose.
  8. Integrity vs. Despair: (Late Adult, late 60's+) When reflecting on his or her life, the older adult may feel a sense of satisfaction or failure.
]]> 2017-01-25 16:05:57 UTC https://padlet.com/leslievir5963/w9tasjfzoqwb/wish/149363383 1/26/17 leslievir5963 https://padlet.com/leslievir5963/w9tasjfzoqwb/wish/149650537 I can research designs for projects.

Moral Development: Laurence Kohlberg
Preconventional Level (Bottom): Morality of self-interest: to avoid punishment or gain concrete awards
Conventional Level: Morality of law and social rules: to gain approval or avoid disapproval
Postconventional Level (Top): Morality of abstract principles: to affirm agreed-upon rights and personal ethical principles.
  • As moral development progresses, the focus of concern moves from the self to the wider social world.
Moral Development of WOMEN: Carol Gilligan
  • She believed Kohlberg's ideas were sexist, so she did her stages, mostly based on Kohlberg'
Level 1: Orientation of individual survival
  • Transition 1: Selfishness to Responsibility
Level 2: Goodness as Self-Sacrifice
  • Transition 2: Goodness to Truth
Level 3: Morality of Nonviolence
Infancy+Childhood: Sociocultural Development
Why Do Children Play?
  • Self-Teaching: By trial and error (Sensorimotor)
  • Symbolic Representation (Preoperational)
Piaget Says interaction with physical world...
  • Overcome egocentrism
  • Learning through first-hand experiences
Vygotsky says...Culture and Education!!!!
  • Delaying Immediate gratification
  • Practice self-regulation: learn to thing about own world
Lev Vygotsky: Social Development Theory
 Social interaction + cognitive development
   Learning-Development is enhanced with new tasks
 Scaffolding or cognitive apprenticeship model
  Zone of proximal developmen (ZPD) help with others
  • Vygotsky's View of Language
    •    Primary method of communication between adults and children
    • Powerful tool of intellectual adaptation
      • Private speech (Talk to self) vs. Inner speech
      • Thoughts a result of language
Language Development
  • Critical Periods: windows of opportunity for learning a language; as early as 6 yrs old
  • Chomsky: Language Acquisition Deviation: Born with internal Mechanism
  • Whorf: Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis: Language determines who we think, recent research: language influences how we think
Social Development: Parent + Child Relationships
  • Critical Period: An optimal period shortly after birth when an organishm's exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development
  • Imprinting (Lorenz): The process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life.
  • Stranger Anxiety & Attachment: Fear of strangers beginning aroung 8 months; an emotional tie found in young children
Ainsworth: Attachment Styles
  • Secure vs. Insecure Attachment
  • Anxious-resistant insecure attachment
    • Rage at mom when she returns
  • Avoidant insecure attachment
    • May not notice mother is gone
]]> 2017-01-26 16:09:58 UTC https://padlet.com/leslievir5963/w9tasjfzoqwb/wish/149650537 1/30/17 leslievir5963 https://padlet.com/leslievir5963/w9tasjfzoqwb/wish/150286557 I can finish developmental notes

Social Development: Child-Rearing Practices
Authoritarian: Parents impose rules and expect obedience; "Don't interrupt." "Why?" "Because I said so"
Permissive: Submit to children's desires, make few demands, use little punishment
Authoritative: Both demanding a responsive; set rules, but explain reasons and encourage open discussion
Uninvolved/Detached: Limited time/energy; attachment issues+delinquency
Parenting Styles
Punishment: Immediate obedience, adult models aggression, avoid adult
Adolescence
  • Primary Sex Characteristics
    • Body Structures that make sexual reproduction possible
      • Male-1st ejaculation
      • Female-Menarche (First menstrual period)
  • Secondary Sex Characteristics
    • Nonreproductive sexual characteristics 
      • Male-Voice deepens
      • Female-Breasts develop
  • Social Development
    • David Elkind: Imaginary audience (everyone's looking at me); Personal Fable (I'm vulnerable)

]]> 2017-01-30 16:18:38 UTC https://padlet.com/leslievir5963/w9tasjfzoqwb/wish/150286557 2/1/17 leslievir5963 https://padlet.com/leslievir5963/w9tasjfzoqwb/wish/150876376 Vygotsky: Learning impacts development
Theories of Adolescents
  • G. Stanley Hall: "Storm and Stress"
    • 3 Key Aspects: Conflict with parents, mood disruptions, risky behavior (not everyone goes through this)
  • Margaret Mead: "Easy Transition"
    • No harsh and difficult but an easy move
  • Erikson: Identity vs. Role Confusion
  • James Marcia: Interviewed students ages 18-22 about their central aspects of identity.
    • Identitaty Diffusion: Sense of having no choices; unwilling to commit
    • Identity Foreclosure: Willing to commit to some things; conform to expectations of others
    • Identity Moratorium: Crisis; Ready for choices, but not sure
    • Identity Achievement: Commitment to an identity resolved crisis.
Future Trends
  • Adolescence lasting longer
    • 1st marriages: Men=31, Women=28 (Early 30s)
  • Women outlive men by 3 years worldwide.
Physical Changes: Incidence of Dementia by age
Cognitive Changes (ADULTHOOD):
Cognition
Alzheimer's
Crystallized Intelligence
Fluid Intelligence
Death and Dying: KUBLER-ROSS
  • 5 Stages of Grief
    1. Denial
    2. Anger
    3. Bargaining
    4. Depression
    5. Acceptance
Gone to the Dogs Questions:
  1. Does the case of Oxana support Nature or Nurture? Give at least 2 examples to support their view.
  2. Which language theory is supported by this view: B.F. Skinner or Noam Chomsky? What items form this case support this theory?

]]> 2017-02-01 15:58:33 UTC https://padlet.com/leslievir5963/w9tasjfzoqwb/wish/150876376 2/2/2017 leslievir5963 https://padlet.com/leslievir5963/w9tasjfzoqwb/wish/151192088 Gone to the Dogs Questions:
  1. Does the case of Oxana support Nature or Nurture? Give at least 2 examples to support their view.
In the Oxana's case, her parent's abandoned her at a really young age so she had to live with dogs, because of this she ended up ACTING like a dog so this would be nurture. Her case supports the idea of nurture because she learned how to act like a dog because of her environment, she practically spent her with dogs so she adapted to how dogs live.
  1. Which language theory is supported by this view: B.F. Skinner or Noam Chomsky? What items form this case support this theory?
B.F. Skinner's theory is supported more because the children had to learn language while growing up to be able to use it later on. The children who werent exposed to language were unable to use it later on, showing that language isnt innate.
]]> 2017-02-02 16:12:24 UTC https://padlet.com/leslievir5963/w9tasjfzoqwb/wish/151192088