Weighs approximately 6.5-9 pounds at birth; females weigh approximately 7 ounds and males weigh approximately 7.5 pounds.

Loses between 5 and 7 percent of birth weight in the days immediately following delivery.

Gains an average of 5-6 ounces per week during the first month.

Is approximately 18- 21 inches in length at birth.

Breathes at a rate of approximately thirty to fifty respiration per minute; breathing can be somewhat irregular in both rhythm and rate.

Chest appears small, cylindrical, and nearly the same size as the head.

Normal body temperature ranges from 96 F- 99 F; fluctuations are normal during the early weeks, and then temperature stabilizes as the system matures and a fat layer develops beneath the skin.

Skin is sensitive to touch, especially on the body and accounts for nearly one-quarter of the total body length.

Head circumference averages 12.5 - 14.5 inches.

During these months they start to weigh between 8 to 16 pounds and their average length is 20 to 27 inches.

Gains approximately 1 pound per month in weight; doubles original birth weight by eight months.

Increases length by approximately 1/2 inch per month; average length is 27.5 - 29 inches.

Head circumference increases by an average of 3/8 inch per month until six to seven months of age; growth then slows to approximately 3/16 inch per month. Continued gains are a sign of a healthy brain growth and development.

Takes approximately twenty-five to fifty breaths per minute, depending on activity; rate and patterns vary from infant to infant; breathing is abdominal.

Begins to develop teeth, with upper and lower incisors erupting first.

Color vision is now manifest.

Gums may become red and swollen, accompanied by increased drooling, chewing, biting, and mouthing of objects.

Legs often appear bowed; bowing gradually disappears as the infant grows older.

True eye color is established.

Grows at a slower rate than during the previous months; averages an increase of 1/2 inch in length per month. Length is approximately 1 1/2 times the birth length by the first birthday.

Weight increases by approximately 1 pound per month; birth weight nearly triples by one year of age; infants weigh an average of 21 pounds.

Respiration rates vary with activity; typically twenty to forty-five breaths per minute.

Body temperature ranges from 96.4 F - 99.6 F environmental conditions, weather, activity, and clothing affect variations in temperature.

The circumferences of the head and chest remain equal

The anterior fontanel begins to close.

Approximately four upper and four lower incisors and two lower molar erupt.

The arms and hands are more developed than the feet and legs; hands appear large in proportion to other body parts.

The legs may continue to appear bowed

The feet appear flat the arch has not yet developed fully.

Visual acuity is approximately 20/100; can see distant objects and point to them.

Both eyes work in unison.

Normal body temperature ranges from 96 F- 99 F; fluctuations are normal during the early weeks, and then temperature stabilizes as the system matures and a fat layer develops beneath the skin.

Skin is sensitive to touch, especially on the body and accounts for nearly one-quarter of the total body length.

Head circumference averages 12.5 - 14.5 inches.

Head circumference increases approximately 3/4 inch during the first and second months and 5/8 inch during months three and four. Increases are important indication of continued brain growth.

Grasps onto small objects using the entire hand; however strength is insufficient to hold onto items for long at the beginning of this period.

Holds the hands in an open or semi-open position much of the time.

Muscle tone and development are equal for boys and girls.

Continues to gaze in the direction of moving objects that have disappeared.

The blinking reflex is well established.

The sucking reflex becomes voluntary.

The parachute reflex appears toward the end of this stage; when held in a prone, horizontal position and lowered suddenly, the infant throws out her arms as a protective measure.

Reaches for objects with both arms simultaneously; later reaches with one hand or the other.

Transfers objects from one hand to the other; still grasps objects using the entire hand.

Pulls self into a crawling position by rising up on the arms and drawing the knees up beneath the body; rocks back and forth, but generally does not move forward.

Rolls over from front to back and back to front.

Helps to hold onto the bottle during feedings; if breast-fed, may place a hand on the breast.

Releases objects or toys by dropping or throwing; cannot intentionally put an object down.

Begins pulling self to a standing position.

Begins to stand alone, leaning on furniture for support; moves or "cruises" around obstacles by side-stepping.

Walks with adult support, holding onto adult's hand; may begin to walk alone.

Shows awareness of distant objects by pointing at them.

Shows some sense of spatial relationships: puts a block in a cup and takes it out when requested to do so.

Babbles or jabbers deliberately to initiate social interaction; may shout to attract attention, listen and the shout again if no one responds.

Nods head to indicate "no" and might occasionally do so for "yes".

Hands a toy or an object to an adult when appropriate gestures accompany the request.

Wants an adult to be in constant sight; may cry and search the room when no one is immediately visible.

Shows a need to be picked up and held by extending arms upward, crying, or clinging to an adult's legs.