chem. ch. 17 notes by Samantha Peskie

common ion affect 702-707

samanthapeskie — 2018-02-22 20:31:18 UTC

it is- the extent of ionization of a weak electrolyte is decreased by adding to the solution a strong electrolyte that has an ion in common with the weak electrolytes
-it is an application of leChatelier’s principle
-ice tables are still applicable yo yo yooo :)

buffers overview

samanthapeskie — 2018-02-22 20:31:52 UTC

-a buffered solution is one that resists a change in its pH when either hydroxide ions or protons are added
-Will it act as a buffer?
1) is it a conjugate system
2) strong or weak acid - strong means no
-Affect of adding acid or base to buffer
~Weak acid consumes hydroxide to form a super weak base
~single sided arrows bc theres strong ions and they react completely
-preparing a buffer

spectator ions

samanthapeskie — 2018-02-23 20:14:31 UTC

Li+
Na+
K+
Rb+
Cl-
Br-
I-
No3-

buffer capacity

samanthapeskie — 2018-02-23 20:16:02 UTC

the amount of acid or base the buffer can neutralize before the pH beings to change an appreciable degree

ph range

samanthapeskie — 2018-02-23 20:16:12 UTC

the pH renge over which the buffer acts effectively

wot in titration - procedure

samanthapeskie — 2018-02-26 20:16:25 UTC

tools = buret, titrant, ph probe, aliquot, erlenmeyer flask

indicator

samanthapeskie — 2018-03-02 17:28:24 UTC

match ph at eq pt
changes color
signals equivalence point

common ion affect

samanthapeskie — 2018-03-11 23:26:22 UTC

the extent of ionization of a weak electrolyte is decreased by adding to the solution a strong electrolyte that as an ion in common with the weak electrolyte
-tie into Le Chatelier's Principle

wot in titration - acid-base rxns

samanthapeskie — 2018-03-11 23:41:01 UTC

1. Strong acid strong base
eq at 7 - salt that is produced has 2 spectator ions and is equally neutral
initial - less than 2
1/2 eq pt - ~2
final ph - greater than 7

2. Strong base strong acid
eq at 7 - salt that is produced has 2 spectator ions and is equally neutral
initial - 12-14
1/2 eq pt - same as inital
final ph - 2-0

3. Weak acid strong BASE
greater than 7 - CB hydrolyzes h20 producing oh-
initial -2-6
1/2 eq pt - pH = pKa of WA
final ph - 12-14

4. weak BASE strong acid
less than 7 - CA hydrolyzes h20 to produce h20+
initial - 12-8
1/2 eq pt - pH = pKa of the conjugate
final ph - about 2
see packet for diagrams and molecule ratios

equivalence point

samanthapeskie — 2018-03-12 00:08:15 UTC

the point at which the stoichiometrically equivalent quantities of acid and base have been brought together

ksp = solubility equibrium

samanthapeskie — 2018-03-12 00:10:16 UTC

- dissociation equations - know how to write these!!
-conversion
~ Solubility (g/L) -> Molar Solubility (mol/L) -> Molar concentration of ions -> Ksp ~

1. CALCULATE ONE [ ] OF ONE ION KNOWING THE OTHER
plug into ksp equasion and solve

2. CALCULATE KSP FROM SOLUBILITY
write dissociation equasion for refrence
plug and chug

3. CALCULATE SOLUBILITY FROM KSP
this is where the 4x^3 stuff comes in (quizlet is good for review)

4. CALCULATING THE EFFECT OF A COMMON ION ON SOLUBILITY
common ion affect
5% rule
then just draw diagram if needed for refrence and plug and chug

5. PREDICTING THE EFFECT OF PH ON SOLUBILITY
---metal hydroxides - youll have to solve for concentration
---salts containing basic anions - the solubility of slightly soluble salts containing basic anions increase as the [h+] increases (bc the pH is lowered). the more basic the anion, the more solubility is influenced by pH

6. DETERMINE IF A PRECIPITATE WILL FORM
ion product is Q
Ksp is K
If KIf K>Q then there is not
Solid vs ions
solves for k and q then compare

yo lets stop being sad and look at quizlet ;)

samanthapeskie — 2018-03-12 00:53:32 UTC

KSP
https://quizlet.com/167953437/ap-chemistry-chapter-16-ksp-zumdahl-flash-cards/
TITRATION
https://quizlet.com/208810262/ap-chemistry-titration-flash-cards/
https://quizlet.com/216232420/ap-chemistry-titration-ap-chemistry-acids-and-bases-flash-cards/

:) :) :)

heres a lil happy diagram for your stress

samanthapeskie — 2018-03-12 01:06:16 UTC

https://www.pinterest.com/pin/168603579774147179/

here's a review videooo

samanthapeskie — 2018-03-12 01:07:34 UTC

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JCAsOJYkn-s