Research Methods OBSERVATION + + INTERVIEWS+ QUESTIONNAIRES + DISCOURSE AND CONTENT ANALYSIS + SAMPLING + RESEARCH STRATEGIES by Usic https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm en-us 2022-10-24 06:30:00 UTC 2022-11-09 15:35:59 UTC hello@padlet.com usictech https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2353091502 2022-10-24 06:33:39 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2353091502 usictech https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2353091625 2022-10-24 06:33:47 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2353091625 usictech https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2353094443 2022-10-24 06:36:33 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2353094443 In the Pre-Class Activity, you reviewed your understanding of academic research. What do you already know about academic research and research methods? In pairs or small groups, discuss: usictech https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2353095567 1.  What is ‘academic research’?

2.  What are some of the ways / techniques to collect primary data?

3.  What is the word used for the people who take part in research?

4.  What is the word used for the place where research is based?
]]> 2022-10-24 06:37:42 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2353095567 usictech https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2353111397 Work with a partner or in a small group.

Imagine you need to choose appropriate research methods to answer this example research question: 

What is the relationship between distance learning and student mental wellbeing?

]]> 2022-10-24 06:52:11 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2353111397 usictech https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2353114927
In the same groups, open and scan the ‘example journal article methods section’ document.

Part A: Add answers to the class padlet:

A.  Where did the researchers carry out their research? 

B.  Which people (= participants) were included in this research?

C.  What kind(s) of information did the researchers want to find out from these people?

D.  How did they find / collect this information?

E.  What reason(s) did the researchers give for their choices?

Part B: Discuss: Did the researchers have the same answers you had in activity 4? Note any interesting similarities / differences.

]]> 2022-10-24 06:55:35 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2353114927 usictech https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2353119340
In the same groups as before, study the example research questions on the next slide. For each question, decide:

1.  Which data collection technique might be appropriate? Why?

2.  Which participants might be appropriate? Why?

3.  Which setting might be appropriate? Why?
]]> 2022-10-24 06:59:27 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2353119340 usictech https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2353390450 2022-10-24 11:11:32 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2353390450 usictech https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2353390937 2022-10-24 11:12:01 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2353390937 usictech https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2353391249 2022-10-24 11:12:18 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2353391249 Tony and Aria usictech https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2356928007 Problem 1 - solution
problem 2 - solution 
Problem 3 - solution ]]> 2022-10-26 08:50:10 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2356928007 Jiexuan and Tony rzhang94 https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2356942428 1.Interviewer did not show respect to the interviewee.
solution: The language interviewer chose should be more polite.
2.Interviewee answered the question with low quality.
solution:Interviewees that were chosen should be more related to the research or professional.
3.The language that interviewer chose is not academic
solution:The attitude of interviewer should be objective]]> 2022-10-26 09:02:04 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2356942428 Kexin&Joy chan15 https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2356945331 Problem 1:The interviwer did not explain to the interviewee the topic of the interview.
solution:give interviewee some information about the interview.
Problem2:The interviewer did not guide the interviewee to express more.
solution:Interviewees should be given more guidance.
Problem3:Irregular language of the interviewer.
solution:Professional terminology should be used.]]> 2022-10-26 09:04:53 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2356945331 PPT INTERVIEWS usictech https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2362974824 2022-10-31 09:03:02 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2362974824 Activity 2 answers Jiexuan and Rui usictech https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2363178907 1. The researcher designed a questionnaire, and the participants answered the questionnaire. Researchers are initiative and participants are passive.
2. Multiple choice & Tick box (multiple answer)，Ranking，Likert ScaleComment box，Comment box，Dichotomous (questions with only 2 possible answers)
3. 1)verision 3 
It is convenient for statistical participants to choose, and they can also supplement the answers to questions. so that researchers can obtain more accurate data.
    2)verision 2
It does not need to write or add answers. 
4.Including: title, subject, theme, thank you, description
It can let interviewers know that their information is safe and understand the purpose of their answers.
5.Multiple choice.income, occupation, nationality.
6.advantage:
a)The questionnaire method saves time, money and manpower.
b)The questionnaire survey results are easy to quantify.
c)The results of the questionnaire are convenient for statistical processing and analysis.
Disadvantages:
a)Unable to understand the vivid and specific social situation
b) It is difficult to conduct in-depth investigation.
c) The authenticity and quality of survey data are often not guaranteed.
d) The recovery rate is sometimes difficult to guarantee.
7.Open ended questions are like question and answer questions, which cannot be answered in one or two words. This kind of question needs to be explained and explained. At the same time, you should express to the other party that you are interested in what they say and want to know more about it.
Closed questions refer to the questions designed in advance with various possible answers for the respondents to choose.
It is a good way to choose open or closed questions according to different topics.]]> 2022-10-31 12:15:27 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2363178907 Activity 2 Ying and Yiming yqu18 https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2363179739  Q1. What is the difference between a questionnaire participant and a questionnaire researcher?
Participant - the person completing the questionnaire
Researcher = the person who created and / or set the
questionnaire

Q2. What are the five common question types used in
questionnaires?
Online/ComputerBased, Postal, Delivery and Collection, Telephone/ Online Interview, Structured Interview

Q3. If you were the researcher who wrote this questionnaire, which answers would be the most useful for you: version 1, 2 or 3? Why?
Version 2‘s result, participants have a specific preference, which will be the most useful for the researcher.
 Which version is the easiest for the participant to answer:
version 1, 2 or 3? Why?
Version 3 is the easiest for participants to answer, most of them are multiple-choice questions, rarely short answers.

Q4.Look at the information on the next slide, taken from the beginning of the questionnaire.
1. Why is this information important?
It tells participants the purpose of this questionnaire and that there is no risk and nothing to worry about.
2. What kinds of information are included?
The subject of this questionnaire, the usage, anonymity and participants can skip questions and stop at any time.

Q5. Look at these questions from the end of the questionnaire.
1. What term is used to describe the kinds of information being asked for here?
demographics
2. What kinds of other information might be asked for here?
Income, Nationality, Level of education, Religion and Sexual orientation

Q6
Advantages  Quick to answer questions  Easy data collection
Disadvantages   Information cannot be fully collected

Q7
Open-ended questions allow for your own thinking
Closed-ended questions can only be selected from set options
Closed-ended questions are more appropriate in questionnaires, it will save time and the response rate will be higher.]]> 2022-10-31 12:16:05 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2363179739 Activity 2 answer Kexin and Tony rzhang94 https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2363301939 Q1. Questionnaire researchers design questionnaires and collect the answer from questionnaire participants.
Q2.Multiple choice & Tick box; Ranking; Likert Scale; Comment box; Dichotomous
Q3.1.Version 3 is the most useful for me,because it is more specific and visual.
2.version 1 is the easiest for participants to answer,the questions are easy to understand.
Q4  1. Give participants some ethical information about the question in advance.   
2. The topic and aim of the research.   A request for participants' informed consent.   A clear statement that participant details will remain anonymous.
Q5 1. Demographics
2.  Income, Nationality, Level of education, Religion, Marital Status.
Q6.Advantages:It is convenient to use the same questions for different participants.And the results are easy to analyse.
Disadvantages:The regions and groups are limited.It is impossible to collect answers which researchers do not consider about.
Q7 1. You can answer anything for open questions,but for closed questions,you can only choose the answers that researchers designed.
2.Closed questions more likely to be used in questionnaires,because there is much data of questionnaires,open questions are too difficult to collect.

]]> 2022-10-31 13:33:44 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2363301939 Activity 2 answers Joy and Rik https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2363368086 Q1.Participant = the person completing the questionnaire. Researcher = the person who created and / or set the questionnaire
Q2.Multiple choice.  Ranking.  Likert Scale.   Comment box.   Dichotomous.
Q3.(1)Version2 is the most useful for researchers to conclude,because the single choice format allows the researcher to get more accurate data.
(2)Version3 is the easiest for participants to answer,because they don't have to think about which one they concern most.
Q4.(1)Because ethics make participants know about the information about the questionnaire and what these information will be used for.Which make participants to be more comfortable and truthful to complete the questionnaire.
(2) a).The research topic/aim. b).Time to complete. c).Right to anonymity/privacy d).How participants’ information will be used e).Right to withdraw/skip questions f).Informed consent
Q5.(1)Demographics.(2)income, occupation, nationality   
Q6.(1)Advantages:More convenient,More data collected,More realistic
(2)Disadvantages:May get inaccurate information,Unable to make a complete statement
Q7.(1)Open questions:There're no pre-set answers to choose,participants can free to answer.
Closed questions:There're several pre-set answers for participants to choose, participants can only select answers from the options.
(2)Closed questions in questionnaire are more likely to be used in a questionnaire.Because the closed questions are more convenient, more realistic and it have a higher response rate.However, and open questions are difficult to process, more time consuming, the results are unreliable and there are many worthless answers.]]> 2022-10-31 14:08:38 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2363368086 PPT from lesson usictech https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2366254338 2022-11-02 07:52:26 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2366254338 PPT from the lesson usictech https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2366255397 2022-11-02 07:53:22 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2366255397 PPT Observations usictech https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2366256269 2022-11-02 07:54:13 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2366256269 Tony, Aria, Joy and Kexin https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2366256965 discourse analysis:
1. four different middle-income family dinner conversations in Sheffield
2. primary data
3. recorded conversations were transcribed;                           added notational symbols to each transcript;                      looked for language patterns and analyzed them]]> 2022-11-02 07:54:52 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2366256965 GroupA https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2366257659 Q1:The Facebook profile photos of 50 male and 50 female British teenagers.
Q2:secondary data
Q3:1.Creating subcategories 2.Creating a code 3.Recording the results 4.Comparing the results (= data analysis*)
]]> 2022-11-02 07:55:31 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2366257659 usictech https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2376449421 2022-11-09 08:53:40 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2376449421 Advantages and disadvantages usictech https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2376451427 2022-11-09 08:55:28 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2376451427 usictech https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2376451959 2022-11-09 08:55:57 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2376451959 ACTIVITY 1 usictech https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2376460723 2022-11-09 09:03:33 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2376460723 ACTIVITY 3 usictech https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2376461248 2022-11-09 09:04:00 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2376461248 Rik,Joy and Yiming https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2376556788 2022-11-09 10:22:08 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2376556788 Aria and Kexin https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2376559516 2022-11-09 10:24:16 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2376559516 ANSWERS! usictech https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2376560069 2022-11-09 10:24:44 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2376560069 Jiexuan Ruoyu Ying yqu18 https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2376560829 2022-11-09 10:25:18 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2376560829 usictech https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2376597347 Jane ]]> 2022-11-09 10:56:04 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2376597347 Jiexuan;Kexin;Tony rzhang94 https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2376673140 2022-11-09 12:01:06 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2376673140 Rick Aria Ellia yqu18 https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2376917730 2022-11-09 14:38:37 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2376917730 Joy&Yiming chan15 https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2377028289 2022-11-09 15:35:59 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/w6peyqk138mm0wbm/wish/2377028289