AP Gov 9 by Savannah Julius

vocab

8juliuss — 2016-10-19 21:03:34 UTC

phase one of campaigning = <u>nomination game</u>

8juliuss — 2016-10-19 21:22:18 UTC

nominations require money, momemtum, and media attention

8juliuss — 2016-10-19 21:22:31 UTC

good campaign strategies, lots of time and money
know how to play the game (experienced)
hardworking and willing to give SO MANY SPEECHES

those wanting to be nominated battle to get delegates votes of same party

8juliuss — 2016-10-19 21:23:13 UTC

do so through primaries and caucuses
even during invisible primary

national party conventions is where the nominees are revealed

8juliuss — 2016-10-19 21:23:40 UTC

never really a surprise anymore bc america is ALWAYS campaigning even if it isn't election time

1968 police riot in chi about anti war turned into fight about misrepresentation in the state's conventions for the democrats

8juliuss — 2016-10-19 21:25:02 UTC

wanted fair representation of delegates
mcgovern fraser commission formed to get this better rep
started w. just dems then affect repubs as well

this is a game for the elite... or a game to get the elite on your side

8juliuss — 2016-10-19 21:26:26 UTC

superdelegates = the delegates who have been at the convention for a while
THEIR VOTES COUNT AND CAN SWING THE ELECTION but usually dont

before any strategies start to get delegates' votes... invisible primaries occur

8juliuss — 2016-10-19 21:27:12 UTC

get the party image set and the image of the candidate
make everything clean and shiny and squeaky clean and good
PERSONALITY

invisible primaries = time to get as many endorsements as possible

8juliuss — 2016-10-19 21:28:09 UTC

get them from dependable and powerful people
get as many as possible because campaigning is expensive as heck $$$

caucus

8juliuss — 2016-10-19 21:28:44 UTC

requires committment and all delegates attend open meeting
high media attention -- a lot of $ spent here
make it or break it point

1st caucus and most important usually = Iowa

8juliuss — 2016-10-19 21:57:28 UTC

primary

8juliuss — 2016-10-19 21:57:32 UTC

less commitment and involvement than caucus
campaign image is big
high media attention

1st primary in New Hampshire (usually most important)

8juliuss — 2016-10-19 21:58:25 UTC

Dems require all primaries to be open and use proportional representation for delegates while repubs don;t require that and have a mix of proportional representation, which congress districts won, and winner takes all system for delegates

8juliuss — 2016-10-19 21:58:31 UTC

criticisms of primaries and caucuses (cons)

8juliuss — 2016-10-19 21:59:21 UTC

disproportionate (media) attention goes to early ones --> frontloading
difficult for current politicians to run because it becomes full time job/life to campaign
expensive af
participation is low and hardly proportional for delegates
system gives too much power to media

convention send off is a big deal where candidate is officially announced as nominated, acceptance speeches, regard speeches by others, and a celebration

8juliuss — 2016-10-19 22:01:28 UTC

party platforms are created at conventions before big sendoff
if any disagreements w/ platform, they are taken care of on the side... sketchy!!!

campaigns rely on media (tv)

8juliuss — 2016-10-19 22:02:22 UTC

Obama first candidate to have campaign office dedicated to high tech work like twitter and facebook

media coverage determined by...

8juliuss — 2016-10-19 22:02:57 UTC

1. how candidates use their ad budget
2. how candidates use free attention the media gives them

campaigns on tv

8juliuss — 2016-10-19 22:03:30 UTC

huge business
$$$
bash the other candidates, give out info about own stance on issues
sell the image not the content

campaigns need to be organized as effectively as possible

8juliuss — 2016-10-19 22:04:05 UTC

organize campaign by:

8juliuss — 2016-10-19 22:04:11 UTC

getting a campaign manager
press secretary
fund-raiser guy
campaign counsel --> lawyers
campaign staff (for the everyday tasks)
media and campaign consultants
research staff and policy advisors -- super smart peeps
plan logistics for scheduling and travel
pollster - opinion and feedback
establish website

two main parts of campaign

8juliuss — 2016-10-19 22:06:23 UTC

primary election to get nominated to run
general election to get to win

2 ways to donate to parties

8juliuss — 2016-10-24 23:39:33 UTC

1 = through campaign contributions
2 = donate to independent expenditures that'll help the party in return

campaign reform came about after Watergate and scandal of a bunch on money going into Nixon's residency

8juliuss — 2016-10-24 23:40:31 UTC

money was buying public policy really
even with reforms through the years, there are always loopholes found

federal election campaign act of 1974

8juliuss — 2016-10-24 23:40:59 UTC

required disclosure of who has contributed money to campaigns and how that money is to be spent or how it has been spent by the party

b/c of act of 1974, congress could now limit individual contributions per election to candidates

8juliuss — 2016-10-24 23:42:27 UTC

limit matches inflation... but there IS a limit for how much money 1 person can donate
limit from a group/corp is obviously higher but there still is a limit

loophole: PAC

8juliuss — 2016-10-24 23:43:27 UTC

raises money from individuals, as much as they want, support campaigns indirectly
STILL HAVE TO REPORT AND REGISTER to FEC

FEC = federal election commission

8juliuss — 2016-10-24 23:44:24 UTC

3 members from each party, 4 votes required for action
regulate/oversee contributions and expenditures of parties

use of taxpayer money is kinda relevant..???? not really

8juliuss — 2016-10-24 23:45:16 UTC

not enough people do it, not enough money involved, almost nonexistent because it wouldnt allow enough money to be spent!
money money money

loophole: 527 group

8juliuss — 2016-10-24 23:45:44 UTC

don't have contribution restrictions b/c they TECHNICALLY don't seek election of a particular candidate
STILL HAVE TO REPORT AND REGISTER to FEC (and IRS)

527 groups came about b/c of case Citizen's United v. FEC

8juliuss — 2016-10-24 23:46:44 UTC

those darn citizens united always wanting to bring more money back into politics

loophole: 501(c) groups

8juliuss — 2016-10-24 23:48:10 UTC

can receive unlimited contributions but can't spend more than half their funds on politics
DON'T HAVE TO REPORT EXPENDITURES TO FEC unless the money goes to a POLITICAL AD

independent expenditure-only groups = Super PACs = another loophole

8juliuss — 2016-10-24 23:49:28 UTC

as long as they don't explicity support a candidate and are only saying their own views, they can get and give as much money as they want

release ads on their own accord
protected by freedom of speech, technically

accurate

8juliuss — 2016-10-25 00:02:33 UTC

3 types of effects that campaigns have on voters

8juliuss — 2016-10-31 21:58:35 UTC

reinforcement
1. of voter's preferences for candidate already
activation
1. get masses to vote who usually don't
2. get donations
conversion
1. rare
2. get people to convert to your party

why conversion usually doesn't happen

8juliuss — 2016-11-02 02:05:49 UTC

selective perception
party ID is consistent
if its an incumbent v. challenger, incumbent has advantage anyway

how suffrage has expanded

8juliuss — 2016-11-02 02:06:35 UTC

1789: white land owning males
jeffersonian sometime: white males
1865: males

15th amendment

1920: males and females

19th amendment

1960s: actually both genders and all races
1971: virtually everyone 18+

26th amendment

why people may vote

8juliuss — 2016-11-02 02:10:57 UTC

policy differences: people feel they match up well with one candidate over the other so they go vote for them
political efficacy[image]: people who think participation really does matter and every vote matters and can make a change
civic duty: people who vote in order to support a democratic government, excercizing their right

issues over voter registration

8juliuss — 2016-11-02 02:13:47 UTC

low voter turnout
people not motivated to go get registered
process differs for each state

motor voter act - attempt FAILED

8juliuss — 2016-11-02 02:14:24 UTC

1992

dem states have easy voting registration and it can be online

8juliuss — 2016-11-02 02:14:35 UTC

goal = increase voter participation

repub states favor voter ID laws

8juliuss — 2016-11-02 02:15:02 UTC

goal = prevent voter fraud

who votes more

8juliuss — 2016-11-02 02:17:31 UTC

elderly, well educated, married, government workers

not a lot of younger people or not college edu., not too many single peeps, race and gender are quite fair in proportion to one another

if you were to look at gender and race specifically:

women vote slightly more than men
blacks and hispanics have a slightly less voter turnout

politicians believe they have a mandate to carry out their policies once they like have a mini victory

8juliuss — 2016-11-02 02:19:08 UTC

get off your high horse mate

CONTRARY: political scientists know that's not why voters voted that way for that air-headed politicians

8juliuss — 2016-11-02 02:19:45 UTC

instead
1. due to their party ID
2. due to voter's evaluation of candidates
3. a match-up between the voter and candidates opinions

party identification over the years

8juliuss — 2016-11-02 02:21:46 UTC

1950s = party ID could predict voting outcomes
1960s/70s = media and importance of personal image of candidates skewed party ID as a predictor
today: its more an individual choice, and its so easy to evaluate candidates now if you just try

younger, independents, ya know, the type
called floating voters

important dimensions of candidate IMAGE

8juliuss — 2016-11-02 02:24:04 UTC

integrity
reliability
competence

policy voting

8juliuss — 2016-11-02 02:24:35 UTC

1. voters have sense of own policy position
2. voters know candidate's stance on policy
3. voter can note differences between candidates' policies
4. voter matches up with candidate w/ policies that best match their opinions
all steps of policy voting occur 68% of the time

*** it's easy for voters to vote based on policy today

conservatives recently have been loved or hated

8juliuss — 2016-11-02 02:25:28 UTC

they are quite far right
not moderate beings

2012 election was all about winning over the mid class

8juliuss — 2016-11-02 02:25:55 UTC

Obama succeeded at that

voting on a tuesday?

8juliuss — 2016-11-10 01:35:57 UTC

didn't want it to be on sunday
people still worked monday through saturday then
travel time to election location took a long time; include travel time of monday to get to day of tuesday

people have suggested we make election day on the weekend or make it a national holiday so most don't have to work or be in school so they may vote without those restrictions of tough voting hours

8juliuss — 2016-11-10 01:37:26 UTC

why most dems don't like voter ID laws

8juliuss — 2016-11-10 01:38:17 UTC

voter id laws make it difficult for those without IDs--blacks, hispanics, the poor, those in college-- to vote. it becomes a looong process for them

these groups usually vote dem, so this could bar them from voting

CONSPIRACY: this is the first year wisco had voter ID laws and the first time in a while we went fully red for an election... hmmmm

reasons for voter turnout to be so low

8juliuss — 2016-11-10 01:40:11 UTC

our crazy frickin registration process JUST HAVE THE GOVT AUTOMATICALLY REGISTER ALL OF US CITIZENS geez
election day is just that, one day!
there are so many elections; voter fatigue --> voters get sick of effort to go vote
winner take all system... no proportional votes so why should anyone vote for a third party anyway

electoral college was originally founded because the fathers of the country wanted it to be controlled by the elite

8juliuss — 2016-11-10 01:45:42 UTC

and they said they didn't like a monarch.... yeah okay sure

electoral college description

8juliuss — 2016-11-10 01:46:02 UTC

each state has as many electoral votes and they have senators + representatives
winner take all system: majority winner in each state receives all of that state's electoral votes
need 270 electoral votes to win
those who cast electoral votes are not political figures but those invested in politics, chosen by the state's parties

issues of the electoral college

8juliuss — 2016-11-10 01:47:43 UTC

less populous states are over-represented
since winner take all system and the large states are solid blue or red states, candidates only focus on battleground states

all time and effort goes to swing states... how infair
- they do this because these states could go either red or blue; these are the ones that decide the electoral college outcome

exception of electoral college

8juliuss — 2016-11-10 01:50:04 UTC

maine and nebraska have proportional rep for electoral college, not winner take all system

b/c of the electoral college, the prez election is more like 51 elections in one... EW TOO MANY GET THEM OFF OF ME

8juliuss — 2016-11-10 01:51:40 UTC

red states (repub), blue states (dem), swing states

8juliuss — 2016-11-10 01:52:04 UTC

electoral college on affecting campaign strategy

8juliuss — 2016-11-10 01:52:29 UTC

more time and resources $ spent on swing states (ads, visits)
prez will take running mate--VP--from swing state

positives of electoral college

8juliuss — 2016-11-10 01:56:50 UTC

candidate must have broad appeal
promotes federalism
discourages voter fraud
maintains two party system (good or bad...?)

elections socialize and institutionalize political activity

8juliuss — 2016-11-10 01:57:48 UTC

better to have election than a bunch of riots and revolutions
**leaders are peacefully replaced (since 1800, jefferson<3)

US has entrepreneurial political system, meaning anyone can make it to the white house essentially

8juliuss — 2016-11-10 01:58:43 UTC

there isn't necessarily a pool of elite only to choose from

issue of permanent campaign (w/ voter fatigue)

8juliuss — 2016-11-10 01:59:28 UTC

candidates tire from campaigning all of the time too

<b>the more policy differences there are between candidates, the more likely voters can "control public policy"</b>

8juliuss — 2016-11-10 02:00:13 UTC