The consequences of prioritizing cash crops such as rubber, sugar, and tea for export, which replaced food crops like rice, This shifts food shortages, making it hard for locals to grow enough food for themselves. As a result, famine occurred and many people suffered from malnutrition, hunger and poor health. People became dependent on imported food, leading to long-term hardship. The focus on cash crops benefited colonial economies but hurt the wellbeing of local population.

Colonial rulers sometimes used traditional local leaders to govern the colonies. This decision affects both social order and future self-governance including the rise of nationalism, changes in local society, easy to fight for independence, potentially ruin the local government’s names, improved transportation systems, education and establishment of boarders. Regarding the future self-governance, there will be easy set structures.

Group 2

Colonialism fundamentally changed politics by putting foreign leaders in charge and drawing new borders that ignored local groups. This stripped local people of their power to govern themselves. The new borders often split existing ethnic groups or forced different groups together, creating tension and conflict. Traditional ways of making decisions were replaced by colonial systems. Even after colonialism ended, these changes caused lasting problems with political stability and ethnic relations in many countries. The way countries were set up and who held power was often a direct result of these colonial actions.

The role of western education introduced by colonial powers did affect the social structure and contribute to the rise of nationalism. It was a very open type of education that teaches people about a lot of things that they need to know about the world's problems such as human rights, peace and sovereignty. The education created a new type of social class which is known as the middle class which is basically the social group between the upper and working classes and is often involved in the business and professional works. That's the reason that the middle class people was created and starts to fight for their independence and become nationalists.